Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CLASSIFICATION OF
6+,36
NEWBUILDINGS
MATERIALS AND WELDING
PART 2 CHAPTER 3
:(/',1*
JANUARY 1996
CONTENTS PAGE
Sec. 1 General Requirements ................................................................................................................ 5
Sec. 2 Welding Procedures and Approval of Welders .......................................................................... 7
Sec. 3 Type Approval of Welding Consumables ............................................................................... 19
Sec. 4 Welding of Clad Steel Plates ................................................................................................... 43
If any person suffers loss or damage which is proved to have been caused by any negligent act or omission of Det Norske Veritas, then Det Norske Veritas shall pay compensation to such person
for his proved direct loss or damage. However, the compensation shall not exceed an amount equal to ten times the fee charged for the service in question, provided that the maximum compen-
sation shall never exceed USD 2 million.
In this provision "Det Norske Veritas" shall mean the Foundation Det Norske Veritas as well as all its subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees, agents and any other acting on behalf of Det
Norske Veritas.
Rules for Ships, January 1996
Pt.2 Ch.3 Contents – Page 3
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$*HQHUDO Sec.2.
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% *HQHUDO Flat bend test specimens, as given in Fig. 2 are to be
Testing of welds is to be carried out as specified in 200 used. Edges on tension side to be rounded to a radius of 1 to
to 300. Reference is also made to relevant paragraphs in Ch.1 2mm.
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WPS subjected to approval is to contain as a minimum
the following information as relevant for the welding opera-
tion:
— material: standard, grade and modification
— nominal thickness/diameter range (dimensions)
— welding process
— joint/groove design
— welding position and direction
— welding consumables: trade name, electrode/wire diame-
ter, shielding gas, flux and recognized classification )LJ
— welding sequence (number and order of passes/layers) 7HVWDVVHPEO\IRUEXWWZHOGVRQSODWHV
— welding parameters: voltage, current, polarity and welding
speed
— preheat and interpass temperature NDT is to be carried out in accordance with the specifi-
— post weld heat treatment. cation given for the production welding in question. The ex-
tent of the testing is to be as follows:
% :HOGLQJSURFHGXUHTXDOLILFDWLRQWHVW:347
When WPQT is required, the tests must be performed in — 100 % visual inspection
the environment applicable to the actual production and meet — 100 % radiographic or ultrasonic testing
the specified minimum requirements prior to commencing the — 100 % surface crack detection (dye penetrant or magnetic
production welding. particle testing)
The qualification test is to be witnessed by the surveyor.
The soundness of the weld is to comply with requirements giv-
% :347IRUEXWWZHOGVRQSODWHV en in the relevant parts of the Rules.
The test assembly consists of two plates welded togeth- The following mechanical tests are required from each
er. As far as possible the plates are to have a size which can assembly (see Fig. 2):
simulate the heat transfer during the production welding.
— 1 tensile test (flat specimen transverse to the weld)
For manual or semiautomatic welding, a test assembly accord- — 1 root and 1 face bend tests when t ≤ 20 mm and 2 side
ing to Fig. 1 is to be carried out with: bend tests when t > 20 mm
Omin = 300 mm — when the welding consumable is not approved, 1 extra ten-
Lmin = 350 mm sile test (round specimen from the weld metal)
— 12 Charpy V-notch tests whith the notch location as given
For automatic welding, the dimensions are to be: in 308
— 1 macrosection test (metallographic examination + hard- to clearly reveal the fusion line and the HAZ. Cracks and lack
ness measurements). of fusion are not accepted.
The welded joints are to have a regular profile with smooth
Specimens for transverse tensile testing are to be in ac- transitions to the base materials and without significant or ex-
cordance with Sec.1 B201, type B. cessive reinforcement.
The tensile strength is not to be below the specified minimum The Charpy V-notch specimens are to be machined in
tensile strength for the steel grade in question. accordance with the requirements given in Ch.1 Sec.2 (ISO
148). The specimens are to be sampled 2 mm below the sur-
face of the parent material and transverse to the weld.
12 Charpy V-notch specimens are to be localized in the welded
joint as follows:
— 3 specimens with the notch along the weld metal cen-
treline
— 3 specimens with the notch in the fusion line
— 3 specimens with the notch in the HAZ, 2 mm from the fu-
sion line (Note 1)
— 3 specimens with the notch in the HAZ, 5 mm from the fu-
sion line (Note 1).
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HAZ impact test specimens are normally not required for grade
NV A steels. If tested the average value for absorbed energy in
weld metal, fusion line and HAZ is not to be less than 27 J at
20°C.
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10 x 10 mm KV
10 x 7,5 mm 5/6 KV
10 x 5 mm 2/3 KV
The average impact requirements are to be satisfied for
each notch location, but one single value of three values from
specimens from the same notch location may be below the av-
erage requirements, but not below 70 % of minimum average.
Where the results from a set of three impact test speci-
mens do not comply with the requirements, an additional set of
three impact test specimens may be taken.
The results obtained are to be combined with the original re-
sults to form a new average which, for acceptance, is to be not
less than the required value. Additionally, for these combined
results not more than two individual values are to be less than
the required average value, and of these, not more than one is
to be less than 70 % of the average value.
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Further re-tests may be made at the surveyor’s discretion, but %XWWZHOGHGSODWHMRLQWVRIGLIIHUHQWJUDGHV
these are to be made on a new welded assembly (revised WPS)
and are to include all tests required for the original assembly,
even those which were previously satisfactory. % :347IRUEXWWZHOGVRQWXEHV
The hardness testing is to be in accordance with ISO The test assembly is to be in accordance with Fig. 4.
6507/1 or equivalent, and is only required for grades NV27S
and higher. Normally, the Vickers method (HV5 or HV10) is
used.
Indentations are to be made along traverses in the weld, HAZ
and the parent metal approximately 1 mm below the surface.
For each traverse a minimum of 3 indentations are to be made
in the weld, HAZ (both sides) and parent metal (both sides).
For HAZ the first indentation is to be placed as close to the fu-
sion line as possible.
The values are to be reported for consideration.
When a butt weld is made between two plates of differ-
ent grades, the test temperature and achieved impact energy
are to comply with the minimum specified requirements for the
lower steel grade (see 308).
