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Welty Solutions Manual 1 151023210416 Lva1 App6891 PDF
Welty Solutions Manual 1 151023210416 Lva1 App6891 PDF
To Accompany
Fundamentals of Momentum,
Heat, and Mass Transfer, 4e
By:
James R. Welty
Charles E. Wicks
Robert E. Wilson
Gregory Rorrer
C.l1APTf:.R , IF ,)IE: Co/VVcte.S/ON rr'1C70R/
je I IS USe.D,
~ ~[ csk35 j.
20
1.1 n = L/ 10 /i,,;,
>(
lg
I.S ~LOl.J PROP~RT/g s:
SrR~S5 / PRE.S5UR.~
,:. NA = -'- n OA = 1.04 x IO /s ($~ADIE./v~ II~LocrrY.
4
Pi IJ ID 'PROP£.Rrlz. s :
1.2 'V P = j~pi X
II + dP
d<j
u
J
/z./I1?:£RA7U..e£ / D:E,A..)SIT~
PR£S.5 U. REI =':>Pfl:.CII=IC
cv'PCQJ b) = f'c v;: [k(cos I siYlI +2)x J.I EA0 SPEED o f Sou/1/D.
+ ~('51 Yl I Cos I ) y J I. {, 9
.". \7PCQ)b):::;2,",,-2 [t (~f-2)X
+ i-( 51~ 2 ) 9]
1.3 'VT(.K; j) = To (£.f [-k,\ Ca5 ~ ccsL, ~) ~ e.'" r:2 ('"~ r Ix ex +l"
A
e r \ ~ e."- ~
= COS e~.x + sin g e.~
-rt(Sit1 ~ 51nh ~)g J
~ ;:( ~!,\" e); + I~ IS! e.~
\IT(a.).) :::: To £k,[-b.(c.o~1 CO'!>hl)x
= -sin e ex + GOes. e ~j
+ t( '5 in \ ~~h I ) Y]
..• Q. E. D.
V7(o.) 6)= -r;, e.""~ [l~I~~+ e.-') 5{
-+- (~i." / )G.-l-')
2h
9]
A
=Toe-~rC&>-:.1 ( 1+ e.-"2.)'; - ~e
2.. L~
-to ~r\1 ( I -
~
i:,2.);1 de. s =-cose'"
__ <2.;r - ~''(\ e'" <2.~
de ....
::Tc, (O.CJ~:l~; + .1?23 ~) :::: - ([.r
• Q.E. D .
• •
1.>.1 /(Jt",1j) of 'PROB~~/Yf 1.:5 IS
/-10,,"04 t!/l1c.ouS.
p~;;J O~ PEo13I..~/IIf 1.2 WILL
13£ )lO/f!OtS UV't! ocrs/ IF
12
-='
-:E.
vz
::: [ l\of 'S a
f~
'l
J O~
1.8 {LaX" =
~=~a+~.a.-
~
ax ~
or + ~
ax ~
ae = fJ/i.
1'><' +~ ( I-X)
oy ay dt' (39 de
r2= )(:1+Lj:1 ) 9= 1:a.n-1 -¥ /.1/ ¢ =3 )(21.J + 1/gJ.
Se
a) \7<1 = (6X'g)x r (3x 2 t- 8!fJ;
dr -
ax - (x + yt)'2
)(
2
II
= C: r' = cos e 'V r/; (3) S) = Clo X f {,? g
~
a~
=- )(2
y
+ y~
= - ("'51118:-
("2
sine
'('
"". V= a.,.~
dr +- f
J
c2.e
.... .a... + er a2 .A ;; I - "om )(
(}E:1
A
.... --p -::: fJ", (/- X) RI
1.10 MASS 01=' SOLID = If Vs /- & >(
"M
II /I FLUID == It If p~
2
1.13 1p:= A,. sinB (I - -Fi )
a) V'1p:: d 'I' ~ +~ ~ ~9
()r r r ae
:. -vP = AOSil1e(1 -~)
r~
ae
~~ = -jfJv;.'-[~~r] ~
ffE?
de
A-
fL.2 -
_.J.
2 r
LJ v: 2..
oC
r2;(l[
L-L 3
Ji if
~ I\lIP! =0 : "!>lrleCOSe[C1 +~ f
?= '3001 (1.01):' 3CCD:; 217 AiM
3
CHAPTER 2 R='Po. tP"" 5(\:2"); -PI ='"P.z
"P2. = ~ t-PK 5 ( s") ; "?.s ="'P<{
2./ V'P=PS j dP.... ,..
d~ e~ = -pc:, e.':j P'i = 'PA +Pw9 (~~) i 'P,", :: '?s
Po. -rPM ~(l~")=~+/tI3(2",)+~9(S:)
~t... clP = -p<] C' cl ':l Bl :'?a, -rpw g~~, '12'/- 2" -: tS'·sj
:. '"PA =- -Po. T 5. ~ 17:5\ == s: ~ I ?S~
~~ = (JSn
@ STANDARD CONOlTIONS 2.5'" 'VP::: peS -a) I.e.."PR e:sSURE
G'RADIENT IS IN THE DI'KEcT/ON
f' = 1:>/RT OF (9 - a); I :5o'aARs ARE ..l-
FROM ~.15 f1.IR=O.0"7651 I~~ ~ - a.). TH E BALLOO"-l
CST'R IN6 WILL
FROM ~. 15 -Po..~ =211h.2 ~
fr2
,.. ASSUME THE (~-OJ
g t:>1'REGTlON.
h- (21/ 6.2 1J.F/f/.2.)(32.1'1i.f 10.... rt/'5:2/bf)
.'. 'B,AUoO"-l WILL
- (0=((,51 Ihn1/A-~';('32.114 fr/s':J.)
-0. MOVE Fo~WA'K!)
= 2 T/6~9 A:
2.6 EQUATING: -p 13EFO~E ANt)
2.2 FOR A PER FEeT q AS) D~\N6t ACc.:t= Lt:RI\"\O~ i
'"'P=pRT -p =P5 ~ 0 :=. P ( <j ;-0.) 'j Q,
:. MANOM£TC~ LEVEL
2.3 ~=-dV d'P 60E5 1:::>c)(.4J N.
P V =7
L\"P_
. - AV _ _ 3000?S1 ' _ l 2.1 MAt£; A ~~ ~3A
V - f3 - 30"., oc)o-psi - 100
Of2TI-4!;,~JJ. A
.: 90 VOLUME CHANGE = '0/0 Is IN 1n.2; 3J~ ~
2.l.f
MERCURI{ 04.7-3?K ~ g~h/(#
A•
h,. 144 .11.7 I tf4.7A
~~ ./'2.2. -= 2.2\ ':: 2'.£c; 1ft.
If
2.6
A
Hg
I
q -= ~ -JOlt. ~ 10 ST~JJG troM 16wr A j
I
.~ -~ = SZ.7p'; =0.227 ~J
2JI F -= '?e.G. A - '?o..~A ==,oj 11 -(fR2
PH:J O = 1000 I<~/~l) h= 2W1) l<=.3~
F :: S~46 ~~/s~ =- 5"5"'-1 b N
5
2./2 ASSlJh1ING, ArlY1()SPHERIC AIR.
TO 13£HAV'£ I DEALL ~
AIR
&- -~Q --ll
dg - r . ) - "RT
--- -- -
--
LET T = a + b~
tJlTH ~/VGN IN FORMI1TION,
T.: S30 - 2l/ fJ
7; D.} ~i=~ =0 ON TANK
dE. - -g dlj Ptrd 2
._ "Pa.tltl. lTd~ _ 2!JO =0 (I)
-p - ~5......:30~--2-J.!tl.ly/~ -1l- T
fOP .dE - <3 h (' -2lJd (':J/h) @ W'ATER L£VEL INSIDE TANK,
1; -p - 2i{R 10 5"30- 2~(Y/h)
"P = P ai ", -to PH:1,O ,](h-,:{) (2.)
1n. E =- :ili- /'1 5"'0,
FRoM (t) AND
? 2.4R $""30
(2)...
b)
"':-". -- . -,", .
AIR
PJ: =1':zz: t
i1 !='y = 0
~ -~ = -L) a (~,'QrL). 'J (10") p =P....t- + 2.S'O+-f:
rH" 0 ":J r H9 7rd2./J{
:: '1.63 psi @ WATER LEVEL INSIOE TAN}(~
P = 'Pa. fnt .,.. ~H.:20 9 (3-g)
:. PoIN! A HAS THE HI9HER
F = I q6 (3 -'1) -25"0
-P1?~:S5 UR.!. .
6
"I>y ANALYSIS SIMILAR TO 0..)
~
(<<{ lj lf9 (h -4t-Cj) - gb~JdA ::0
OBTAI N (3-,)) = 2.? FI.
.e o F: Iq6 (:2.1) -250 == 293.6 /bf 4 (" C9 hIJ -1)(3 'I'f +;;9 !I :L-16¥~JiJ
tJ
:=0
2.JS AS THE TANK CONTINU£S TO h = IS: I Y ff:
BE ?U5HED TO qREAT£R DE'P~
THE VOLUME OCcUPIED 'BY THE
AIR IJEcR£AS£S AND 77IE b) FOR A TR.IANc; ULAR GATE.~
750UYANT FORCE THUS DE- dA: (LJrr. -Cj )d'j
Q;RESSUR~ 1~
LUMN FROM rHE DIF;::: ElEMENT 2.11
IS h - Jll-g
Q.) FOR A REcTAN6ULAR 6Ar&)
d,4== ~'d~
clFw == [ ~ 9 (h-4ry) -rPetIfCJ dA THE 130UYANT FORC£ CAN 13E
OBTA'N~D "BY INl"E~RATION
d F". -= L 6P'S;9'/ilL! + ~ ] alA OVER ,HE CURVED SURI=AcE.I oR.
~Mo
~
=0
<j(dF"w-d7=A) = 0
By
~F~=O
THE
LJ =I'IOIJ <3'71R2
0
FOUOWINq "R£ASONIN~:
7
F':J = BOUYANT FORcE ON suB-
MERGED LO<:i + Q, WHERE
Q= 'w'l:lqHT O~ \420 \N SHADED
'REGioN. '1IR~)
Q = C"R:1. - T IfJ5
T
b'
F~ = fJJ7r1?~ of" ('R2. - ~)1'9
=,.og~ (J +-4FJ . ~
J-
,0 [7!' + I-if] =,f~ 7r (SI/'JCE F~ ='vJ)
p~ = ~ +J- = J. 06'1
~ JI 17'
1/:2,0
2.1'1
h == <i./5ft.
a.) FORCE 'R£'Q'D TO l/F=T BLOC.K
FREE O~ BoTTOM; 2.21
Z F~= 0 = F -Flo -F ....
= F - (ow 3 22. ?S'+-Pa..+ ... 'P'~s'J AS'SllM mows :
J
- (3',. 3'x.S)A:
CD~~~ ~rtr"~ &u.-
F= (3 1c 3')( 1'",,9 22.;s:.' +R+.o. +
gc,
.5";.g)
10 ® HzO Us\&!- A~ ~LL T(!)p
= 32/1971bf y 12:= #
b) FORcE 'REQ'D TO MAINTAIN
FREE Pes/noN:
j e
liP d F". llpdA
2 F~ = 0 = ~ -(3'x 3' )(,S'),4 9 01. ~ dA:% z:~ eSWledf}
1-
Z7reSd C(
dT T
BoUYANT FORCE VARIES
'REMAINS C.ONSTANT
'PIcL Q:)~ 2
::: t. ~to X/O /, ~ = /760 kPa...
'5(t"\ D( '" "/'- rJfct '" ~ a.
1_ 2. (/[)
.Ii ~ S£ -+ fc ItI;.)rL
J 3 D~ L~ (t llf-
nZI
Pa..
$~ 10'1
(A'P_d(A~) =(!,.q~cI~ z:
)0 e~'w,e l,:9-,8
-A~
e ~ ::: /-,49 n
~~
9
lsT~~~.
Po
~{sT~~~.
)(ls~Dt~~ T.
