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Backflush Costing
Backflush Costing
A streamlined cost accounting method that speeds up, simplifies, and reduces accounting effort
in an environment that minimizes inventory balances, requires
few allocations, uses standard costs, and has minimal variances
from standard
Product costing approach, used in a just - intime (jit) operating environment, in which costing is
delayed until goods are finished. Standard costs are then flushed backward through the system
to assign costs to products. The result is that detailed tracking of costs is eliminated. The system
is best suited to companies that maintain low inventories because costs then flow directly to
cost of goods sold. Work-in-process is usually eliminated, journal entries to inventory accounts
may be delayed until the time of product completion or even the time of sale, and standard
costs are used to assign costs to units when journal entries are made, that is, to flush costs
backward to the points at which inventories remain.
The companies adopting backflush costing often meet the following three conditions :
1. Management wants a simple accounting system and no detailed tracking of direct material
and direct labour through a series of operations is required.
If inventories are low, the bulk of manufacturing costs will flow into costs of goods sold and it is
not deferred as inventory cost. Backflush costing is especially attractive in companies that have
low inventories resulting from JIT.
1. One of the main disadvantages of the system is that it only works under some quite strict
requirements. If these are not met, the system will become unbalanced and may be quite
unusable, or a nightmare to maintain:
3. Another drawback is that detailed information for management purposes may not be
available where needed, and the production control therefore need to be all the stronger.
4. The cost accounts used in back-flush accounting may be more difficult to reconcile to financial
accounts needed for reporting
1. Backflush costing is defined as a streamlined cost accounting method that speeds up,
simplifies, and reduces accounting effort in an environment that minimizes inventory balances,
requires few allocations, uses standard costs, and has minimal variances from standard.
Therefore there is a delay in the costing process until the production of goods or services is
completed. Under this costing method records purchases of raw material and accumulates
actual conversion costs. At a predetermined trigger point such as at the completion of
production or on the sale of goods, an entry is made to allocate the total costs incurred to cost
of goods sold and to finished goods inventory using standard production costs.
2. The Backflush costing is a method of costing a product that works backwards i.e. the standard
costs is allocated to finished products on the basis of the output of a repetitive manufacturing
process. Used where inventory is kept at minimum. This method necessitates the need for
detailed cost tracking required in absorption costing, and usually eliminates separate accounting
for work-in-process. It is also known as Backflush accounting.
The following example will be used to illustrate the first two variant outlined above.
The manufacturing cost information for March for a division of XYZ plc is as follows :
There were no opening stocks of raw materials, WIP or finished goods. It should be
assumed that there are no direct materials variance for the period.
Variant 1 :
2. CC account 4,440
Cash 2,800
Cash/ creditor 1,640
£’000 £’000
Conversion costs
£’000 £’000
£’000 £’000
£’000 £’000
FG 6,380
£’000
Raw and in process materials 650
Finished goods 1,540
2,190
The balance on the conversion cost account would be carried forward and written off at the
end of the year.
Variant 2 :
The accounting entries where there is only one trigger point (on completion of units)
would be simpler.
DR CR
£’000 £’000
1. CC account 4,440
Cash 2,800
Cash/creditors 1,640
3. COGS 6,380
FG account 6,380
This variant is thus only suitable for JIT system with minimal raw materials stocks.
Assume that there were no opening stock of all types and no material variances arise during
March
Answer :
Notes :