In the same way, the tensile strength to be obtained on the
welded assembly is to be in agreement with the requirements
relating to the plate steel having the lower strength.
As an example the test temperature, impact energy and tensile
strength for the butt welded joints given in Fig. 3 are those re-
quired for the plate of grade D in the left assembly and for the )LJ
plate of grade E in the right assembly. 7HVWDVVHPEO\IRUEXWWZHOGVRQWXEHV
— 1 macrosection test (metallographic examination + hard- — 12 Charpy V-notch tests with the notch location as given
ness measurements). in 308
— 1 macrosection test (metallographic examination + hard-
ness measurements).
The results of mechanical testing are to comply with the
relevant requirements given in 300.
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7HVWDVVHPEO\IRUWXEXODUMRLQWV
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7HVWDVVHPEO\IRUIXOOSHQHWUDWLRQ7MRLQWV The following mechanical tests are required from each
assembly (see Fig. 8):
The following mechanical tests are required from each — 12 Charpy V-notch tests sampled at 9 o'clock and with the
assembly (see Fig. 7): notch location as given in 308
— two macrosection tests (metallographic examination + ments for NDT one extra WPQT is to be welded and subjected
hardness measurements) at 12 and 6 o'clock. to the same testing. If this additional test does not meet the rel-
evant requirements, the actual WPS is to be considered as not
The results of mechanical testing are to comply with the qualified and a respecification of the WPS is to be made prior
relevant requirements given in 300. to a new qualification test.
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The two plates are assembled and positioned edgewise The validity of a qualified welding procedure is to be re-
so as to constitute a tee-assembly with no clearance. As far as stricted to the workshop performing the qualification. Work-
possible the plates are to be of a sufficient size to ensure a rea- shops or workshop branches under the same technical
sonable heat distribution. management and working in accordance with the same QA-
For fillet welds the test assembly is to be as defined in Fig. 9. program and -procedures are considered as one workshop.
Qualification of a welding procedure remains valid pro-
vided the parameters are kept within the qualified ranges dur-
ing production welding. The qualified ranges are given in 903.
When one or more variations outside the qualification ranges
occur, the welding procedure qualification is to be considered
invalid, and the welding procedure is therefore to be respeci-
fied and requalified.
A qualified welding procedure is to be used within the
ranges of the parameters below.
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The following changes are to lead to a new qualification:
a) In general, significant change of material properties which
will obviously affect the weldability and mechanical prop-
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b) More specifically, structural steels are grouped in three
categories:
For manual and semi-automatic welding the length of the test i) Normal strength steel, grades A, B, D and E or equiv-
piece is to be: alent structural steels with tensile strength 400—490
Lmin. = 350 mm N/mm2.
For automatic welding the length is to be: ii) High strength steel, grades A27S, D27S, E27S, A32,
Lmin. = 1000 mm D32, E32, F32, A36, D36, E36, F36, A40, D40, E40,
F40 or equivalent structural steels with minimum
Weld and fit-up are to be as detailed in the WPS. specified yield strength 265—390 N/mm2.
The test assembly is to be welded on one side only. For manual iii) Extra high strength steels, grades A-F 420, A-F 460,
and semi-automatic welding, the stop/restart position is nor- A-F 500, A-F 550, A-F 620, A-F 690 or equivalent
mally to be included in the test length and is to be clearly structural steels with minimum specified yield
marked for subsequent examination. strength 420-690 N/mm2.
The ends of the specimen are exempted from examination over
a length of 50 mm. The qualification on steel grades of higher toughness require-
ments will qualify the grades of lower toughness but not vice
NDT is to be carried out in accordance with the specifi- versa.
cation given for the production welding in question. The ex-
tent of the testing is to be as follows: 7KLFNQHVV
Thickness, t, is defined as follows:
— 100 % visual inspection
— 100 % surface crack detection (dye penetrant or magnetic a) For a butt weld:
particle testing). The base metal thickness, which for welds between dis-
The soundness of the weld is to comply with the specified re- similar thicknesse s is that of the thinner material.
quirements given in the relevant parts of the Rules. b) For a fillet weld:
If the stop/restart spot is included in the test length, special at- The base metal thickness, which for welds between dis-
tention is to be paid to this position with respect to profile, similar thicknesses is that of the thicker material. Howev-
proper fusion and absence of crater defects. er, for each thickness range qualified, as in Table B2 there
The following tests are to be performed: is an associated range of qualified throat thickness as giv-
en below.
— two macrosection tests (metallographic examination, c) For a set-on tubular joint:
hardness measurements). The thickness of the brace
One of the macrosections is to be taken at the marked position d) For a set-in or set-through tubular joint:
of the stop/restart (for more details see 307). The thickness of the can
For hardness testing, see 312.
e) For a T-butt joint in plate:
% 5HWHVWLQJ The thickness of the prepared plate
If the WPQT fails to comply with any of the require- The requirements to qualified thickness range for butt welds
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t < 12 0,8 t to 1,1 t up to 2 t
12 ≤ t ≤ 100 0,8 t to 1,1 t 0,5 t to 2 t
(max. 150)
t > 100 0,8 t to 1,1 t 0,5 t to 1,5 t
1) The qualification range for vertical downward position is 0,5 t to 1,1 t
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A WPQT carried out on a tubular joint with angle α is to qual-
ify all tubular joint angles in the range of α ≤ α1 ≤ 90°
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The following changes are to lead to a new qualification:
— any change in consumable grading
— change of consumable name when impact testing is re-
quired at temperatures below —20°C
— any significant change of mixture/composition (e.g.
change from argon/mixed gas to CO2 gas), flow rate, fill-
ing time and filling volume for shielding and backing gas-
es.
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The following changes are to lead to a new qualification. 3LSHWHVWSRVLWLRQV
— Change from one principal welding position (see Figs. 10,
11, 12) to another, unless complying with Table B4.
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The range of approval for type of joint is given in Table B5. In
addition the following changes are to lead to a new qualifica-
tion:
— change from fillet weld to butt weld
— change of specified type of groove, root face and gap
which may significantly affect penetration, fusion and de-
lution of the weld.