~E.~10 T~ ~~TU5
AI THe. CENTER o f THE
\VA:Jr;e .. EARTH}
z:.:R
B,i?H~~::: 1?""~l"q~)f~ Pc :: r;.+n\ ~
'UT2. (1 IZ ~~ T ffjo
2.2'1
:-IT 12' p= 2
H,.,O
~k.!.'3~/1+.3
+t
10 '
MUO
p= 4 '5(u9~ 1ftl
"'B
F oRC.E / UN IT LEI{6rH r: f=
f=:: f (p - Pa..n..)a'A
~= C~ 9 f df +f~j'2 t(! j(l-l2})dc
12-
F'=Pw~( Iq2 kl)-t-~ ~ (s-OJi.'1
10
TO FIND L.OCATION at: F
Z
=Ptjc.H~
::z I
~7 ___ f'<3~"!fr~
=fJw9 (~6 f20l{O) +-~ j (2.q~3 -20L/O) A 2
~t-C{5'_3~ Tf'<3 .. r.."
= 2 'i~ '106 H-'/bf T, ~'~'I
r+9
:2
2-
2 == IS". 3S- ff: ~
2! M) ::I'Jc. ~"t S"o..rol. + !] rl
A ~h.t
~~~ T!j "
:3
A H'"
.::.
= z,-l.H + 71:a.r3 - bT(,-3 - 11 ('3
Z ,:;I. 6
ZF~:.o
Fa =f'9c [2rH t~ 2
- & - .E.c;:J
2. ;z.J
F. =f'Sc. [2 rH - ~J
2 .
I,
CHAPTER L/ FOR C.v. SHOWN;
IS ~I )5('.s/,Cv.MdA = )fA/,(v.r1)dA
+ ~~A1P(V-·~)c:lA
e"'_Y3A I
- 2' ex -2 ~~
COMPoNeNT IN e. DIRECTION
=f' [112 o.ve.. A;l - )oRq(l- n) :2'rrrd~= 0
= e· v-- (Y3" 1 lZ:s
2" eN -2 A ) !J
.~/ofZx +I'I~)
~,..
1J2 o.lI'c.., =
q1r R:2. (f-.,"- -I)
~ .. =I 2 $ fps
11 (1.5"~
= 5"13 - 7 = 1. 66 fps.
l/. 2 {} = 10 ~x + 2 x .~'J
l/.'1
0.) ~ = ~ = :Y..
/0
>(
d'J =2>f
\1")( /0
V;= .of,., [J'--'-____ ;::w
Q= IT ,.,,3
Q = Avo = o. S'S-S' fI?,s
::.
~ CONTROL
r- - - I VOWME:
i~- -- +-~-r!'
L.. _ _ _ _ J
12
:. ~ T let. 2 5 - 3. iLl :: 0
dt M
•
••
S
=~(l-e.J;iI
-,q.:z.t)
=Al 'LJ + 'TrD v-.!:..2 2. = V-(-n:~1 +1J' 0 L) M= Z33 I~
2L • ' V I='O"R t = '00 ""i""
V- = ITrO,,/q 'XV;) == V; S = 15'0 Ibrt\ .. 0..)
"irDa r~ I + "'D F'OR -t: =:>
~ 1 oJO
= 1.1-1 ~/s
S =
I 6 b. 6 Ib"" .. . b)
(t.l (S::z _ _d;.,..s_ __
Jl; dt
,
= Js I
3. ~q - 19!.3 s
tI\
t 1 -t I = -1:1
,Q.4
£.,.. 3.Zl/ - ~ 5:,
M
'3.!q - IQ.2 5
r;;;- ,
= -~3.S' k 0.39 :;; 6() mt'".
/.S'I
:. ~:: /;/) rniH.-4.....----- c)
",(
ffL
~ c.v. pdll = !fl :. Q. £D.
13
[ p(v.¥\)dA + ~ rrvpdv= 0
Cos, ~c.~
o 'STEAOy F~w
• ~. d M ~ E• 0•
nees d rn =0
di:
+ Jr :. '"to
+ 2. jl ]!;. .ydy =0
o 3d
'/./2 v =f r
-vdA
~ == 21'L b == -2"oL v, b =-v-
.
= ifmo.x" SR 21T'" L'rt - R'J,..lY7 dr ~t
LET
'11 R~
;z =%
0
de = d YR
) d ... == 2 W,side = 2 if nr., d~
(' I
'4
80UN DAR Y CONDITION S:
LJ"(h) = 0) V"~) = V,."o.x 4.Ju,
0= C. b + C2 b~
..• C, :. l/ V",&1L
b
) C ...~ =-~ 11'
wrCJ.X
b2.
q Lb[t" -(f)jd~
LET 1 = ~b )
1).,.,"0.)( = --.:L::...::,1/-,--_
l/ b 1'(t - '-J cJ ~
yt
V"..."'....
,,-"'
= .:22 bLv
4.16~~r--- - -....:.--,
t J J CV.-;
t r ----;
--1
t
----t>- 2 ern I J -
I
I
L_~ - -
,Scm ,
I
4crfl....J
2-
" .~::- .- - f-.:
-J
t
O.8mrn.
Zern
MAss~ ~:: MAaS nPw 0,"
USlN~ llwSEBVRlON (): ~
tQ, 2J Az l12 ~?AiUJ ").
As W2t1T9Ilu~CM 4.10
1~'16~ 1TQ6)2.1~~O-'~ ~ U".5 ~ +rsclm. ,,0
~
dt: c~
Uj = B.l5" w.~
IT d';" .. tDJ
Cs.
.j. 5' Qu:.tlc: ~
~ =-j'A.V=-ywV Vs
_____ J
~ MowQre Is ~
lr~~sltr ~.12
"''i.=j\rd2 .. o{~(eo-<)dl-
o
V.e :: ~:,""
... (0
I> Q= '-'4Ii
lTtJar=4lT~(~ -Ctr;
~f~~4.'2!2
4.24 v
n1.lA7r " f I lfe2'1fLd"(
o
~
17
CHJ\PrE'R S' ~~ ill
5'.1 ffc.s.p(O.n)dA =0 r" ~ I .. 25"j'p$
f-
:. ~ "'l1..".:l
2i I I
(
SJ~CS FROM 5:t~ ~ 3 vI) =~,~ ~.,. dm f =0
o -=-(1",)(.,! .,~,)(8·OO ~) = 179. g Val
P,-'P-;a. =t" (J79.e #- ~f'@.o)~
= 189 p~f=J.31p£; =9.MJ<A:,.
J8
~= /S7.t ~/s
caltlTROL VOUJME MOVES AT
V= 4.S- ~ e.x. MEASURE nUID
=1-66> Ibf
.: THE TENSION IN TIlE ROPE
VELOCmES RELATIVE: TO TANK
~9 = FoRCE' O~ FLUID BVTANK
~
= COs30- = 215 lbj:
i E3 :
<DL ____ J@
M 5.:
b FX ~ .[l::J
Q= Atr= ,,£2 ,
A,=O.2SOQ.:a.
~
<D ®
A~ :: 0. IS";po Fa ::' 60 PSf''l :: ?~.'i psi~
~~JC =fb:,.yf'(\i-·")J~~dV D. =3" :: . :lS"'
o Q =i()(J ~oJ/mit1 =. iCJ 2 R-~s
&= Jo. A, v,:r. +-f':l~ ~~ P2, = 1'1.7 psi ~
=,oQ (Vi-V,J=I'Q (~ - ~) O2 ::- t.s ll
19
Jr ("'P. D. :z _ n 0::1.) _r:" _ LJ LJ(i1.{L _J..~
LI \ 'r S ~ rx -iff' \~ OJ.,
f
Fx = (?I.;r. 9-/11.7 ·2.25") lbf
-,;p (1. 9L{'Q ~l{ .qr) 'bt
5:9 • ~,--;-~~V;
F= k5. vccs6dm=(-z-oX-i.Jz
q
FCR "Pmo..,c.J 1: =0
-::- FaRcE ou F'LUfO) ALso ow PU\l~ I-~Ht +3ttt· =0 :. m= I aR ~
20
ttl::: I as MIN1MUM
.~ FOR "P='P~J =~ ~a.) v-*
THE VANE I~ AlTACHeO To A
\VH£El of RADI(IS ... ; NoTE TWA1
ALL MAss HITS CA'RT
M«j == I'Av-r[1Tc.. (I-'-DSe)vc::ose-~
COAISERVA-not( OF MAss!
:: I'Av-r (/- case X"t1C -u-) V,A. =~A2
m= VC/v- ). MaM~NTUM :
?= ~A v- 3 ( , - ccse)(m:l.-m) 2F=f-oolm
~
P.A, + ?(A:l-A.)-~~-~AASf> ~~
@-o' IAA_
dMot - ) nl - '"'-
::: S"OS:S- JJ
-~---=-.::..-----,
F'3 - ~A2 s;,,8 =;:JQ. (1{ sine -0)
F~ ~ "R~ -':jJQv;..s,'r18 .... B.A..1 sine
= +r:a2
31?$
'R~ = H, 3GJS' N·
Z F' = rc.~. vd m
R= rOUT
vdm - ( vd~= Fao~f·E.
)n~ FLUID
= 2 fa 3Jf'~2(~)\~j t-f'ifo.l3ol
....
tiAj --;l, V;; 2 bd (MOMEN1UM
OUTSIDE'
SEC.TION ®
~ + 'P.1 A2 - P3 A3 ::. ~ (\Jj -1,.1;.) R::'2,o~2d..,. 3p~~- 6/,v;, 2d
Fx = ttl (lJi -1Ii)-rf3 A:J - P~A.:z. :: -r>Vold
o-A +"R1"m (A 3 -A~) - F)(=O FoRcE o~ CVLlNDER.: -R=l't{/J
o-A =Fx.-RiMtAs + Pc-mtA:z.
m(Vj-v;,).,.(p~-Rn.,)A3 ~ -~--
o-A:: S'Jt
~-'P~)A.2 tJ;=10fps ~
o-fJrof.)=E!' (33ao) t U:~~(:l~t
3!U ~ 0.) AIR: lfw = 1130 fps
- SHi. ~ ~(12)· 1'= O.0023? slc..c.gs./Pf3
0--= I Z2/ psi (COMPRESS/Otl) A'P= ~ -P. =Pal.{." ~ :(.OO:131XIl 30 )(,q
-
A.UID o;-A,
~
N02lLE =:26.KQpsf = O. 116 'i!ps;
TORGU E: = r~ 'tflS5.
-.-- 'It ~= 10.21'2.
VR~IO.""''l.
f' VR A
• 8.2."38'
M, = -2l'Av 2 rfj
= -2.('2.~1)'Tf( ~f(C(OO)!s.
<jc.
23
s~ ~ ) L
~ ~ t II I x
i-- 3' • +' /" ----1
XM2 = ff~s('-xV~ -~o)l'(v.A)dA . =~out
mitt
-
:: sq3 r( La (v)-t dr -\I plfh = pv-(o. +b)
:. b-o-. =hcosO(.J b+o.. =h
= -~v:l.t [rP5]~=7'V~t(36) b = h( 1+ cascX)
2. .
V = ~
.::l..
/') g L.
I.:t = c~/
t = 4-;~
-.
bt' 0. -= h (I - cos ex. )
.: M~ =595"8 ft -lbf
:2
, _I _+_t_f_I_ _
r I IVs ~-v.
F:pv2. h sin ~
I I b) XMr :: )(0 X O)z dWi
L
F"~l =~ 1!f'Va -~ V";,vb
.:: pv 2 hsiYloc.R= ~,Pv.J i:lf'V.:l.
2F =1k<iyp(v n)dA +;t}[2pdV o
,,_ I , (o.':l-b~)
FaR caQR'DI NATE F=1X'G'£) TO cAR .{ - 2 h ~l"""'-
I,." )(- DIRECTlotJ Z Fx = l; =J:lI(.Y-2coso(-f ~ ?f-2cOSc(~
r( C'5
V;r ,LXO.n)dA =pAj
..
11 (-'1> 1I 2 h sino(.
. . -f'Ac V~ (-ve.)
f= 11 cotcX
&~)fc.v. V)C pdV=:. ('(Ae Vs :-Aj~')(O) 2
:.FK::f'[Ac.V;Vc -Aj1f2.]
