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4. Why are electromagnetic waves with very low frequency not used for
data transmission in computer networks?
Ans-
• Low frequency has longer wavelength
• Data rates depends upon the bandwidth
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5. Distinguish between 3G and 4G cellular networks.
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• There is a short break in transmission which can be noticed by the
user
9. Define a cell.
Ans-
In mobile communication, the coverage area is divided into smaller areas
which are each served by it’s own base station. These smaller areas are
called cells.
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Interference between signals from co channels are termed as co channel
interference
17. What are the various channel allocation techniques used in cellular
communication?
Ans-
Fixed Channel Allocation, dynamic channel allocation and hybrid channel
allocation.
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• Physical deployment and radio coverage modelling
• Plans to account for the growth of the network
• Analysis of the relationship between the capacity, cell size and the
cost of infrastructure
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Ans-
• Mobile stations
• Base stations
• Mobile Switching Center (MSC) or Mobile Telephone Switching
Office (MTSO).
26. What are the disadvantages of cellular systems with small cells?
Ans-
• Requires complex infrastructure
• Requires frequent hand-over
• Involves complicated frequency planning
27. Is IEEE 802.11 and Wi-Fi same? State the purpose of WiFi
Ans:
No ,WiFi is wireless internet. The laptop has an internal wireless card so it
can be connected to wireless routers.No need to have an Ethernet cable to
connect to the web.
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30. Define BCA.
Ans-
Borrowing Channel Allocation is a method by which more frequencies are
allotted dynamically for high traffic cells.
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Ans-
The basic propagation mechanisms are
• Reflection
• Diffraction
• Scattering
37.What is diffraction?
Ans-
Diffraction occurs when the radio path between the transmitter and
receiver is obstructed by a surface that has sharp irregularities.
38. What is scattering?
Ans-
Scattering occurs when the medium through which the wave travels
consists of objects with dimensions that are small compared to the
wavelength and where the number of obstacles per unit volume is large.
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42. Write some features of TDMA?
Ans-
• In TDMA , no. of time slots depends upon modulation technique
,available bandwidth
• Data transmission occurs in bursts It uses different time slots for
transmission and reception, then duplexers are not required
• Adaptive equalization is necessary
• Guard time should be minimized
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• Robustness
• Quality Service
• Cost
• Proprietary Solution
• Restriction
• Safety and Security
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51. What do you meant by roaming?
Ans-
Extending of connectivity service in a location that is different from the
home location where the service was registered. Roaming ensures that the
wireless device is kept connected to the network, without losing the
connection.
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53. List the databases of NSS in GSM?
Ans-
• Home location register
• Visitor location register
• Authentication center
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The Fast Information Channel(FIC) contains Fast Information Block(FIB) with
256bits each(16 bit checksum). An FIC carries all control information which
is required for interpreting the configuration and content of the MSC.
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• Scalability and Efficiency
• Security
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71. What are the enhancements made in DSDV?
Ans-
• DSDV adds to things to the Distance vector algorithm,
• Sequence Number
• Damping
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77. What are the metrics should be considered while routing?
Ans-
• Number of hops
• Interference
• Reliability and Error rate
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The COA could be located at the FA, ie., the COA is an IP address of the FA.
Thus the FA is the tunnel end point and forwards packets to the MN. many
MN using the FA can share this COA as common COA.
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89. What is multicasting?
Ans-
The delivery of packets from one or more senders to a group of receivers.
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Ans-
• Session management
• Capability management
• Content management
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101. What is the use of WCMP?
Ans-
The wireless control message protocol is used to provide the error handling
mechanism for WDP. It contains control messages that resemble the ICMP
messages for IPV4. it can be used for WDP nodes and gateways.
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WAP is Wireless Application Protocol.It is the basic Objetive of the WAP
forum are to bring diverse Internet content and others data service to
digital cellular phones and other wireless,mobile terminals.Moreever a
protocol suite should enable global wirless communication across different
wireless network technologies.All WAP forum solution must
be:interoperable,scaleable,efficient,reliable.
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