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The following changes are to lead to a new qualification:
— any change of welding process
— change from spray arc to short arc or pulsed arc or vice
versa
— change beyond ±15 % for voltage and current, and change
of more than ±10 % for travel speed
— change of preheating/interpass temperature beyond ±25°C
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2G+3G All All All
1G 1G 1G 1F
Butt welds on plates 2G 1G, 2G, 4G 1G, 2G 1F, 2F, 4F
3G 3G Not applicable 3F
4G 1G, 4G 1G 1F, 4F
2G + 5G = 6G All All All
1G 1G 1G 1F
Butt welds in tubes 2G 1G, 2G, 4G 1G, 2G 1F, 2F, 4F
5G All 1G, 5G All
2F+3F All
1F 1F
2F 1F, 2F, 4F
Fillet welds 3F 3F
4F 1F, 4F
5F All
1) Tubes with OD > 500 mm are considered equivalent to plates (apply only to the can in tubular joints)
2) Tubular joints are to be qualified separately.
3) The vertical downwards position is to be qualified separately.
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With
Welded backing * - x x - x - -
from one
side No
backing x * x x x x - -
Butt weld
on plate With
Welded gouging - - * x x x - -
from both
sides No
gouging - - - * - x - -
With
Welded backing x - x x - x * -
Butt weld from one
on pipe side No
backing x x x x x x x *
% :347IRUOLTXHILHGJDVV\VWHPV The test specimens are to be cut transverse to the longitu-
dinal axis of the weld. The thickness of the test specimen
Welding shops which intend to build welded cargo is to be 10 mm and width equal to the plate thickness. If
tanks, process pressure vessels and/or piping systems for liq- the plate thickness exceeds 40 mm the test sample may be
uefied gases are to carry out WPQT for all types of butt welds divided into two, each having a width of at least 20 mm
in the construction.
— five sets of Charpy V test specimens (each set consists of
For butt welds in tanks and pressure vessels, the test as- 3 specimens)
semblies consist of two plates, each having a width of at least — macrosection, microsection and hardness survey may also
150 mm and a length sufficient for making all necessary test be required.
specimens described in 1105. The test assemblies are to be so
prepared that the principal direction of rolling is parallel to the The Charpy V test specimens are to be cut with their longitu-
direction of welding. dinal axis transverse to the longitudinal axis of the weld. When
practicable, the test specimen is to be taken at a place half the
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distance from the centre to the surface of the plate. The notch
The test plates must be of such dimensions that the cooling con- is to be cut in a face of the test specimen originally perpendic-
dition as far as possible will be the same as for the production ular to the rolled surface. The specimens are to be taken at the
welding. following locations:
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— 3 specimens with the notch in the centre line of the welds
For butt welds in piping systems the test assemblies are — 3 specimens with the notch in the fusion line
made by welding together two approximately 150 mm long — 3 specimens with the notch 1 mm from the fusion line
pipes with the same diameter as the pipes used in the system to — 3 specimens with the notch 3 mm from the fusion line
be represented. — 3 specimens with the notch 5 mm from the fusion line.
The test assemblies are to be subjected to radiographic For austenitic chromium-nickel steels, only 3 tests with the
testing after welding. X-rays, fine-grained film and lead notch in the centre of the welds are required for design temper-
screens are to be used for this testing. The radiographs are at ature below —105°C.
least to meet the requirements in Pt.5 Ch.5 Sec.5 and Pt.5 Ch.5 From each test assembly for tubes, the following test
Sec.6. Concerning magnetic particle, dye penetrant and ultra- specimens are to be taken:
sonic testing reference is made to Pt.5 Ch.5 Sec.5.
Hardness testing is to be performed on weld metal, heat affect- — one transverse weld tensile test specimen
ed zone and parent material. The values are to be reported for — two side bend test specimens.
consideration. The test specimens are to be cut transverse to the longitu-
dinal axis of the weld. The thickness of the test specimens
The weld is to be etched through the whole cross-section and is to be 10 mm and the width equal to the wall thickness.
is to show normal structure and penetration. The etching is to If the wall thickness is less than 10 mm the side bend test
be done in such a way that the fusion line is clearly seen. is to be replaced by root bend test
From each test assembly for plates the following spec- — five sets of Charpy V test specimens (each set consists of
imens are to be taken: 3 specimens). The test specimens are to be cut as stipulat-
ed in 1105
— one transverse weld tensile test specimen — macrosection, microsection and hardness survey may also
— two side bend test specimens. be required.
For austenitic chromium-nickel steels, only 3 tests with the For testing of thin materials where it is impossible to use a
notch in the centre of the welds are required if the design tem- standard test specimen 10 x 10 mm, the larger of the following
perature is below —105°C. specimens is to be used:
The butt weld tensile test is to comply with the follow- 10 x 7,5 mm, 10 x 5 mm, 10 x 2,5 mm.
ing requirements: The impact values are then reduced to respectively 5/6, 2/3 and
Generally, the tensile strength is not to be less than the speci- 1/2 of the required values of the standard test specimen.
fied minimum tensile strength for the parent material. In cases
where the Society has approved the use of welding consuma-
bles which give lower tensile strength in the weld metal than
that required for the parent material, the approved value for the &:HOGLQJ3URFHGXUHV$OXPLQLXP
welding consumable in question applies. The position of frac-
ture is to be reported. & *HQHUDO
The bend test specimens are to be capable of withstand- Requirements for liquefied gas systems are stated in spe-
ing bending through an angle of 180° over a former with diam- cial Programmes in Certification Notes No. 2.1.
eter four times the thickness of the specimen. The tests can be Qualified welding procedures are required for all impor-
considered as complying with the requirements if, after bend- tant joints in hulls and structures which are to be classed with
ing, no crack or other open defects exceeding 3 mm in dimen- Det Norske Veritas. The procedure tests are to be representa-
sion can be seen on the outer surface. tive of the following:
Charpy V testing is to be conducted at the temperature — each base material/alloy and temper used in production
prescribed for the base material. See Pt.5 Ch.5 Sec.2. When — the thickness and diameter range in question (see Tables
specimens of 10 x 10 mm cross-section are used, the average B2 and B3
value from 3 tests is not to be less than 27 J for weld metal. — each type of consumable and welding process
One single test may give a value below the required average — welding position (see Table C1)
but not lower than 19 J. — joint/groove design
For fusion line and heat affected zone the requirement for min- — number of passes
imum average value is the same as for the base material. Only — preheat (if any)
one individual value may be below the specified average value — volt-ampere characteristics
provided it is not less than 70 % of that value. — shielding gas.