I)J y- DIREC.T/ON l:F~ -= F'j
f~c.s.V'j p(-(J·;')dA :: 6oA~ vsX-~)
;- CfJAi Vi X0)
~ fcr v. IJdV=O
dl: )J)c. v. Cj r
L5
5."3D r - - -, TAk:l1J<l ~ ~ 6
USD..r:;T~ l~ ,; I W~Tb>TW6~
~L~j. ; f:~~1I
It: -3'P2 A4T:3V SAV
M=s>A h Vz - n:
m, '" gAV: -~ AIi L _k' Y - 3'4~l ~T = B.S
T :: 40.3 R-~bF
~ + *dt<A, :.0 c.v.
. . 5,~ r - - - - - --,
~ gA n-- sAtt:rD 2
~(J\Jtff1 ls SAr{~USD
v,----+- _+
L-
tv1~ LUrr14 t A$ + e.v-)J - - - - - - - -t
L f(f " ~ -t ~lJ~dM Hg
V ~ ~ := ZL19 +t.;~
=71.~~ \ZPa.-
, A: y~ +l: L
=O.442 W~"L
=0.02.51 mi
~ 'J'
Q -:::.A,V, 'Z 'IT (.08)5
4-
rh: gQ :z 2'5_15 tzrs
V2 :r V, ~~J '" (2.8 M,i
~ 2 m(V2-~)+~-~)A,
~ 2 19<O ~ 3«) 55coN "2
5.??J
~2glJ2[Z-~]
~: lf2 = ~ 1!- :z 55.0 ~~
4'[-8
2..7
CHAPTER b FlUID APPEA'Rs TO BE H;z. 0 ,I
---,
P,=:/S-'"~L
0, =.25 Itt
-t-_ J IT
~:: 175"KR..
D:z=alS'2 ~
'
WORK
,. - ~ S(et !)d.;,+ ~ rrC..:;{dV
o J~S. ~~-
:. -1r= (et ~J ~ -(e rl), m
=~[,lU,,-U, +~~-u.2. R :l
2"- + ~'i + ~(~-i')J
';"I
S/ijCE 12 =- T. ,/
U 2 .: U,
•
m =f'Q =1025·.'2(= 21S.2Sk1ls
V, =AIQ =4.278 M/!)
V'- = A'l
Q = 1/. S7~ m;~ n-\ de.( T U ~ :z homl~1 u =CvT
<H: dot n
6s - ~~s = ~c~+-~)f'(O'n)dA
[£Js = gQ. 6"5"0 = qo~ 000 ff.~tf
tit . K2 P. -B =25"",. 10/, 3:2S i=h./a;fns
o
~ (e.T~)o(v.n)dA =/Avf>1- _~l. 10 2 10. 33 mH;.ola.+m
~~. 2
== 2l(5'.;; I=b.
+.! ('Po-~) +- ~ (l:\~ -'jA) + C~l v/' = .3.& = :2 ·2'15':2 = ~02 ~
f' 0 j P h22 s~
Ps =- aws/dt-
AV t'ii tell' -,-LJa (!.jA-~ ) V.:. 20. 0 I+t/s
2 Tf- J B
Q = Av= 7TG3)2fl-O)
-q-
=I.t/I? mJs
=(-2010 t 3 g 5"0 +- 3CJ 25" -I- q~7) == 5'0.0 ft3/S
== G702 psf"" =~6. S" psi""
6.6 ,7 D-IO"
®li=LiO~
CD 1?= -6ps'I~
29
-~w= I.:U~ I.'1l1m 3 20 2 ",~ MOMENTUM:
de M~' 5* ·2 SS
f>. -
~ )A. = p~2A, -1'1f,'lA,
= 346 "" oR .3Yb KW
-,0 t!i '4 A3 ccs.G
= 0.465 hp
P,-~ =
6.i ENERGY EQUATION - STE.ADV p
,..:" hOI + 1IM31103 = Wt:z ho :{
+ V.l2 r ~ )
2 ,.0 + ~2[43~
-2 • VI - 2 b, c.osB ~
AS T, =- 7;) p, ="P3 I ... Ihv3 A.
A,V,
,u
r
e= v T, l' ~ v,A, f V:.A.3) t A, v,3 t"A!.vf
2:2
=V:zA2 (C 7i ;'2 +- ; )v t
FRoM CONTINUITY;
V, A, + tI, A3 = v2,.A:z J 112 =V. -r 1r, ~
~A2 ~V (T;1 -T.) +P=; P,] = ~,~ lft~
+A3tJjV;~ _ ~ Vl.1&2.
2 :2 6.9
CAN ELIMINATE Z6.
C v (72 -T,) = P,-'f;i + V. .!:1,.2 + AJV] V3~
,.0 1f:2 A;:~.:l
_ V.14 «Yc.'S. p(et~)(v.n)dA=O
,-
T
lL ~ V ':1
So Cv(-r; -T,) = P. -P:a. + I 1I,;\ ve, -:4 + U13 - £.lit t "Ps - ~ :::a 0
r' It A3~ 2 2 ;z>
A,V,
+_~-_~ V:::)" --v.M( 1+ It 3 11:):1.
VA ::= Q = 3f1o/s =3. B2 fI'/s
A-!lI3 l
3 AA 701 (19-):1
A3 ~ tA, v..4 ;;. I A,'if
Us = Q
Ag
=/fg
~ tI~ = '-IlI.4 =15.28 fl;ts
31
- -'A;:l·) IS INTRODtJc.e:D (ST'A. fa)
Ps .,. YJ.~ +S ~5 = 'P.s ~ V'B~ + '3 i!,.B
P 2 P 2
'R ,,2 :l
~ +.!2 -t <j l,2 == ?A + V,A t SZ,.A
~t=3."ZLfI Az= .510A, =a./II'1ml. PM 2 PM2
~ = 'Pa.+m ~ V,2:: II,A I Z~ -2'A =htd
~ =. tl29 n1
.1. '"RA - Po..i,"
6.13
--
.
CONSERVATION OF MASS ..
mA,R
.
+ WI H~o ==
.
~~I)(
V. ::L _ V J. 'j"')
l. 1+ i2.-p,= 0
2 P ~AIR +fH~o A 11113 = PM1r A16.
V, = 5:1 fps I U;1 = U.S" ~ tMH:z.o » ...nAIR (O£J.Js,T'{ 'RATOa:.' IO!)
11- p. =
,.oj
-2.0'15' Fl- of H2 o
= - 2 .a45 " H;2 0 ( I' fig 0 '\
13.b "H;1a)
h - 6' ·1
-
A) SUR~AC£ (5)*0 BEFORE AIR 1(- ~"-!jf/=f{c5.(e t ~)f'(v.n)JA
31
b) "'P. =B -FrS" = 136./3 ~
'F?z ~1'o -~~ =(1.21 ){24)1.=3'1'l.<fift,..
.2
6ft
4h d
4
~ +..£ Vc: :0 0
dt: 0'"
Vc -: y 2'jL - (h o -h) ho=I1@t=o
LET 11-h, = z 4h = d~ Vox- = ~. Cbs 30- ; VD<J = VJ' 'S,' 11 30
I dt dl:
.". ~. :5.'25'"15
dZ! d'l...,r m?s
dl .,. D~ V2'j L (I +z) = 0 Q = VJ' A. ::. 4.42.10"""
HEAl> = 'j + ~."J.
-3 -
( dr :: -d':1.Vl~L (' dt .19
)oYlf2A. D:l Jo =.6+1.6' =2.2.1 1ft
~~. @ t=o h". 1,. ,/B t =T ho-S, = 3'
-3
c
2L '/,- 24. ; .= -::1..~ '{JaL T
o 0:1. J
T- JL D~ ( )
- d.1 Y;2c.3 l I - ..; I - 3//..
A
= 105"1/ s == '30.9 /H;". Br;:T1JEEJ.J CD f ® :
~~, + v;i r ] ( = '3 <12 +-
V;z'" t- 'PI
6J185~=/21;..7f.ps~ T:l/o-p oP.2 .~ :z;p
Vi = Y;2'3 (tj,-~hJ = 35". q fps
PAr... = p~j"~J(1O.?.3 I~ "=2051.11!1l. Q= A;z V:z. = 0.733 .f13/s a.)
~} fl.2
PAlM + ~2t7}2._:E
(,115" it!
= "/.9 rS -Fps b)
f> ;( -,0
t 020P
.2 BETWeEN
?A =- "B+TAt
CD * A:
1-,.0<3 (~I -<:1.1) -,0 Yd.2-
AP =(- 00~3'P'l!5912 - #l1/()o) = 2'1.12 pSI
, ::z
6.19 6.21
A = ".193 fI'J. ~ v= ~ -= 6.5S fps
,+ g: +2
':11 <j -= "P.1
(),p- Plfl" ()~
t + HEAD:. v~ -=
.2~
S:21"O
6'1.Q
= Z2.S-f}-
~rAl =(1'141)(45")
~
+0 +0 = '('+ Et
~
t
2",1I~:t -1-4' (61. 'IJ.O. "S)
+
,'I -"1211/
6 't. 4
v:z.":Z.. _ BT.t\ - B- - "8:JLI,/U'/.7-.2'O.) = 130 - II :2 ':: J g ft.
~ - p~ 62.'1
-~ = :2S:~ 6.2'
V:l.= ~().¥ tpS ~ A= 'iT:Ja: :2'7.1 ~"2
l./
Q= All = "7.Fo ct5 c..I
Q:: (7. loX (0)( J;;r)= ~sol ;;W~ FROM 6.~
~
V \8 = ~ cl- -P,~ - ~,.",
6.23 I=RoM DATA OP PRoBLEM S::ZOj :z. f' tt~ 0
VElCXny LEAVJN6 IMPEUER
J 'lI
I
r =I".~:z. fps
PIA - P,mM = tj (h+cl)
,oM
.,.-- w r: : 1,.:2. fps
Vt; = 10.22 fp$ J
So "PIa -1?1A =P+I:a,o <3 d - f. ~B:z.f'~ 0
t 10.2:2
L..
_______
.fps '7:2 -rps -~ <j (h+d)
35
A q2 % REOlXTION.
/'.2'1
tM ='pAh
::f' 7:;r'l.(hfho)
ACROSS SECTION ONE J THE VE L- ~
d-t
= p'TIJt
.~
dh
dt
OCITY CHANq£S BY A FACTOR
OF ABOUT 2. UNLESS THE:
~t :: ~fi1 vC(At = /l![t.:J."; 29 h
MOM£NTUft1 OF THE AIR IS SUF-
FICIeNTLV LARGE -ro
ACC[LERATE
THE FLO~ THERE WILL 'BE· A ~ :: -d 20 \.bur = -d~ i ~Cjh
t)2- D~
PRESSURE: DROP, A CHECK OF
AIR VELOCITV "REQUIRED YIELDS
SUPERSONIC AIR SPEEQ, THUS WE C2~ h~dh =J(~-d~
o D~
~ dt
~
MAv N£~L£CT THE AIR MOMENTUM.
:n~ I;,:: -~ vSS t -= :2(J-m~-b.S&3
t AmP. AIR : v,Jj~~
t : -(-G.st>3X/5)2. -- /''-.L7
l. BEFORE AIR ~ 4a-t -~ -l ~T sec
rl~
i~X-s'J.r~i{) ( ;Y;:2.t .
ZFl: = ) Vz drM = /l0.~ Ift;K
"PA --Pc. = ~ L2, (1- P.) t Jl..2. v:L (1. - ~~ of-.!. t; ~ -t" ti - A )
~ 7J 2 "R 'R"'Pa 1 'Ra. If 2 :z Rl.
~ J..(~I/l-=. a.+w-tS
LJ:'1.. '4
~ + hL =H= 367 ~
2(5 t (] ~ 20 ~ 20
W~ ~ 2 '0/ (Je Z 9.32f;-f~
~:~=: ~"~%2WV
L
q Al& ::: f;.CE6·ro
2 cfs
~.'34-
LSvg:; fu (;. \() ~ FOe ~~=-2:5VW=L~VW e
A C. v. &J:I03Wc:fr~ ~p
~ (%~vw \1')P~
-?JA = ~ ?-?~% Ail?
at g ~
b.%
=~ fp'lM:~tR Lcr V-=A~Br:V(r)
59
'~ hL~~J~t:'6
I-I~ V: LY2 }%i~"lJ~
1. 1-
2 ht...2.~% 3th
&T~JJ ~ AJJ.t> Z I
<J Z%,
~ ,. t.5. .t$ '% nL-~ ~ + o;'l.-, of ~z.
