Applications of the Laws of Logarithm

Write the following in expanded form:

1. log 4 𝑥𝑦
Solution:
log 4 𝑥𝑦 = log 4 𝑥 + log 4 𝑦
𝑙
2. log10 𝑝
Solution:
𝑙
log10 = log 𝑙 − log 𝑝
𝑝
3. log 3 𝑥 4
Solution:
log 3 𝑥 4 = 4 log 3 𝑥
4. log 5 3√𝑦
Solution:
1 1
log 5 3√𝑦 = log 5 𝑦 3 = log 5 𝑦
3
5. log 4 𝑥 3 𝑦 2
Solution:
log 4 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 = log 4 𝑥 3 + log 4 𝑦 2 = 3 log 4 𝑥 + 2 log 4 𝑦
𝑥
6. log 5 √𝑦 5
Solution:
𝑥 √𝑥 1 5 1 5
5 = log 𝑥 2 − log 𝑦 2 = log 𝑥 − log 𝑦
log 5 √ = log 5 = log 5 √ 𝑥 − log 5 √𝑦 5 5 5
𝑦5 √𝑦 5 2 2 5
𝑦
7. log 3 𝑥
Solution:
𝑦
log 3 = log 3 𝑦 − log 3 𝑥
𝑥
8. log 6 2𝑥𝑞
Solution:
log 6 2𝑥𝑞 = log 6 2 + log 6 𝑥 + log 6 𝑞
5
9. log 2 √6
Solution:
5
1 1
log 2 √6 = log 2 65 = log 6
5 2

Answer the following for your practice

1. log 2 𝑥 4 𝑦 3
𝑥2
2. log 3 √ 𝑦
3. log 5 6𝑥 3 𝑦 3
4. log 4 (4𝑦𝑧)3
Express the following as a single logarithm.
1. 3 log 3 𝑥 + log 3 𝑦
Solution:
𝑥3
3 log 3 𝑥 + log 3 𝑦 = log 3 𝑥 3 + log 3 𝑦 = log 3
𝑦
2. 2 log 4 𝑥 + log 4 3 − log 4 𝑦
Solution:
3𝑥 2
2 log 4 𝑥 + log 4 3 − log 4 𝑦 = log 4 𝑥 2 + log 4 3 − log 4 𝑦 = log 4 3𝑥 2 − log 4 𝑦 = log 4
𝑦
3. log 2 𝑥 + log 2 𝑦
Solution:
log 2 𝑥 + log 2 𝑦 = log 2 𝑥𝑦
4. log 4 𝑤 + log 4 𝑧
Solution:
log 4 𝑤 + log 4 𝑧 = log 4 𝑤𝑧
5. 3 log 𝑛 4𝑥 − log 𝑛 5𝑦 − log 𝑛 6𝑧
Solution:
3 log 𝑛 4𝑥 − log 𝑛 5𝑦 − log 𝑛 6𝑧
4𝑥 3
= log 𝑛 (4𝑥 3 ) − (log n 5𝑦 + log 𝑛 6𝑧) = log 𝑛 (4𝑥 3 ) − (log 𝑛 30𝑦𝑧) = log 𝑛
30𝑦𝑧
6. log 5 𝑧 + 2 log 5 𝑤 − 3 log 5 𝑥
Solution:
𝑤 2𝑧
log 5 𝑧 + 2 log 5 𝑤 − 3 log 5 𝑥 = log 5 𝑧 + log 5 𝑤 2 − log 5 𝑥 3 = log 5 𝑤 2 𝑧 − log 5 𝑥 3 = log 5
𝑥3

Answer the following for your practice.

1 1
1. log 4 𝑥 2 + 3 log 4 𝑦
2
1 1
2. log 4 𝑥 − 2 log 4 𝑦
3
1 1
3. 5
log 4 𝑥 2 + 2 log 4 𝑦 3

NOTE:
The Laws of Logarithm are applicable to logarithmic expressions that have the same base. If there are
multiple bases in a single problem for condensing logarithmic expressions, combine/ condense only
those that have the same bases.