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7HVWZHOG 4XDOLILHGSRVLWLRQV
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Butt welds on plates 1G 1G 1G 1F
2G 1G, 2G, 3G 1F, 2F, 3F
3G 1G, 2G, 3G 1F, 2F, 3F
4G All All
Butt welds in tubes 1G 1G 1G 1F
2G 1G, 2G, 3G 2G 1F, 2F, 3F
5G All 1G, 5G All
Fillet welds 1F 1F
2F 1F, 2F, 3F
3F 1F, 2F, 3F
4F All
5F All
1) The vertical downwards position is to be qualified separately.
7DEOH&6HOHFWLRQRIVXLWDEOHFRQVXPDEOHVIRUFRPELQDWLRQVRIDOXPLQLXPDOOR\V
%DVH0HWDO$OOR\ 1919 19 1919
1919 19 1919$
19 19
NV-5052, NV-5754 5356, 5556, 5183 5356, 5556, 5183 5356, 5556, 5183
NV-5154, NV-5454
NV-5086
NV-5083, NV-5383 5356, 5556, 5183 5183 1) 5356, 5556, 5183
NV-6060, NV-6061 5356, 5556, 5183 5356, 5556, 5183 5356, 5556, 5183
NV-6063, NV-6005A
NV-6082
Note:
All consumables here are covered by the AWS specification. The prefix «ER» is omitted.
1) Other consumables may be used if allowable stresses are reduced, see Table C4.
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NV-5052, NV-5754
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NV-6060, NV-6061
NV-6063, NV-6005A - - 6t 7t
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Requirement:
No cracks or open defects exceeding 3 mm measured on the
convex surface after bending are accepted. Smaller cracks de- One tensile specimen is to be taken from each of the
veloping from the edges of the specimens are not normally welded assemblies. The test specimen, 25 mm wide and with
considered as significant, unless there is definite evidence that full plate thickness and orientated transverse to the weld, is
they result from inclusions or other defects. shown in Fig. 16.
«Wrap around» bending as shown in Fig. 15 is the preferred
bending method.
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5PPLQLPXP LQ+$=5SPLQLPXP
1PP2 1PP
NV-5052 0,F, H111, 5356 170 65
H32, H34
NV-5754 0,F, H111, H24 5356-5183 190 80
NV-5154A 0, H111 5356-5183 215 85
NV-5454 0,F, H111, H34, 5356-5183 215 85
NV-5086 0,F, H111, 5356-5183 240 100
H116, H32, H34
NV-5083 0, F t < 6 mm 5183 270 125
0, F t > 6mm 5356-5183 270 115
H116, H321 5356 270 115
H116, H321 5183 270 125
NV-5383 0, H111, 5183 290 140
H116, H321
NV-6060 T5 5356-5183 95 65
NV-6061 T4 5356-5183 165 115
T5 or T6 165 115
NV-6063 T5 5356-5183 100 65
T6 100 65
NV-6005A T5 or T6 5356-5183 165 115
NV-6082 T4 5356-5183 170 110
T5 or T6 170 115
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1 2Y 3/4/5 Y42 308 /308Mo/ 308L
2 3Y 309 /309L/ 309Nb/
3 4Y 3/4/5 Y46 309 Mo/309Mo L
5 5Y 310/310 Nb/310Mo
3/4/5 Y50 312
I 2/3/4 Y40 316/ 316 L
Grade of welding II 3/4/5 Y55 317/317 L
consumables III IY 318
V II Y 3/4/5 Y62 330
III Y 347
IV Y 3/4/5 Y69 349
VY
II/III/IV Y40
$ 7HVWLQJSURFHGXUH After being welded, the test assemblies are not to be sub-
The test welds are normally to be made on the material jected to any heat treatment.
for which approval of the welding consumable is desired. Any It is recommended that the welded assembly is subjected
grade of structural steel may, however, be used for the prepa- to radiographic examination to ascertain whether there are any
ration of the all-weld-metal test assemblies. defects in the weld prior to testing.
The test specimens are to be made under controlled con-
ditions, on metal deposited from the filler metal in question. $ 7HVWVSHFLPHQV
The test specimens referred to in this Section is de-
scribed in Ch.1 Sec.2 and Ch.3 Sec.1. same quantity of deposited metal as an ordinary 4 mm diameter
7HQVLOHWHVWV electrode is to be used. For each test specimen, a new electrode
is to be used.
Round tensile test specimens are to be machined to the dimen-
sions shown in Sec.1 B201, type A, care being taken that the Within 30 seconds of the completion of the welding of each
longitudinal axis coincides with the intersection between the specimen, the slag is to be removed and the specimen
midplane of the weld, and the midplane of the plates. quenched in water at approximately 20°C.
Flat specimens of the form given in Sec.1 B201, type C are to After 30 seconds in the water, the specimen is to be cleaned
be prepared. The upper and lower surfaces of the weld are to and dried and then placed in an apparatus suitable for the col-
be machined flush with the surface of the plate. lection of hydrogen by displacement of glycerine. The last step
is to be completed within 2 minutes after breaking the arc. The
Prior to testing, the tensile test specimens may be subjected to glycerine is to be kept at a temperature of 45°C during the test.
a temperature not exceeding 250°C for a period not exceeding All specimens are to be welded and treated identically.
16 hours, for hydrogen removal.
The specimens are to be kept immersed in the glycerine for a
&KDUS\9QRWFKLPSDFWWHVWV period of 48 hours and, after removal, are to be cleaned in wa-
Standard Charpy V-notch test specimens are to be prepared as ter and alcohol, dried and weighed to the nearest 0,1 gram to
shown in Ch.1 Sec.2 determine the amount of weld deposit.