~% cfI/~f~)
S(3 20 ~ ~
~a 2 1< u: zl) r. S--"t 2- U
--I;> I
-z U2..:Z l3~ ~
~ 0:
2+hL%~
2
M, z Lce6lz~
J kl-~D}lo ~l£, ~.3B
dr )R
Q.~:::
~
11.32.
/~
\
J
2D-11D ;::. :> 7
dr ~
::.'
r; ::. -~."lA 1.TAVE = - 1920~
'-\'32 PI+O O. ~ ·10'" .
tf = -.~~3 i/:"/R'a @ tCo·p
~~~:Z70%
4l
<6 = k w}
2-
"7 =2 CcJ,
~2 = 1/ <1,.
~ INCREk5E :. <t2. - ttl _100
<b,
"IV:::: 2,," 1/".2 ~ E¥' + ,.37 = '300 ~a
J<Z Raj
-IMT
1,.('iv)= 2-;2v-2-..... f' +3(fj] 19 ~ = 2. ~6 q3 -/06
,252""
42.
III VOLUN£ CI-IANlii E RATE
r ~7
~
~
L_ / a.) dUX » aU;
=Ii..,i!- AAKle+"t - A.1)t'~
4¥+ 0 A AX ..di:
a'j ax At-+O
=lit1li-r '1r (>ff6X)AT: -
---:" AJ(~o A>f .1t
\I"r ()()At= dl4
ax
[J- I
....
I J
I
41: .. 0
FOR 3-D\M:
BOrn AXIAL STRAIN RATE AND
VOLUME CHAN4E RATE ARE
iJ) EXPRE SSED AS
a~ t d 1.1~ + JV2 (5EE p~oa ct.3)
ax ;;9 dZ . .
7.14
r- z plo.ne.
Z
?J5 H~1T 1
'j/t
i
1
f
~
t
•
~h
--1 E l-- 1 LL
E=.oIGMt -1 0 t-
RESISTINCi FORCE' = f:z
F2 f
= STdA = cr 1l'Ddh=rJrDh
'I = ,P dv- = ::y:
elY ~
.. FZ = --E
••
n v-7tDh =.aV'.jl'ltDh.
,-- E.
F;i' = 1000 C.osX 3:t ./O-3)/olS-J7f
l"lo""
·.S~2 (3./t)
V"-8 -PLAN~
= {C07a, f\J
r
"lib Fr. = W
FROM PREVIOUS PROBLEM
Fz ::;; v"'}:: 7TDh .I ALSo" Lv' =;7\9
E
:. jJ ,/:u7rD h = I')'t~i
e
1.T:: m9 £ =
b8tJ·9.1/-;o-r
pif7rDh a5"OU1XIO~~.~
" .61:
".. = o. 7f:>6 nils
= ~~O rVrlGt6B -Vr Ie
Ar~O t )"'11$
+ r( ~ 1,,+6,. - ~J,.)l
~r J dA: .... d¢'dL
= ..!..
r;Ie
C?Vr -r r l.. (~)
dr-~r
ar (Ve)\l
dL =~
• -,.J
.. 're =
rr
1/9,. =p tITr d~
;;e
f- rd
r IJ sin 01..
M = .M~
A1 ij,1f,..3d~dr
h SIf1C1C l 0 0
.: M=1T'~ w D.y
32 h '51"''''
lvzO
~
(?t-~)~: \'Trl)L%(J)
4P ;<" 41"' = 21.7 rsf4\ 7.2. \ ,
L D ~% 0·76 ·ID- 144'5
-,
jLl2():Z: D.~~ .. (0 .,
Xe~:a-5l%
CHAPTER g
t.1 -£ = 32"uv. Q
cJx 0 2
v'1f!i
4:: ~Q 13 CONSlO£R THE CYLINDRICAL
dx 7T IfI
SH£ll ELEME NT
Q. =KD.'
Q2::: K ~i
__- L
~I ar .,
K= (-:&\Jr
. dxjmp. THE SAME ANAL VSI5 AS IN SEC.
02 =20. Q4 ::: 16Q. S.I OF THE TEXT LEADS TO;
-dP - -.1P
dX - T
Jdv= -.1P (rdr -
:2L.,.u J A r
d,.. Sf
ORIGINAL: ,;, ::: KD" (-:~) V = -.A!:.,...1. _ e,k r + co2
I./)-' L ;U
-t1lf.3 = L I.) ~
"B.C. v=o @ r ="R J r. KR
K 041
C. ~ R~(J-I<~)
(£) =rHH
&
46
'Tf.)( = ~ dVt :: ~ l: + c. lic. Va '1:1 0 @ yo =""'ROc.TT£R
dr dx 2 ...
0= e,Ro-S&
M
V.{:: -L. 4E r2 t S. .t.-c r + C;z
lfA dx oM Va =(JRu'Nf~ @ r= 'RuIHER
B.C. Vx • O@ r co.Q. , ~ = V@ r
:L
=;zd :. w'Ri= C,R; -..£
A
C, =k~
-A r; -L.. dJ>( 11
LV+ J6,.u dK D~_da~
C =# CiRca c, = wI<:
R,-'Rc
C2.=
d
-2-dP ~_ C, kl2.
.
~ =G)~ r _ w-"RiRo
Ri - "Ro I<\' - '"Ro
~A dX 'I .M :z
F :: fA = rC1id .1) =w"Ri"Ro (r _ 1::) OR
'Ro
.: F::. 17" d,uf} :L
d£..~
(V + ..L.
l! 16,M
2,!:
«x
=
1(0 -Rl
c...J~i ( I - r"fRo )
&J
d
I-K~~
(D~-cF») + d
~dx A LINEAR PROFI LE .'
j~t )7 J 7 J; II
GOVERNING EQUATION JS
c, =A., ( v- 2:!: dP)
!L (~)( ) - JfP -= 0 .2"u. dx
dy dx
C~=O
FOR N£WTONIAN FLUIDS IN FOR ~>') =0 " d Vx ) =0 )
LAMINAR FLO~ -=fol d ~ -;;x Y
=D
d Y 4=0
dy c, =0
• V - -'-
•. x -:J"u d}(
d? tj~ 1- Z;"J
C, u t C;z
:. dP _ 2).( V
dX' - h~
ae. @ INT£R~ACf (@ y =0)
I) Vr =V:zz:
2) '~r = ~XIr CONTUJUITY: dP + ~ (Plh) = 0
dt ax
~I dVg -=,I-{Jl d Uxrr MOMENTUM: dVK + Vt JI!¥ =:1 aP
dy d~ at ax fJ ax
5
1.1 til T'ieM
'f'
g:p = ;11 d:l.~
dX
\Ix
dlf
=...L ~ 92.1" c1 Y + ~
+
S5'e",
2"a elx M @ 1
BERNOU lLf f='ROM S TO I v)( =~ +C J. Y -,.0'3 y~
p +~ + <3 i!s = P. + ~ + r
P5 Q
:2p
2 P 2 -J'
'B.C. (J) C, = -V
~ =9.di!' - !t B.c. (2) C2 =: ~
P 2 A
l-IAGEN-POlSEUILLE EQN. FROM 1-2
(NEGLE.CTlNG, MOM£NTUM)
b) v.. =-V-t ~~~'TJ(~J{~J]
Fa -~
L
= 32-" 11." = 11
D2 L
c) Q= "'evA = -ihfv+ alr~
32 .Ltv,
0'1
:L : : f (9 L
AZ _ Va::1.)
;u
- ~ h'"<:I"l cl~
2~ h J
Q= 1rD~Li," ~ = </Q
q) 7rD~ Q=Uh-P9 h"! +~3
:2.u 6.,u
1) = 1iDl/ [~t.r
121 G. L
- ~]
11" 2 DA# = vh _,.o:r h 3
:3).(
3./3 0= Ve Cr) ~
?12
tv ~= ~Ve 4!' ~ + Ve(r)~
dt dr dt
FOR FLUID dr=o:. dO': VeCr)d~
at di dt
P941X4!:1A~
d~ = ~ ~.} w = Ver ~2
X'
dt
APPLY MOMENTUM THEOREM TO
THE ILLUSTRATED (LfMENT ~ = ~(-~)
de r
~J=x =0
It-J THE UMIT dT ...... pg -= 0
d~
:. -d \I
dt FLUID
I --
- Ue
-;:-
:2. ,..
fl..,.
2
~= -pg
dy~ ,Lf.
49
8.~ BOUNDARY CONDITIONS;
@ '1 =0 V=R52 .0. c, ="R~
@ y =h V= 0 :. C2=R2-APh
h 2)lL
THUS
V=1?.l2(I-t)+ ~~"rr~r-*l
~b"/ -. FLOW RATE
--
/ Q=i"'vd~= h (I \ld~)= l<n.h_ A"Ph3
o ..b 2 12p.L
50
SHOWN BELOW' ARE THE' VELO-
CITY PROFILES FOR 3 CASES;
.6
Q=O
ruu, .
.tt
.2
8.10
~QJTk"6~ ls-
(1~
~== 2 J (V--P~PJ6
t::)
tr z ,,(e{~ik6+~}1-e(~,~)
!VET . I I
t { j
~'T~ f1..vx.- t ; Ar l
~ ~ 21v ~z ~
I"S~ SO Lf::tD
i:
W' +- 27f f( f A.t- -1'cr"r'l{ Lxi r.O
rt.(r r
~~
U'2, / dr-
AT ,-"z Q{ h 40;% ~
/ dr v
t.4US
pra: :z ~ ~e~n):'r)
1~004~ ~w Wrr'i q(Q)~
~v:zr7
Ufo % 2t(c~1h)\.~+~O-4)
52
CHAPTER q (0· \7) TELLS TH E ~ATE Ol='
CHA~bE "DVC TO MOTION.
'1.1
~D3
, 2
e~ c1r
t
r CONSIDER 2- DIM. PLOW
(I)
+ &~~!.:dV =0 CHANGE'S IN VOLUME
-I - ( i2 )( '32) ./
= (1'2'XW)
,. AT A -POINT
q.2 V = Vx
I"
~;c T ~ ~
,.. ~
t Vz fC.~ = lim ~V
t'7_~ fj dn ;}".. t~}+o AX'A~ .1l1t
y - ~ 1t.)C + ~ "''.1 t aZ eJ ~t
53
42 = ~o + d r dO + de ;;0 a.) FOR SlW\ALL V; ALL TE'RMS OF
dt ~ di dr" dt de
~( %f + 0 +vv) ARE SMALL
~ = ~V~ t ,- 1" aVe p- + v. ae
dr dr ~ r -e r W 'RELAnVE' TO THE' orHE~S
-T Ve~ie ?RESENT.
dr
l,) F"OR V V
~ -= ~ ~ +a\j~ +Vt"det"+ Ye~ SMALL. I3UT LJm6EJ.
V AUt:>
dB ae I'" ae ~ ae TH£ "P'Rot>CJG"T at=' SMAll
2~ ORDER OF l-AR~E :; MAI{"BE
SI6~IF1C.AklT COM1=>AR~D TO THE
REMA/NltJ~ 7eRM5.
~'-' ,..
~-:= :;}er ~ = ee~ = 0
dr ~e ar dr
HENCE I
i'
if
()
T Vx~~ T ~~ ='3x -;~
0 ()
~ = ;;Vr i(" -t dVe e + v'V':Z~
dr dr ar Q
:2 :;}~v.
A
'V Vx =~ = 1 2P
: = (~ - Ve)~r i-~~ t-V0 ~ ~'1~ ,.u 'dX
:. CONTINUITY IS SATISF/E!:>.