The test temperature for specimens tested at 0, –20, –40 and The amount of gas given off is to be measured to the
–60°C are to be controlled and kept within ±2°C of the pre- nearest 0,05 cm3 and corrected for temperature and pressure to
scribed temperature. 20°C and 760 mm Hg.
The test specimens are to be cut with their longitudinal axis $ 5HWHVWLQJ
transverse to the weld length, with the notch perpendicular to
the surface of the plate and positioned as follows: 7HQVLOHDQGEHQGWHVWV
Where the result of a tensile or bend test does not comply with
— for deposited metal and butt weld test assemblies with the requirements, duplicate test specimens of the same type are
multi-run technique, the test specimens are to be cut at mid to be prepared and satisfactorily tested. Where insufficient
thickness of the weld original welded assembly is available, a new assembly is to be
— for two-run welded test assemblies the specimens are to be prepared using welding consumables from the same batch. If
cut on the 2nd run side, 2 mm below the surface the new assembly is made with the same procedure as the orig-
— for electroslag or electrogas welded test assemblies all inal assembly, only the duplicate re-test specimens needs to be
specimens are to be cut 2 mm below the surface prepared and tested. Otherwise, all test specimens should be
— for one-side automatic welding processes, the test speci- prepared as for re-testing.
mens are to be cut 2 mm below the face side and 2 mm be-
low the root side of the test assembly. &KDUS\9QRWFKLPSDFWWHVWV
When the average value of a set of three impact test specimens
The average absorbed energy value is to comply with the re- fails to meet the stated requirements, or the value of more than
quirements of subsequent sections. One individual value may one specimen is below the required average value, or when the
be less than the required average value provided that it is not value of only one specimen is below 70% of the specified av-
less than 70% of this value. erage value, three additional specimens from the same piece
%HQGWHVW may be tested and the results added to those previously ob-
tained to form a new average. If this new average complies
Flat bend test specimens, as shown in Sec.1 Fig. 2 and 3 are to with the requirements and if no more than two individual re-
be used. The upper and lower surfaces of the weld are to be sults are lower than the required average and no more than one
filed, ground or machined flush with the surface of the speci- result is below 70% of the specified average value, the tests
mens and the edges of the specimens are to be rounded to a ra- may be accepted.
dius not exceeding 2 mm.
The test specimens are to be capable of withstanding bending
through an angle of 120° over a former having a diameter three
times the thickness of the specimen. %&RYHUHG(OHFWURGHVIRU6KLHOGHG0HWDO$UF
:HOGLQJRI1RUPDODQG+LJK6WUHQJWK6WHHOV
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Low hydrogen consumables are to be subjected to a hy- % *HQHUDO
drogen test. The test is to be carried out in accordance with the Electrodes will be divided into the following grades:
mercury method specified in ISO 3690-1977, or any method
such as the gas chromatic which correlates with that method. — for normal strength steels:1, 2 and 3
The glycerine method may be admitted at the discretion of the — for high strength steels with minimum yield strength up to
Society. This method is described below. 355 N/mm2: 2 Y, 3 Y, 4 Y and 5 Y
Prior to welding, the consumables may undergo a normal dry- — for high strength steels with minimum yield strength up to
ing process recommended by the manufacturer. 390 N/mm2: 2 Y40, 3 Y40 and 4 Y40
Four test specimens are to be prepared measuring 12 x Approval will be considered subject to compliance with the
25 mm in cross-section by about 125 mm in length. The parent specified tests and requirements in 200 and 300.
metal may be any grade of structural steel. Before welding, the
specimens are to be weighed to the nearest 0,1 gram. On the 25 Electrodes complying with the requirements stipulated
mm surface of each test specimen, a single weld bead about in 400 will be given the suffix H15, H10 or H5 added to the
100 mm in length is to be deposited by a 4 mm diameter elec- grade mark. Electrodes for high strength steels are to be hy-
trode, using about 150 mm of the electrode. The welding is to drogen tested and are to satisfy the requirements for at least the
be carried out with an arc as short as possible and with a cur- suffix H15.
rent of approximately 150 A. All four test specimens are to be
welded within a period of 30 minutes. For iron powder elec- % $OOZHOGPHWDOWHVW
trodes, an electrode with a dimension giving approximately the 3UHSDUDWLRQRIWHVWDVVHPEOLHV
Two all-weld-metal test assemblies are to be welded in the The weld metal is to be deposited in single or multi-run layers
downhand position as shown in Fig. 1, one using 4 mm diam- according to normal practice, the direction of deposition being
eter electrodes and the other using the largest size manufac- reversed between subsequent layers, each bead being no less
tured. If an electrode is available in one diameter only, one test than 2 mm and not more that 4 mm thick. Between each run,
assembly is sufficient. the assembly is to be left in still air until it has cooled below
250°C, the temperature being checked in the middle of the
weld bead.
7HVWVSHFLPHQV
One longitudinal tensile and three impact test specimens are to
be taken from each test assembly as shown in Fig. 1.
The test specimens are to be prepared according to A 700.
7HVWUHTXLUHPHQWV
The test results are all to comply with the requirements given
in Table B1.
&KHPLFDODQDO\VLV
The chemical analysis of the deposited weld metal in each test
assembly is to be supplied by the manufacturer and is to in-
clude the content of all significant alloying elements.
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1 20
2 400 - 560 305 0
3 - 20
2Y 0
3Y 490 - 660 375 22 1) - 20 47
4Y - 40
5Y - 60
2 Y40 0
3 Y40 510 - 690 400 - 20
4 Y40 - 40
1) Reduction of area to be reported for information.
% %XWWZHOGWHVW First run with 4 mm diameter electrode. Next run with an elec-
3UHSDUDWLRQRIWHVWDVVHPEOLHV trode of intermediate diameter of 5 mm or 6 mm, and the re-
maining runs with the largest diameter of electrode
Butt-weld test assemblies as shown in Fig. 2 are to be prepared manufactured.
for each welding position (downhand, horizontal-vertical, ver-
tical and overhead) for which the electrode is recommended, Horizontal-vertical welding:
except that electrodes satisfying the requirements for down- First run with 4 mm or 5 mm diameter electrode. Subsequent
hand and vertical position will be considered as also comply- runs with 5 mm diameter electrodes.
ing with the requirements for the horizontal-vertical position. Vertical and overhead welding:
When an electrode is intended for downhand position only, First run with 3 mm diameter electrode. Remaining runs with
one additional test assembly is to be prepared in this position. 4 mm diameter electrodes, alternatively 5 mm diameter elec-
trodes, if recommended by the manufacturer for the positions
:HOGLQJSURFHGXUHIRUWHVWDVVHPEOLHV concerned.
The following welding procedure is to be applied when mak- Vertical downwards welding:
ing the test assemblies: Vertical downwards technique should be adopted for the prep-
Downhand welding: aration of the test assembly, using electrode diameters as rec-
First run with 4 mm diameter electrode. Remaining runs (ex- ommended by the manufacturer.
cept last two layers) with 5 mm diameter electrode or greater For all assemblies the back sealing runs are to be made with 4
according to the normal welding practice with the electrode. mm diameter electrodes in the welding position appropriate to
The runs with the last two layers with the largest diameter of each test sample, after back chipping. For electrodes suitable
electrode manufactured. for downhand welding only, the test assemblies may be turned
Where a second downhand test is required, the following pro- over to carry out the back sealing run.
cedure is to be adapted: Test specimens:
One transverse tensile, two bend tests (face and root bend) and Test requirements:
three impact test specimens are to be taken from each test as- The test results are all to comply with the requirements given
sembly as shown in Fig. 2. in Table B2. The position of fracture in the transverse tensile
The test specimens are to be prepared according to A700. test specimen is to be reported. The bend test specimens can be
considered as complying with the requirements if, after bend-
ing, no crack or defect having any dimensions exceeding 3 mm
can be seen on the outer surface of the test specimen.
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1 20
2 400 0
3 - 20
2Y 0 34
3Y 490 - 20 47
4Y - 40
5Y - 60
2 Y40 0
3 Y40 510 - 20 41
4 Y40 - 40
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Hydrogen test requirements H10 10 2)
Electrodes passing the hydrogen test as stipulated in A 800 are H5 5 3)
to satisfy the requirements given in Table B3. Both the individ- 1) 10 when Glycerine method is used.
ual and the average diffusible hydrogen contents of the speci- 2) 5 when Glycerine method is used.
mens are to be reported and the average value in cm3 per 100 3) Glycerine method is not allowed.
grams is not to exceed the following:
% &RYHUHGHOHFWURGHVIRUILOOHWZHOGLQJ
Where an electrode is submitted for approval for fillet
7DEOH% welding only, and to which the butt-weld test required in 300
0DUN 0HUFXU\PHWKRG is not considered applicable, the initial approval tests are to
,62 consist of the fillet weld tests given below and all-weld-metal
tests similar to those indicated in 200. Where an electrode is
submitted for approval for both butt and fillet welding, the in-
itial approval tests may, at the discretion of the Society, in-
clude one fillet weld test as detailed below and welded in the
horizontal-vertical position.
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% $QQXDOWHVWV
Covered electrodes for normal and fillet welding are to
be tested as follows:
Two all-weld metal test assemblies are to be prepared in ac-
cordance with 200. The extent of testing and mechanical re-
quirements are to be as given in 200.
These requirements also applies to electrodes which are ap-
proved for fillet welding only.
Covered electrodes for gravity or contact welding are to
be tested as follows:
One deposited metal test assembly using the gravity or other
contact device as recommended by the manufacturer is to be
prepared. If this electrode is approved also for normal manual
arc welding, the annual test is to be performed according to
801.
Covered electrodes for deep penetration are to be tested
as follows:
)LJ Two plates are to be prepared as given in 700. One transverse
'HHSSHQHWUDWLRQEXWWZHOGWHVWV tensile test specimen, two bend (one face and one root) test and
three impact test specimens are to be prepared. At each cut in
the test assembly, the joints are to be examined to ensure that
Butt weld test requirements: complete fusion has taken place.
The transverse tensile strength is not to be less than 400 N/
mm2. For those electrodes which are approved for both normal
penetration welding and for deep penetration welding in the
The bend test specimens can be considered as complying with downhand position, deep penetration weld tests are to be car-
the requirements if, after bending, no crack or defect having ried out in addition to the deposited metal tests for normal pen-
any dimensions exceeding 3 mm can be seen on the outer sur- etration.
face of the test specimen. Annual test requirements:
The average impact value for the three specimens taken from The tensile strength, yield stress, elongation and impact test re-
the centre of the weld is not to be less than 47 J at +20°C. sults are all to comply with the requirements for initial approv-
al tests.
Preparation of fillet weld test assemblies: Additional tests:
A fillet weld test assembly is to be prepared as shown in Fig. If any of the above tests fails, re-testing is to be carried out in
6. The welding is to be carried out in one run for each fillet accordance with A900.
weld, with plate A in the horizontal plane during welding. The
length of the fillet weld is to be 160 mm and the gap between % 8SJUDGLQJ
the plates is not to exceed 0,25mm. An approved electrode may be granted a higher grade
One side is to be welded with 4 mm diameter electrode and the than that initially granted, provided that impact testing is car-
second side is to be welded with the maximum size of elec- ried out with satisfactory results at the temperature specified
trode manufactured. The welding current used is to be within for the higher grade. However, for upgrading from grade 1 to
the range recommended by the manufacturer and the welding grade 3, or from any grade to grade 2, 3, 4, 5 Y H15/Y H10/Y
is to be carried out using normal welding practice. H5 and 2, 3, 4 Y40 H15/Y H10/Y H5, impact tests are to be
carried out on specimens taken from butt weld test assemblies
The welded assembly is to be cut by sawing or machining (downhand, horizontal-vertical, vertical or overhead as appli-
about 35 mm from the ends of the fillet welds and the joints are cable), in addition to the normal requirements for annual test-
to be ground, polished and etched. ing. Upgrading of electrodes from grade H15 to grade H10 or
H5 may also be considered, provided that hydrogen tests are
Fillet weld test requirements: carried out in accordance with 400. Welding consumables
The welding of the fillet made with a 4 mm diameter electrode which have not previously been subjected to a hydrogen test,
is to show a penetration of 4 mm, see Fig. 6, and the corre- are to be tested according to 400 when upgrading to the grades
sponding penetration of the fillet made with the maximum size 2, 3, 4, 5 Y H15/Y H10/Y H5 and 2, 3, 4 Y40 H15/H10/H5 is
electrode is to be reported. applied for.