I2 IJ/~ +;~+-~~
ax cfll3'\=;lX' dCj 9r')J
AT ~= 100)000 tt-) V= 20) 000 fps:
+.£...(,ud~) of- C1 (.u a~)+~ 1M d~)
I2£ = ~~ 000 s+-/s Po e.- 1I. 91S" ax ~)( ay (}X ~l ~ W
DC- 22., 000 ff: a
= ~ (O.OI06)~ = a ()o96 Po
i-!x(M~)t~(Md~)+;0~)
s
tJOTF: \JHElJ =0 }'V-v A 15
CONSTAt-lT "TERMS '
~
~ (; ).{ V- v) f '7. (M ¥X )
AR£ 0 AND TERM ". (~'il Vx )
'BEcoMES ).).'0'2 V.x.
FOR 9 NEtSU6~LE')
f.lUAIm . 'BY V E VP
I ~
wHIC.H MOMENTUM: p (~ + V)C ~ Va~: :tf
ARE IN"ITRDFPENDENT; i.e. l'cu ax) ax
CAUSE i, EFFECT.
9.1"
.: MLJST LIE IN SAME -PLAN~
La') Usu:4TwG; .c ~(()kJ A~
IN ABSENC.E O~ V/SCO()S ~rTtVG 'O:wAl ~ L1?~20
FORCE'S
-- -.fJ
Dv _ -V?
I:>t
AND ~:: r) EC( E - ~ t<
y.!WS
Dv ~E'7E?M'NE'D 0"1 -\JP~ z direction
Dt (a"- .~ v. ~ ai)
PWc+ v7a r +~+v,-r;
J, HAS Pes/TIVE SENSE 6lVEN
1¥or+ ~2'J
~z +pg,+/J- [-1-a (av,)
2
=- r- +, ,
NEGLECTINg 9) p
rt't
av, v.%t' -
+v,-+-
ar r 0
i r
+v, ¥Z)'
z i,))+,a7{_~~+ij;,]
0 ~~
pVx ~
dx
= -p of" 4. [1.lp~tf"J.{itx
(jX <.it [~ 0.)( J oJ(
ap
=--+P8r+/J-[-(--(
ar
il 1 il
ar r ar
1
r
a ,
Iii?
2
ryao
• i,
Pz
Tw~&~ 9.{9
~ £;- 5" '(fS.DS
~ (P~3lYi)~ Jqr
or 2- 0 IJ direction
( /fiJ,
Pat
iJv.+.LV'+~~+~+Vz av,;(
"iJIJ /, Tz)
~IB 2 laP
= -- -+pg.+/L [iJ
1 iJ(} - ,
~
a, (1-, -iJiJr (ro.) ) +,. () +?2~+1z!J
IJ z .
dt r
tre :zfCr) ~ trrz~ -z0.
W~
U-sUKt ~-\6"~/~ T~
TJ.tt5~ \.-sTt«5 Lgr ~
at
peJi e..(n~\~))
or\: 1 ~
%
dr r dr 'J
~ .LQ...(rtJe}=:~
ra-r
~~
'tJe ~ ~I fur . . . Cz-
Ar Q. LYe ~ 2.12.-.1
/tr l4 L1 ~ I4. .a ~
lJe".!fe~n,t(Q:Q2Q~OJ~~.
r(' )..J?~~,
CHAPTER 10 =1r ~;;r (rVe) - 1.r ~
C1e
Wz = ar
~V9+!(\h
r' I)
_dVc)." Q.£D.
;]9
Ja'i V·O=1~(rvr)r..L~V9 =0
r ar (' ;;6
V'.O = J..r~
r Lar (tl)
'as
+ 9Vsl.= 0
O'6J
(9'1' tv.J - 0
10.2
~ ~r
b...;;. t3
-~
~
:. Vr
-
~y-
9
=~ ~: }
- . \viiiI
••
Ve
= -.g]J!
= -!f
-ar
~ tt~t
:. Q. E. D.
Wi! = ~ (0( +,s)
cAt. 2
la~ rb 5 3 5 2-
: lirK
At ...O
ifQ.r1-'1r (rv81rtAt"-r~I ...)Ar
1 -:: -- X. - xY
B....
At: S~ lJ":z V 0/ {bsnJ.J<XTY J
PoO - PC R) -= IZ u..,.2-
r 10.9 "Pi" pU 2
2
= CONSTANT
2 I~ ~ -=+>00" V2 = Vo02.
THU 5.1 "'Pot::) -1(0J -=,tJ \J w?· HENCE J \ Voa I -= \ vel:: 2 \b, si)19
:. U
2
= ~fP
,.0
=- ~
.002<f
VtM=126f~ sl~e =.5 .". e%! 30; ! ISO O
=126 t?S
a.) MAX.
b)
WIN]) YfLOOTV
OSIN6 ""BERNOULLI
10./0 a) <p =V... L [(::f - s:tJ
1=>00 -1=> = !!~2: I'~~ (~ t-= IOpsf
o= V rp =VX' €)( -r V~ e.~
VlI == ~
;; )( -= :3
---eU ( 2_ u 2)=a
>f -' ;)u
pUm2=3~ .... ~ : "$l
'R2 20
= J.q L-~ J
59
WHEN '-P=O j '1 =0 OR <j =!".J3 x W~£N ~=O ).
----l-----":~~x
4/::0 x
b) ¢= u,,¥!
Vx =- t} ¢ = u., 'j -= ~ 10.11 Cf= 2r35ln~ ~ e:J ~ '# 0J
ax T ~g
~: D (Se~ fc )TUQ) LQ 'f~~
V f(:
~= ~ = ~X' = -~ 3
afj 1: ax (6r9A~04~ +~~) ~
¥= ~
2L
u2
:l
l ' 'P= -\.lx, )(.1 +~(u)
+ f(:xI) - 21. \.J ~ ,2: r~ 1~ ASQ-ULtS
2s~~
8/~ r ;'PLar
WHEN 'V=O j '1 = :t X '('
~ '1'=0
------~+H~----X
'I' = ~
2.
~o.."
x -f(.!i)
x
+f(x) GB"~ Yzee ~ \2~ Q.
St, 0 '( Zilttl
IV = - ~ L ~~ to..,-'(~) T <3 (<j)
r ~2IilMit(.a \
e-+o ~w.e)
:. 'IJ= Vd)L[tcl~tl(t)-io.n-I(~~
10./3 ~VRCE AT ORI61N !.p= Wte -p + tpv::t = CONS.TANT
p2Tr
m == SOURC.£ STRE N6TH 'Poe t' f p uc%)~ = -p i- f pV2
FREE sTR EAM tp =Vc:o y O~ TUE HUT v= 2 (/a:I 'SI'rtlt
TOGETHfR tV= Va) g t- ~e
:. P="Poo t-! PVoD~[t-l{'5;",~e]
211"1'
Vr =! ~tp
,.. ae
=VcO C05e +..ttL
:.27Y' r F ~= ro £t'lleo2E-l/~;n~~ +45;~
~~ r'sine 'R~'rle de
Or' =0 @ $=11 F~ = 2 f' 14' Rr'LSin~e-~iYl~Iv\~
AT a =71 r= ~ _ Q. (;) de
zrrP l.4x,- 2'ii~
F~= 2.Rp~ [j- - 2'5," 2eoJ
lall.{ As ~iP = pDv
Dt
~~ =0 WHE'N
10./5'
LIFT FoRCE : F~
d,cj = d 1= ~iV1e
= CR1~lae -~ ." mosiY\ede
. t'ovt ~10'.e)
'..1
'"'
(ir
F~= Jo (1=>~-BYR'5IY\ed8
FROM BERNOULLI EQUATION
61
f
h.
-.1~___~--L
I ~5~ )6
Sr.tq.u..trl~ 'G/\Xj
G2.
C. A.7 Lt~s?~6. ~ ALL Tf«; h.olV
b~AT (,)0" W~
Q=~(2h)
h:z ~ = I.q z D.Cf>33W\
2o-lt) 2-S
d ~ tv1Axl),AJ.,W) ~ ~
'0,22.
\.EIlMM~ '" V Ple)
ZE,=O
d ,.GlT, p. ' GT
11 O-I:tr - ~ 1'P Ilt8d9
o
5 =0
T ~ 10.\ IzN
CHAPTER" r;r; = pa.. DbWC.~""p ; 11:= A'P
I fJDV
fI.r 1) (1..) cv ( 'Ii;) 112 -= p q Db w G Q j ~=~
p (MIL') Q (L~/tJ 'O'3w
H ( L) n =
17; f' a.. Db W c,,.a ; ~
77;= PDaW
(L/t2) "P (MLYt 3)
9
i = rt- r =- Z- 3 =S" I/.¥
CORE ($ROUP (p I "OJ w)
T
1l;=t1 (8Y INSPECT/ON)
11; =fQ, DbCJc H ~=~
tjI L
~
BV GEOMETRIC SIMILAR/TV:
d
.I
=.J2.L v= J.
3 V
~L '-m Lp
(~) = ~;
11.10 NAV/ER- STOKES EQUATION;
=0.1 Dv = Q _ vP + )) "12 V
'Dt ..J P
--. \1"", = _31 b V-p
NONDIME'NSJONALl2JNG;
MODel SPEeD = 31. 6 dlo OF
VC)C)2 DO ~ ,.. P' ;2 r7"~ I
S?E'ro O~ FULL SCALE SHIP. -
L
-
Dt
#' = S - ~L;:"'P~--
VoO v r"
2
+ J Voo 2 V'.,. 0:/1
11.9 RJR SIMILARITV ReM =~FULL. La
SCALE
T£MERATUR£ NOT GIVEN,! DO~_
- - -9L- v¥p*+-
J v~ o~
ASSUME 'H2 o = 10°C Dt* U~2 L~
I -- ITLvI ...u.,..--,
~
LJV I J ~ LF.s.
MASS TX COEF. K Lie
vF.s. 'DIffUSION CQEF. D Lo/t
~ h~ .J
VF,s.
Lm DISK DIAM. d L
ANGULAR VEL a.. \/t
Um = 1l,·2.4Cf·/o-6 .q :: 122.3~ DENSITV p M/L3
/.3 ·10-" 5 Visc.osrrv » MILt
K D d 0.. P M
M
L
t U
0
2
-I 0
0
I
-I
0
0
0
I
-3 -: )
-)
o 0
:. nD'W = t ( LID)
I
o
0
-/
O'R V\ L Yf -= f (LID)
11./3 tt\ L -t =
~ -pa.DIIa pc Q 'IT = ~
2 P <;(3
M-rn M 0 0
'D- L
P - m/L3
D
p ,0 I
-3
0
0
9 - l/t2 9 0 -2
(7- fV\lt:1 r:r 0 -2
BV INSPECTION
tLl6 FOR DYNAMIC SI MlLA'RIT'I,I)
67
/I. 11 AS5UMIN:S /NVISCID EQUATiONS)
~ DO = -tiP +PS
Dt
MAKIN6 EQUATION DIMENSION- 11./9 I=R =~~) r = &.
LEss: V
t£o
:= +(~
L
)t L~ I ~)
~2.
mode.! ~(( SCAle
V :2.sr""/s
L O.lfl n\ !2. '15" ~
OR
'f;L f(><L"J t~)
JL =
L
N 45'0 rpwt
_ \J ~
V =~ lM =671~'
VE LOC lTV 1r
v"" = O.qc;q I VJ::S. .~ ''5
~-~ L
F.S. F.e;.
Ou;~AtJ\C r "-
~~~ ,let::5~,
- ilt: \
QY.E.. ~~z~~+31~~-l) ~tVt~ l~(O~) tv5 I
D) ~) V f() ~7 {JD~V 7,
1ilu:; J
JIrD= ,~/ :lEi. ) Gli'l
I \.Z I 'I \ /«- 'j'V" )
E 0't cfr2-J I (L)
S (M/k1 ) t (T) 1\_'25 5StEW VA2L~ .
TIJ~ Is ~ 9IMENSt:)N~"5S A? (r!Lz.) ?(~-t!LZ.)
q~u? L.. Q( L'L/t ; L (L)
t=.t
-
~rS
Q(L)
, "'\
r2(L)
net-I)
We.~
f'S.,. lz.EtIs 1,.
@ T~lJS T~ ~LD £Sf; 4~~
VIA {~(D(;; WE UA~o 0/. 2i ~
~ug
4r ~ Z. tzEt 6JLt
'\)
~r j
/0 ._A.