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III - 20
IY 20 34
II Y 0
III Y 490 - 660 375 22 1) - 20
IV Y - 40
VY - 60
II Y40 0
III Y40 510 - 690 400 - 20 41
IV Y40 - 40
1) Reduction of area to be reported for information.
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& 7ZRUXQWHFKQLTXH
Where approval for use with two-run technique is re-
quested, two butt weld test assemblies are to be prepared.
When a wire/flux combination is submitted for approval for
use with the two-run technique only, no deposited metal test is
required. In this case approval tests are limited to the butt weld
tests described hereafter.
Preparation of test assemblies:
Two butt-weld test assemblies are to be prepared, using the fol- Test requirements:
lowing thicknesses: The test results are all to comply with the requirements given
in Table C1 for the longitudinal tensile test specimens and Ta-
—for grades I and IY 12—15 mm and 20—25 mm ble C2 for the transverse tensile and impact test specimens.
—for grades II to VY 20—25 mm and 30—35 mm. The bend test specimens can be considered as complying with
—for grades II Y40 to IV Y40 20—25 mm and 30—35 mm. the requirements if, after bending, no crack or defect having
any dimensions exceeding 3 mm can be seen on the outer sur-
The maximum diameter of wire, grades of steel plate and edge face of the test specimen.
preparation to be used are to be in accordance with that shown & $QQXDOWHVWV
in Fig. 10. Minor deviations from the stipulated edge prepara-
tion may be accepted, if requested by the manufacturer. The Wire/flux combinations approved are to be subjected to
root gap is not to exceed 1 mm. Each butt weld is to be welded at least the following tests:
in two runs, one from each side, using amperage, voltage and Multi-run technique:
travel speed in accordance with the recommendations of the One all-weld-metal test — one tensile and three impact tests.
manufactur er and normal good welding practice. After com-
pletion of the first run, the flux and welding slag are to be re- Two-run technique:
moved and the assembly is to be left in still air until it has One butt-weld test, plate thickness 20 mm minimum — one
cooled to 100°C, the temperature taken in the centre of the transverse tensile, two bend and three impact tests. One longi-
weld, on the surface of the seam. tudinal tensile test is also to be prepared for wire/flux combi-
nations approved solely for the two-run technique.
Test specimens: The preparation of the test assemblies and the mechani-
Two transverse tensile, two bend (one from each side welded) cal requirements are to be in accordance with the requirements
and three impact test specimens are to be taken from each test for the initial approval tests.
assembly as shown in Fig. 9.
When approval is required for two-run technique only, one & 8SJUDGLQJ
longitudinal tensile test specimen is also to be machined from An approved wire/flux combination may be granted a
the thicker plate tested as shown in Fig. 9. higher grade than that initially granted, provided that impact
testing is carried out with satisfactory results at the temperature
This tensile test specimen is to be cut with the longitudinal axis specified for the higher grade. However, for upgrading from
coinciding with the centre of the weld about 7 mm below the grade I(T/M) to grade III(T/M) or from any grade to grade II
plate surface on the side from which the second run is made. Y(T/M) to V Y(T/M) and II Y40(T/M) to IV Y40(T/M), im-
The impact test specimens are to be machined from each weld- pact tests are to be carried out on specimens taken from butt
ed assembly from the positions and with the orientations weld test assemblies in addition to the normal requirements for
shown in Fig. 11. The test specimens are to be prepared ac-
cording to A700.
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annual testing.
70°
II B, D or E
III B, D or E
IIY A-32, A-36, A-40 1)
D-32, D-36, D-40 1)
14
30-35 7
7
IIIY Any grade of
14 IVY HT steel 1)
70°
1) For testing of grade IY, IIY, IIIY and IVY combinations, the tensile strength of parent plate material is not to be less than 490 N/mm2, and the chemical
composition, including the refining element, should be reported for information.
Test specimens:
The number of test specimens are to be as stipulated in 500 and
as shown in Fig. 12.
Test requirements:
The test results are all to comply with the requirements given
in Table D1.
' 2QHDQGPXOWLUXQZHOGLQJ
Preparation of test assemblies:
One test assembly with 15 to 25 mm plate thickness is to be
welded by one-run welding technique and one is to be welded
with 35 mm thickness by multi-run technique.
Test specimens:
The number of test specimens are to be as stipulated in 500 and
as shown in Fig. 12.
Test requirements:
The test results are all to comply with the requirements given
in Table D1.
' 7HVWLQJ
Mechanical test specimens:
One longitudinal tensile, two transverse tensile, four transverse
bend test (two face and two root bend) and six impact (three
from the face side and three from the root side) test specimens
are to be taken from each welded test assembly as shown in
Fig. 12.
The test specimens are to be prepared according to A700.
Macro- and microstructure:
One photomicrograph from the fusion zone of the thickest test
assembly (one- or multi-run) is also to be forwarded for con-
sideration.
Chemical analysis:
The chemical analysis of the deposited weld metal is to be sup-
plied by the manufacturer and is to include all significant alloy-
)LJ ing elements.
2QHVLGHDXWRPDWLFZHOGLQJWHVWDVVHPEO\DQGORFDWLRQRIVSHFL
PHQV ' 5HTXLUHPHQWV
The test results are all to comply with the requirements
given in Table D1. The position of fracture in the transverse
' 0XOWLUXQZHOGLQJ tensile test specimens is to be reported. The bend test speci-
mens can be considered as complying with the requirements if,
after bending, no crack or defect having any dimensions ex-
Preparation of test assemblies: ceeding 3 mm can be seen on the outer surface of the test spec-
Two test assemblies, one assembly with 15—25 mm plate imen.
thickness and one with 35 mm thickness, are to be made as
shown in Fig. 12.
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I 20
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IV Y - 40
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IV Y40 - 40
' $QQXDOWHVWV One test assembly with 12—25 mm plate thickness as shown
in Fig. 12 is to be welded.