J;.. ~N h:X7C~
.-7 L e
cit S "8 r4 ~ Q 6.111;, , i.Mr Grow
12_ ~ /:4\.i"2 It5
~ ~H.&) z ('?/~
~TAl.V~Q - ~Qh
L.
69
CHAPTER 12 1)= ~ pV2 PI ~=.l(.OO23?~JJr([;g"'AJ
2. 4 12
=202b~)(~O~p~} Ib f
2"15
3CO 25'9, ")15 ;"3 . lin
325 ,-ZI/I'I2 .2 ·373
a) WHEN p=. 000 'T3? ~IUlj5/r;p. 350
lfOO
302" ':;{/4 .I .21&
31f6, 02.1 .08 .220
V= 500 ""P'1
Of ::' 3Q21./ I~t ( 5232 hp)
V= 200 mpk
Df = 202b llof (IO~ hp)
FROM 13ERNOULLI
'j=O ;a
... cJ.x
EQVAnONV
- ,
:. ~ 2 VXI = - \/00 cJ. Va1
d~.2 ~ =0 ~ d.X.
-Veri)~ pvxd~
~ = II d vx\ == 7r)J. Voa>:
o r ~ ~::o a. d
~ (" EPv)(~&~ == ~p v"'~\t (dX '2.
ax )0 0.2 dx)o
,_ eos'Ti::5Lr dg
- 2-
IN LIMIT AS )(-+0; dS ~ 0
a)(
12.12
12.13 FOR THIS "REGIME) 1<& <:103
11771/11111/11//777/7/7 1I?e.= Dv @ 60 F G
J:zlL{t·IO-S"~2.
;( X'+dX J - J S
== j:pv/dY\XtAX - S: pV/dlj\x
~x
s: Sir15(~)d~) =¢ =fS\Y\~~ d~
= 2'19 /s
_ - Si\1 'I ~ cas ~ _! co.; ~ (Z +Slrt2~)
5 ,s 6) IRe = IQ.l ::: VD
J
=.!15 - J.
,~
cos. ~ {2. + S;r'l~~)-SiY1\cos~
5 U = (IQ:1X ISq'IO-~) = .IS fps
I/l/~
=~ ~ - G?s ~(gtq5in2~ t3sin~~] THIS INDICATES THAT THE
~Gl2= o.'1f[1-cas~('irl5in:li T3~in'l~li EXPRESSiON t5 VALID OVER
,) (2XI5) sin' x s;Y\~ A WIDE 'RANGE O~ VElOCITIES
a: 0..
(AT v= .ISfpsJ IT IS Nor VALID)
et.=: o.47)~-casl (~tL('Sil! +3~j,,«*~
~ VOl> Sil"l6~ 12.1'E D -= CoA ,oVco2.
a.
:2
As x-o dR. x«a. j = 631.1'0 N
74
POWER = 30ms (631.10)= 1095"o.Q\V
= 25". '1l1p
FoR b 'hI/s HEADWIND 12.22 3
1D = .S-(2.2~)(1.22b)C36)2. W=VV= t~VCoAJ2
2-
= '109. 6'1 N fo" :: O.CXJ2(9i9 5(~/fP'
PoWER :. 30 !t1 (qoq. 6'i ")
s ?ttO~ =6. ll' 220 7
=2721''1 W = 36.b hp a -, ~ ~
FOR 6 Y)1/s TAILLJ1ND W=~ .2b'R·ttJ (lOZ."1).?i(25.i3J
£!2:)
lD= .5'(2.2'1)(,.2.2')(24)2-
2. : 19.~ Yp
;;: "I (j/. 2. 'HJ
'PoWER -= 30 ~ (L104.2Q ~)
b W= gEE ~:: 15.70 tr
5>0
:::: 1212<1 W =16.3hp
IZ.Z3
~\ F
<.:Ay T=UJ -p"? O.{{i8·fO-? ~"l
6
'v
12./9 L= CL ~ pv 2 A
;;: a4(1.22'}(~4.7)2('2.2'i) CL. ~:: '{Q:: 139.3 '2.~IiL
~ 7 D,I~-{6-3
::: 1122 N = 2~.2 \bf
~ = 2f)2, au ~ %0.4 I
=~ P V2 Co A~
b_1kt~ ~ =~ SN'LC't> A12-
12.:20 D'R A6
FOR EQLJAL DRA~ AT TIlE
SAME S"PE ED <;A6R= Ct,AI~ATE <' Mi='0 ??~u
. ) -- . __ ..~~(··_/~
C)\...... ~if
~.J64 V
J
CD 11>
7.5 gz.lB ~ .072- If.2~ W: S~ Ot; = o. 52~'b
10 12'Z.9(
A6 .1014 L= W~ ~gV'2,A~CL
15 'B4.% .47 .(~ Ae ~.B{ 1~1. / C,-:% O. 224
2
.2 /
I
S~ U-Y(k',D)i G ..Tm;
I
f NAVl6Q- - ~~ ~ At-
T~ lJtu 1-
/
JL ~ :d?-tJ(Uf~
8y1 .r~d)( iJ( Y20
1b
~A~\3
I~ .. '
I= ~f\J~~~jh/(Ja>
ls- lYm M5W WIND ~
%
TI-lOS
~~·~W~5PmD ZI?e :%.lJ~ .lY~~~'\~'L
12e2kjJ.a:me~y
""" O:(1~3r)
12e=~ I.,O.I (Iae~ 2:91t0e i~~
2 128 (~+Vt~~+tft.lf:'
%
'~:2.
NOTb. T~-rUi; Buz. ~
Nor 'Stow ~1Z.L~ \)J
~ 155
77
x 1Re.x dLJ~ ~~ G4't1
0 0 0 0
.I 2·1()5 .111 0.321
.5" .2«19 I. Jt'
I .352 2.0'3
2 .'1Ql 3.SQ'
I
'I TRAHsmON Pol NT = J+n
~=2'ltfi
FOR TURBULENT FLO\J~
d' _ O.3'g1 IF Y);: 1./
X - (""Rc).2
f.JAR
~-
--
x
I 2.
X, me~
13"'7 v= AQ ==l((.u;)4.
.~b = 0. 3'1 Hot/s
13. S' ~L = Lv = (Y2)( LlO}3 = \-:l~ ZOO .7
T
J} .Isq .,0-
LJ
\'vxmc..x ~tl1Q.X'
)-V _ I3.2ct
I
= 0.07-2 == 0.006"07 -
AY = 1.~'2. ~tH 0
.~:z
0
• CJ()l/
0
.2S1
.ofq .1./92 .3f1S-
c) CORE .126 .5S3 .4112
1'5"-I.?£" = 73.25'" ......... ./68 .601 • ~6b
.2.10 .6QO • 5/2
.:25:2 .61~ .5SQ
13.&' MOMENTUM ,- pV2
EN ERG Y ,,-.J P v3 ON 6RAPH:
@1i?e -= IO~ .&- =~·S-Jk)CO.2,\ \) MoM-LAM 3) MoM-TURB
6L l-s i~ ~~S- J 2) ENER6.Y-LAM q) ENER6'1-TlJRB
= 2. '3'1 J.o
v= V«)f(~) .X
MoMENTUM =pVoo2 f2.(-rJ .6
MOMENTUM
P ~2
nuX' = f 2(iJ .q
.2
ENER§V ~LUX = f3~) OL-~~~--~~---
() .2 .'1 .6 .8" /.0
Y2f1~3
M
pV• .2
£-L
,~pVco3.
LAMINAR;
M
p Veo 2
= sin2.(i 1J) L
r3.Q "'ORA6 =CfL ~pv2A -2SIDE5
E
~pV~3
= SiY13j~ 1r)
\-CL 2
A = T·l/O·2= SbOfP-
D= ~(.OO20qqX205)2(S60)CfL
= 2~" JEq .eft. Ibf-
~ ~It{~ rrt) pVoo2.
..M- E
~L &1- Z ~pV~ "IRe. = vL - 205·? - 'Z IL/O 000
1) - 3~6'1'IO-7 - J .I
0 0 0 0 • D02.0~
.1 .J5'b .021./1/ .OO3E
.3 · 'I5S' .~ol .Oqq 0.) LAMINJ¥R
.5 · ?O1' • SOO .355" CfL =1.32X' = 0. OOL/65'
.1
.q
· Zq
.qq
.195
.t/f
.?aK
.'i7
~
1.0 l. 00 J .00 /.00 D= 11.26 Ibl
b) TURBULE'NT
O.OS'1&
cfj( = (vx/lJf2
79
4L:: 0.072 :: O.Oo2QQ eft = 0.0000664
~.2
L D= 265"6 N
$:. 5".2,0 =. S'/O-2~ ::" . 5"em
fl/·/oJ
13.10 ~)< =\0" 13.12 0.) J"~= 1,(1- ~.&)cl'j
COM"PA'RE'C" ~ CfX
a) LAMlNAR ~:: S"x
fi& = ~ s: (1- ~) d(~)
TURBULENT s:" _ •3?6 ~
'1" - 1Re.X • 2 LET ~ = t{
C;- _ .3=1€,'ii"".).3 LJ ':UJ
J~ (. ~1 I
~ - ~ If"e :: -"T7
~ = )0 ~ -(1J d~ = 1- lti;-
b) LAMINAR Cfx= ~tt
I +YI
TURBULENT CfJ( =.OS''7~
'iRe)( .2
1"3.11 Tl1R13ULENT:
o _ o. 3~ C _ o. on. = $ V1
X - "Re".2 tt. - ~L..4. (rt+lX (lt2) .
1Re - V.L
L-7 c) 2 + .E! = 2 +(21X"H'2)
T= 2oD C, J=IO-b ~}§ e (~)CV\)
=~ ·IOOO·JIC)O''1·200
=1I./0'7Cf N
Bo
T\-IE SOLUTION \5
u= eSA{
= vx~ d lJxJ"(2+3"\e +- v~ de
U =Q x -t C..I c= ul){=o
,dx 11 j dx
I~J"
MULTfPL Y eY ekI AND NOTE TM£:A<XS»tE1;> A~ tSb
eX! de = %Je 5N ~ Tm:.. VIcM~IM~
S1tn>~ ~~ &t~
;L deSfil + e5~(2 +3,,') d v'x~ ~b-r~~
5' dx \14 n} clx ~v,lk(~~~
~DtS~~<1~
=0.0225 fr~+I~(Y1tiJ~ (~J~ hJ 8~£·
~ + 'PC)() U =QU() ( l)
WHERE ~} = ~(2t-3"\dIAtVxi
Li Yl"} r).y.
EQUATIONO) J5 KNOWN AS A
L1N~AR FIRST ORDER
DIFFERENTIA L EQUATION
~VX (~)Vn -'-
= V;t"R
M
oCj ~
'3.I8VlC'''(~yJ=~O) t ~~./L x AS ~~o ~Vx~(;x,
c;1~
+ ~Vx'L
~ y + 7'l1!...2 + d2.Vx'/.f
X~ ;;y 2 2. 0 Z
As Y=>"R ~ vx ~ v""
~'1 ttl<
T ~VX'I X~· ••
"
~J(d~ 0
COMPARING COEFFICIENTS OF
X-/X/ ¢ ~' TERMS.. WE OBTAIN
HENCE ~:'(XICj J = ~ y +S y2
+ C3XY t-
BZ.
CHAPTER ~ ~ == ~o...~ J "P2 :. 300 \<'?~
Q == O. 56 w.~
ru V = ~ = '0 ~'~~o.J ·~s S
~ (o~~'f ff)2 J= 4.~)(IO-b Ml\2.J!:>
~D~.111
q .b3 ps~
p= ~.;.[~¥, + ?j;; +~-i:'lf"J
l'i.2
2 \1 L = 2 tf .b.}L2
o ~
'i c:J
oR Q = 2. 60 ff~n1in, = "lettS ~~ ~~ =~p~ ::. if.XV1·¥;lO'.Sb ~ 4441
N. '3 (i)~
____
_____
?= 4'141 (25',2 -250 r/2/":1)
Ar 2c?O~ ::: '/,413 I 30b . IJ, "'1/5
;::-250-" 'D= .b2~ ~
2
= ~~ 13 KW DR.. 6"'Q,! hp
S3
W.G ~ 'P.: A"P, +- A ~ + 6 'ij
GIVEN "PIPE J I) A? MAltv' n> 'P'~E
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~+~=rpt~
P :z. ,a T t#o
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L ~
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f'3 2g 0 ;;z.~
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== o. q,S c f's
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"'.11 UESTIMATE:
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v2 2 q An= v~ 25' fps (A 11 =10')
'2" 1)IA
1UI5 IS A MAX. WITH NO LOSSES
LINE USINq hL = K3L.l == V2 DUE TO A
?>fTWEEN I E2 I
2 2-
<j('12 -~,)of-V:22_v.2+ 'P:a.-P,::: 0 SUDOEN OPENIN6 AT ENTRANCE
2 to (SEE (;c. Ii -p. 79) v2 =
SAh
-20~ T '1/2.
2
+ 1'z - ?..rrM
P
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BETWEEN 2.f3 WITH WATER @ ~OoFI ~-=b10c0
~
2. a" J I Z 2 +-
.2
V3 - V2 + "PATM -'Pa t- hL =0
2 P :: 11(2 + t4 fr~)
ADDING : -20~ + V32. + hL =0
2 .!: :: 2~6 (FULLY DE:VELOPEO)
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Aa D
2
nL = ( \ IS • O.? +- J) 2V ~
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5
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= 2QO.3
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+ _DfI (INITIAL caSi)
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t>
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I)RUB6ER HOSE IS SMODTH
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ST~EL "D"RAWN TUBING IS o'*'
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dpore = 14.3 nm
O
DOA-H20 I D S-H20 = 0.394
<PB = 0.729 <PA= 0.288
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e' 'r::::. 4 X flJ-3 j1'/) CIf =~,tJ2
= 41',50
~~ 0/ (j 1. ::. (-'I 'f. !O~,) C1 +- I), J
Dff,!;:: / b (;'1 374)(0, 201) -:=:: 0. b? / 'J.. ~ (, .:::-~()
(1)(4f~~t» ~
C14 (vtll/e):.: -:l.t; l: Lm) f-~, /
m3
Cz J.fs-.d II .ft,r~uJh a It"
s- ~L~ ~:~~k{~)
C == E-.::: /,/J13)( /6 ~
r<. r ( 8,3/1 ~ 'm g 'fZf3 K) ;- (1~,{'/ ~;;J-){I,fJK/i~:2)~ (-h)
WI/JIeIK
::. -1 3,(J!;- m~ (), 1)1 WI
1'1"'1.3
-::. til ~/ x 10-3 ~/e
In"-·5
z 4- I" It ,'0
::::- ').,1/;t:. I a- 4 Mole 1m:;', S \
~ ==:. VRSL. (Cft - Ctt ) ;;. lor 7
B I ;2,.
~ I~. . ~)
-:::: II S 8 1.. Itt' /nIJ/e ImJ.. s c:t l - CR .2;: -k.£V2..- 1lj1 ~ "kt;f, . "-12. :J.
CA == C1 if +- c~
@ t == {).J ell/:; 9d7 .:: c;.
(J t::'::; /Or"r1i"Y} C;,:::- ~ '117 ~ -t:tvYJ rn) t-
hi • m", 9,17
eft ;: -(},.'1I1
:<'''/~
/VI1~ =:.. POrtS k ('~tfr7-)
R1(2.:;..-l:.,) 1-'3"1
D4-13 "'~./..L.,
' '" P '/
PDfl8-
,...~ L.P:;. /
P
I nie(I)c~I1Jenir flf tfr'essuV"9 s-
IPttZ /5X 10 ~
11 0 Chanqe In ("It-! X
a (jh{) =- I X ItYFa
W6 ~ - c DAf!, d$Ja +- ~6 (N~ f- He)
z- d~ ~ LtJl1! fctbe,; tlse C/jhndnf'(1/
~ 1_- LIc1 r1
COl'lce V)TlC'lT
.e 1/ I f<. flow Cot) V'd Ii? t1 fe s
%r -=- - C l1t.e d~
r'
+ Yft (ll,t
'r
tI\~;
t?e,
NfI't = - C DA-t3 ~~
bJ C~Y?cen.fygl/t)rJ (DYt)/iie: 1-'fA dr
<:?J 0
L
dY'
(r NlfV');::: .sL(t' dCA ) = 0
cdr;rF ~ R.
J
( ::;rr r" Nn~ dr. = ::71cQ'1
r'A 8
f- A!JIL
I-tift
~ )j14 s
Y'&;:"CI
dr @t ~ t:)) Y':::.. S"rnrn':::' 6r ()() 5'm
C.1':::: C; ~r t- C2. fP
ftI, 0= 311f:L4mm Id)/~ / SeJ
7' >< ~ x 0 r 0..
~ ri~ 5'mm ~.:: ett,L
r<. r
(p(J vr/m
It.
::. 1J 'J.1 1.8 ?a.
Clti == ffr..= 1,5;( /tJ5'Ii -=- to/.59 t'Ilaje.
~lts: 't :J.~/I f:fl. .:; . OrO 117
(ogS 11 fi'!!;'X~'I3K) rn3 . /,61.3 '/.)0
5
&
Vfjo/:;'[<
~ '("0 -= !mrn
c..no :. /,() 1- lOs-~ ::::
I"~
1- j. 0 f:) In-P./.!'E.. ~ [- /;-CJ '" 2'frc Ull5 Ge[i;;r5tJ
(g,311 Pa ,m3 1...2 ~51<)
Wit ( -kJ:= ;2.jrc 1JfifJ ,t,(I, D1S~)
fY}3
mo)el<
411y"~~
~ r
fc;k =- 1trcQ, f
r~ '?f1J
/i)dff'tr
/-'1
J,~
,IT
~ Ins t7 fr
~*'c ~6 Rtr. (1.0<130'" -/J, oss-If7Id 1(}1 ~ [-kJ :: 41r'C ~t!J ,)t1 [-I~)
m~/e,1< 7r;t' Rf
C~D ~[t-rw 7;: tr ::: -ft#(r<dR.
::. 1-. al.l K /~... ~p/e /cltl Q '(/"'$ I:> ~ ~
O~(3 .= o/),t,() ~~( .X>~ ~ d '~/ ~ c~
s :L'1I') -- ,;trt> S
d4c; ~!f-tns1 ~ .~ f-!.!!i! [1(/"-8/1
J.1A- :l..
-~
(1.112 '1./0 lI1.P.leXO,~h~ C.!ll-Vo,(1)'f) t- Ii .c.. tJ.tJ/rn 1ft.".~ I;t. /0 -4rn 2-
Cmo :s A
aoS5'~ 1r14)~ ( {(),5('.WJJ~- D) Rf =~, PCJ~$" 'Y: : : '{.)..5'J< la-£m
'Z. ~
-5 ~
~
1 l. :2.
CM ~i - ~ == r."!75'x../~ Ir?
1~25c~
I y
() <:>
'l-';I} 1- jj ; : fo .vYc"2. = -;¥to 1...
r
lAfo.::: -:2..;( Lc4+e ((1.:2.J) c Otff8(q,:J.I) t;:: - ff/'~ (~Jr
1-
1-" (~) ?c/l't- 0 ...
r.-:::/ (1;:.::./
C
-: : . ~, ~J"
mtJle.",
j,h,s.
x /; ~IJJe (em!
CORe ((J,)'J)f:' -= (.2, ~ I$'~ JO~~7~J.t,..vJt'
~f5 O#J7S~2(~XJlO{)K. fz
:: Pc / J '-. 3.1
'2, j)5 C!!, "$
s .2. ah-n ':)73k..) 111Jm ,lf>
:;:! (),70! Cm2.= J,tJixl;~Ys ::: /./6'" )( li~t
s 6
r=-lr1lf'b
~ I:::. 0 • r:~, 615""111"::" l6tJW/:: b
<J
)N'fi- (4 Xta 4) 1 dt
500
o (J'5d~ - 2;)2
;:. c. Vftfj fifo, /P - /J,;)
tfoo ,)
:2d.l1- ~ (4 x104) L~.c- Ja ;::, c ~rC(!>. 5)
___ ~m--~
~ l4'1.I0 )C;tf)) ~ c11trprr{rJIS)
4
,,--J
O,I5'm- -, - , - --(j.()5'fY/
'st(r?'''' )
di!:. '~Az
::--u .J. rill;..Ill; /s cons}4nf
o ,)
1! -Nft.;;
NAt":; -c D/18 iff tl(J,j~l!!~E:)
NAt =- -Nl6.c as ~ &,13
a) PrlKe _p ,
/J,r ds %' ~,5')( / [} 1-1 :-:. (), ~$-'
d ppre I -;<ftJ- i f1"l
c:::: f.. .:: /1 ~ 1'3 X /05'~ :::: 4t1,/19m4 OIlKe~ O;B 1[(4) lictp)
~I (l311 PrJ,.m')(;'9f1K) rn
mtJ/e·f::,. -:: (I x /O-(()Yl;X)(O.~b~(arrt;J,)
A;= :t WI
-S'
7,'Z]xlo mj/~/s
~ ml.
MA = 131.4 kg/kgmole
3
R= 0.08206 m atm / kgmole K
2
DAB = 0.088 cm /s
To= 308 K
p= 1.0 atm
D= 2.0 m
f, in (N t1i~) ~ rJA~
C s c7es
0;(3 -:: ;. ')..9hf~1'()J :::.3,5:24
2.
~13':<':; 1.1,116
r=ft.f3 ~'~----
HA?:. (I -t ~ ):=:=
o,k. s
C.!li6
()
~ ({ +'I(to)
.
7<=:?" V(53,3X:z0 7,t:, =- 13,/15'
.1<'( ::::~, ?tJo ::;:. IO.f). 'J10 -Q7Jt:; pjfrl:' =: eTAS h (I + !Iff,,]
e:fli3 t3.145 )
I 1- D196
0 =- 0, ~{)/J'$g (').Z!JOtJ)(f),7:L&O) o~s
116
=5:'77 x /O~h11S IZ (),57J mrs / t- DAB;:.
cSk$
J f S;11;<"lo~cm~k::::. r.t.4
@tM)((.:2.5'~)
Ii ,,(9r3S5x.lc/~.
/'VAt: - . m3 _
XO,571tj!)-tn{J,:;)
_
I
V'
0, i'"~ o 2 S{;1
1
de; C~}
.sL dz- -- 0 d Cfj. ;:; 111_ rdr -!1l. R?- d'r'
2~6 ~DFtB 7
CfJI ::: 0~ j- c~
@! c ;:. CJ c; -: : :A, 5't,;f- M;e:=. C;l.- Cir == !1L r '"-ttL r<.f ~ r t- C.2.
1- 7)1113 '). CJtf;
@ z- ::. 3. '2. )(. lIP-~
I'yt G =-7t~, f?
I @ y=-- R..1...) Cit-=- ~s =- ~
Gg -= - 7~ 2. f'r; (m) r- .<..s~1- If
W/tJ/e
= /, 212.. ~i6~ /IJ1 b lekrn3
2£,2..3
111-=- 0; 2... ~ mAle.> / 0 -It /.
-L- d [t" /.111 ]
V' cJ'r II'"
=~ fYl m J, hY'::: (0, 74 )<./1) ~
emil, S'
T'\ -5' 1.
!VA- = - DI1B defT. Vll6 .::. ?~, I x Jt) em ~
dr"
PA§.
V'
Ii [ r dJA..J ,-: .
d.~"d r
fyl
2'.24
A::: ~ lufora/Jehlde
J¥.: Jre =
If
:2. 11 ~ L N~ r =:; 2.. 11 r< L t- f)N3did)
dr
) B.::free om/l1e
r<.
froWi "-(,,;;3
" ~WAr !~t.r -: : -1rr~ 1d~
4f7'r
~ ~ r~ ~c.
0
Rs ~ o,~!> t YY'
/'fA
11/ [.L - L ] ~ 411 /:k.!) C"S
P.. r~·
1<.'2.;;: 0, 7~ c.m,
j}(I'r::; -4 jr'[1, 8 Cfi s
L """ 15" em·
[ ;f{ - 'Ire]
r2e.Cl-<::- !Ibn /'5 cO/YJ(//efe aJhen IC. =0.
t=- li._L- [K_l<j
M~ :lDIf f3 efts ~ 3
-: . fl- Ii --1-- - ~
/iflf!, :ll#B~5 ~
~ -4
~::: 3{JO mole.>
M(6 m~
-.= j;<./() moles
em 3
Pi. ~CCti~-~3) ~ C}J.8 ~ [1- )fIT).
I em :l em /- Vhl
J
($ ><. );~()k.s) ((J, 15cm1J -s
-t : :": CvJ1 3 I~ (c. -0)==
I
I em-Itt<-
1:<.. (1,1 x lo8c-¥XJxl;S",,!:oj,~) &,:1..3 )(~~ ~1I5)atl- /pi. 1
-;'CfY? /J,9'P-Ri
:::.. /, J'llK It) q;s :::::; 332.5' hr
C : ;: :. ~2S7 £JI-tRJ.- ]
~~ ta96~~
SpY'e4d sltee /:- used h eva/l(qle
~f1~ and (JA-i- tJn
t ;: E(yc.) ett.li/;'br/ctm lIne,
/"," I .~
F: / +
~~r.
I {/
I ''IAr
13.=: 37~ K J it13:: a iPS-
U (- 3 fi(~ ~ ur; tg.)
1i:
L:::. 1m
\1, Nit T 2'~ ,#( ()
Ba615':
~. - I
jr (r:l.~r)=- 0 J r~r;i> ~ --11/ Cr;-7j)
tdf1J-hYJI:
1
=~t7tl/: ca~ 73 -7;.),. f~)1~tAu:
Chec-k fp s.ee 1/ nilIII r4 /
Convectldn IfI1O:>tJrtt'll1f:
!Veed tt ~ ohi-'41r;
.
t f;/t)"J /r
'I"'/J
fr'()Ou! (' fIe s
ryuJ (Inti (In'/J'''J 4SSUfJ1e f.::]:I.J'k
:1~(Ir Up 7 )
o ~G :: (),:u, () ".!J).f4 (W)
Nflrr =- - C 1)116 r!.!b- f 'jr:d ~ r- tJ}l~ r", S ;;''13 I. UN)
dr-
=O,35~ tm%
Nftr :: -c Dt48 diB
R.~8
(- fA d".
1't
NAt'': e V"B .In. C:-1i4J
rNftr fR ~ -: : . C DlTa (- ~tp Rk[~S]
V
Vff~
I-,/t+ :: (3. 1'11){ lri~
cm.5
X'o.1.5?J 'I)in (f~)
{.1I6
k [%!-]
rN/tr Rm(f{jj) =: ~ 11,1< ~1/~'~5] (4 em)
R r I-yflfo :::.- - f. () 17 x li-1- mole s/em2. s
Nt3;/::' -O,9tJ9 1v'A-c ..,. Ct}. '5m h (r ,r:klf DfJj!.) :::: tt't r
Nit 2-;;
c;;
- c lJ"e; ci..jp
d 2:-
f U(t (~ - 0/1() f/
if~,
NIt;; @ r::: 0 J fI:;: () and (!./ :::. CJ
hir sphey-e:
J- d (rJ..N ) -;::;~.1 elf
yJi. JY- t1 r I
~ ~ - T;?,q~
r dY'
- [)RI!
r2. d r
sL (V'/),JCn)
;J1 == - Ie( eLln
0.. d-: (y2. ci..1t):=:
r d,;' ct r DfJ$
~I Crr (a.)
t
L - 8:.:, l L n 1'1't'os ( r;J[.fi) e :;III!; ?.rr'1-
Jell; = C f1 ;5 [_ -17
d e:- {n
L. 1:t' I) :::. I- I-
fir:>! htJuY' 1/;4/ IV/t.-z: Is (!/o.>e 1C7~eVtf al.z-:::;L CIS rhtf' CpJ')/n'/
/1 I,lL"!' ;'/,;./, ~j
vV'/ t-Ime !.5' >",;1/ h'?# ~t;t' ?t!/ ",; /!' - ()t7'C1 nc t/4'1'1,;) r'..
12;7
,~. __ ~~"_ ". F"~
A- n-octane L- 100.00 an
T- 15.0 "C e- 1.00
DAB- 0.OS73 arr/B«- d- 2.00 an
e2DAB - 0.0S73 arr/-. w- l00.00.an
PA·- 1039 Pa MA- 114.00 kgIkgmo\e
PT- 101300 Pa PA.I! - 0.703 r/an'
cAI - 4.340B-07 grmle{cm' mAl- 14.06 kg
;
Series Term II = 1 .8.158B-Ol -6.656B-Ol .3.614B-Ol ·1306B-0l -4.720&02 ·1.706B-02
! 2
3
4.430B-Ol
·1.601B-Ol
1.962B-Ol
.2.563&02
1.706B-02
.1.OS2B-04
2.910&04
.1.106B-08
4.964B-06
·1.163B-12
8.467B-08
·1.223B-16
!, 4
5
3.851&02
-6.165B-03
1.483B-03
·3.800B-05
8.467B-08
.8.904B-12
7.169B-15
·7.928B-23
6.070&22
.7.060B-34
5.140B-29
-6.286&45
II 6
7
8
6.569B-04
-4.658B-OS
2.199B-06
4315B-07
·2.170B-09
4.835B-12
1.223B-16
.2.194B-22
5.140B-29
1.496&32
-4.813E-44
2.642&51
1.829B-48
·I.1lS6B-65
13S8B-85
2.237£.64
.2.316&87
6.980B-114
I• 9
10
11
.6.908E-os
1.444B-09
·2.010B-ll
-4.772£.15
2.086&18
-4.040B-22
.1.573£.36
6.286&45
.3.281B-54
·2A74B-72
3.951£.89
·1.077B-I07
·3.891B-I08
2.484B-133
·3.533B-161
-6,12OB-144
1.561B-177
·1.159B-214
I
i
12
13
1.862&13
·1.148&15
3.466&26
.1311B-3O
2.237£.64
.1.992£.75
5.004B-128
·3.967B-lSO
1.119B-191
·7.903B-22S
2.504B-255
·1.574B-299
.i 14
15
4.109B-18
·1.286&20
2.218B-35
·1.654B-40
2.316&81
·3.518B-l00
5366&114
·1.238B-199
1.243B-260
-4.356B.299
o.oOOB..oo
o.oOOB-tOO
I
t
16
11
2.338&23
·2.828B-26
5.464£.46
·1.991B-52
6.98OB-114
.1.808B-128
4.812£.227
·3.211B-256
O.OOOB-tOO
O.OOOB-tOO
O.OOOB-tOO
O.OOOB..oo
18 2.277B-29 5.184B-58 6.12OB-144 3.745B-281 O.OOOB-tOO o.oOOB-tOO
19 ·1220&32 ·1.489£.64 .2.705B-160 O.OOOB-tOO 0.000B-t00 O.OOOB..oo t
Series Term II = 20 ~52&36 1.894B-11 1.561B-177 O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOO • 0.000&+00]
<o)t1
61117.f<lr~;ftlr
'-'
Zt;r:l[) f::; (;l..
~?£
, i;t!1t? rejtllred !c;r- fl?/j (f) "':/YJrt; ttJt?5 de fenr?lflc,1 t4$/11Jj //1" f~'
1- ~---.---.--.---~.-~' -
PROBLEM 27.1 BXCEL SPREADSHEET PART B
,i
A= n-octane L= 100.00 em
T= 15.0°C £= 1.00 t,~ 511r5' !;;/ts
2
DAB = 0.0573 em /sec d= 2.00 em
£2 DAB = 0.0573 em /sec
2
W= 100.00 em (basis) i ( Cale t4 (alk! /~ $ 1!111C!t'e'd
PA*= 1039 Pa MA= 114.00 kgIkgmole
.
0.703 g/crn
3
n-oc';(1 f)6' l/t:YH!)' ..5////
PT= 101300 Pa PA,Iiq =
eAa= 4.340B-07 gmoIe/em
3
rnAf= 14.06 kg It Id t{j;,f,1/v[
i'j' ·//;e
. I, .•
t- 2.592H+05 sec
/1 111/ l u i l;;;/M t- 7200 h
C ... & 0.675 gmole,b!'
,'I ~ -'1 i.
Due Iz> ,sfflCl/;
/ I r'/
{J;;t' r'U,s/c// 1(/ \ 1)( If)if ") iI Term Summation % OJange
9.98&02 9.983&02
ClrJd /tJnJ d,.s/Qn~/ /h/6' CL. 3
5
9.85&02
9.59&02
1.983E-Ol
2942&01
49.67
32.59
.5C>ff/I:'- II? hY71 Ie' dl / /JI S fa n 7 9.21&02 3.864E-Ol 23.84
9 8.72E-02 4.736E-Ol 18.42
11 8.15&02 5.551E-Ol 14.68
~J1:. :::;
e) t;-
n ir.
!,//f6 ~
c
@ f:.:[) ) 14 :: CAd =() 13
15
7.50&02
6.79&02
6.300E-Ol
6.979E-Ol
11.90
9.73
dl:2. 17 6.05&02 7.585E-01 7.98
a~:J t~, Cit:; ~s (j) ~::CJ 19 5.30&02 8.115E-Ol 6.S4
21 4.56&02 8.571E-Ol 5.32
Cf'W ~ CA~ "" /) 23
2S
3.84&02
3.15&02
8.955E-Ol
9.VOE-Ol
4.29
3.40
V 2.52E-02 9.522&01 265
29 1.95&02 9.717E-01 201
~7,3
31 1.44&02 9.862&01 1.46
33 1.00&02 9.962&01 1.01
z.::. 6"cm::- c::? cPS J11
S.,...
35
37
6.36E-03
3.35E-03
1.0038+00
1.006B+00
0.63
0.33
t =: 72. h;p" ::: ~,,$"'/ '!< /0 .s 39
41
9.686-04
-8.32&04
1.0078+00
1.006B+00
0.10
0.08
43 -212&03 1.0048+00 0.21
o.o5m 45 -2.97E-03 1.0018+00 0.30
dI5StJ/I/'C"/ III (j}llfr:-r-s't1 ft1t C'lled .5cti/ /.$ 95 3.86E-05 9.718E-Ol 0.00
97 3.11E-05 9.718E-Ol 0.00
99 243E-OS 9.719E-Ol 0.00
jli/eh bj/ 101 1.84E-05 9.719E-Ol 0.00
2. "J, 4-
ell-CAS _
..0
1- ~ .LSinlr11t'~'e
- n~~OA-8 -t4/' :4
-trLh LI-/
CR t) - 'its Y/-I
tvhere "'X1:::'l::....::::
')...
/m
~
n Tenn Summation % Olange 21 1. 84E-03 2.650E-01 0.7
1 1.16E+OO 1.160E+OO 23 1.53E-03 2.665E-01 0.6
3 -1.84E-Ol 9.763E-Ol
j
18.8 : 25 1.30E-03 2.678E-01 0.5
5 2.50E-02 1.001E+OO 2.5 27 1. llE-03 2.689E-01 0.4 :
7 -1.92E-03 9.994E-Ol 0.2 29 9.64E-04 2. 699B-01 0.4
9 7.67E-05 9.995E-Ol 0.0 31 8.43E-04 2.707E-01 0.3
11 -1.53E-06 9.995E-Ol 0.0 33 7.44E-04 2.715E-01 0.3
13 1.50E-08 Q.995E-Ol 0.0 35 6. 62E-04 2.721E-01 0.2
15 -7. 19E;.11 9.995E-01 0.0 37 5.92E~ 2.727E-01 0.2
17 1. 67E-13 9.995E-01 0.0 , 39 5.33E-04 2.733E-01 0.2
19 -1.86E-16 9.995E-01 0.0 41 4. 82E-04 2.737E-01 0.2
21 1.00E-19 9.995E-01 0.0 43 4.38E~ 2.742E-01 0.2
23 -2.59E-23 9.995E-01 0.0 45 4.00E-04 2.746E-Ol 0.1
25 3.21E-27 9.995E-01 0.0 47 3.67E-04 2.749B-01 0.1
-~'-'--- -----.....:..........--.---.-----~--
').41
I:/. I g
f ("-1 tCS) dJ eY'fctP)
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