Combinations approved for one- or multi-run welding
are to be tested as follows: When a combination is approved for both one- and multi-run
welding, the the test assembly is to be welded with the one-run The test assemblies are to be prepared by the relevant
technique. welding technique for which approval is requested, however,
One longitudinal and one transverse tensile test speci- where approval is requested for both semi-automatic and auto-
men, to bend (one face and one root bend) and six impact test matic techniques, test assemblies need only be prepared by the
specimens (three root and three face) are to be taken from the semi-automatic technique. If approval of automatic two-run
test assembly as shown in Fig. 12. welding technique is requested, test assemblies are also to be
prepared by this technique.
The preparation of the test assemblies and the mechani-
cal requirements are to be in accordance with the requirements Where applicable, the composition of the shielding gas
for the initial approval tests. is to be reported. Unless otherwise agreed by the Society, ad-
ditional approval tests are required when the shielding gas used
' 8SJUDGLQJ is different from that used for the original approval tests.
An approved combination may be granted a higher Flux cored or flux coated wires may, at manufacturer's
grade than that initially granted, provided that impact testing is option, be submitted to a hydrogen test as detailed in A800, us-
carried out with satisfactory results at the temperature speci- ing the manufacturer's recommended welding conditions and
fied for the higher grade. However, for upgrading from grade adjusting the deposition rate to give a weight of weld deposit
I(T/M) to grade III(T/M) or from any grade to grade II Y(T/M) per sample similar to that deposited when using manual elec-
to V Y(T/M) and II Y40(T/M) to IV Y40 (T/M), impact tests trodes.
are to be carried out on specimens taken from butt weld test as-
semblies in addition to the normal requirements for annual Wires complying with our requirements stipulated in B400
testing. will have the suffix (H15), (H10) or (H5) added to the grade
mark.
( 6HPLDXWRPDWLFPXOWLUXQZHOGLQJ
(:LUHVDQG:LUH*DV&RPELQDWLRQVIRU0HWDO The term semi-automatic is used to describe processes in
$UF:HOGLQJ which the weld is made manually by a welder holding a gun
through which the wire is continuously fed.
( *HQHUDO
Where approval for use with semi-automatic welding is re-
Wire/gas combinations, flux cored or flux coated wires quested, all-weld-metal and butt-weld tests are to be carried
with or without shielding gas will be divided into the following out as specified in 202 and 203.
grades:
All-weld-metal tests are to be performed as follows:
— for normal strength steels: I, II and III
— for high strength steels with minimum yield strength up to Preparation of test assembly:
355 N/mm2: I Y, II Y, III Y, IV Y and V Y Two all-weld-metal test assemblies are to be welded in the
— for high strength steels with minimum yield strength up to downhand position as shown in Fig. 1.
390 N/mm2: II Y40, III Y40 and IV Y40. One test assembly is to be welded using a wire of 2,4 mm di-
Approval will be considered subject to compliance with the ameter or of the largest size manufactured and the other using
specified tests and requirements in 200 and 300. a wire of 1,2 mm diameter of of the smallest size manufac-
tured. Where wires are available in one diameter only, one test
The wires are divided into the following categories: assembly is sufficient.
— for use in semi-automatic multi-run welding The weld metal is to be deposited according to the practice rec-
— for use in automatic multi-run welding ommended by the manufacturer and the thickness of each layer
— for use in automatic two-run welding. of weld metal is to be in the range of 2 mm to 6 mm.
For wires intended for automatic welding, the suffixes T, M Test specimens:
and TM will be added to indicate two-run, multi-run or both One longitudinal tensile and three impact test specimens are to
welding techniques, respectively. be taken from each test assembly as shown in Fig. 1.
For wires intended for semi-automatic welding, the suffix S The test specimens are to be prepared according to A700.
will be added to the grade mark. Test requirements:
For wires intended for both welding processes, the suffixes The test results are all to comply with the requirements given
will be added in combination. in Table E1.
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I 20
II 400 - 560 305 0
III - 20
IY 20
II Y 0
III Y 490 - 660 375 22 1) - 20 47
IV Y - 40
VY - 60
II Y40 0
III Y40 510 - 690 400 - 20
IV Y40 - 40
1) Reduction of area to be reported for information.
Chemical analysis: izontal-vertical and overhead positions using for the first run a
The chemical analysis of the deposited weld metal in each test wire of 1,2 mm diameter or of the smallest size manufactured
assembly is to be supplied by the manufacturer and is to in- and using for the remaining runs the largest size of wire recom-
clude the content of all significant alloying elements. mended by the manufacturer for the position concerned.
Butt-weld tests are to be performed as follows: Test specimens:
Preparation of test assembly: One transverse tensile, two bend (one face and one root bend)
Butt-weld test assemblies as shown in Fig. 2 are to be prepared and three impact test specimens are to be taken from each test
for each welding position (downhand, horizontal-vertical, ver- assembly as shown in Fig. 2.
tical and overhead) for which the wire is recommended. The test specimens are to be prepared according to A700.
One test assembly is to be prepared in the downhand position, Test requirements:
using a 1,2 mm diameter wire for the first run or a wire of the The test results are all to comply with the requirements given
smallest size manufactured and using a 2,4 mm diameter, or of in Table E2. The position of fracture in the transverse tensile
the largest size manufactured for the remaining runs. test specimen is to be reported. The bend test specimens can be
In the case where the wire is intended for downhand position considered as complying with the requirements if, after bend-
only, an additional test assembly is to be prepared by the same ing, no crack or defect having any dimensions exceeding 3 mm
welding procedure using wires of different diameter. can be seen on the outer surface of the test specimen.
The other test assemblies are to be prepared in the vertical, hor-
7DEOH(
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I 20
II 400 0
III - 20
IY 20 34
II Y 0
III Y 490 - 20 47
IV Y - 40
VY - 60
II Y40 0
III Y40 510 - 20 41
IV Y40 - 40
( $XWRPDWLFPXOWLUXQZHOGLQJ except that the thickness of each layer is not to be less than 3
Where approval for use with automatic multi-run welding is mm.
requested, all-weld-metal and butt-weld tests are to be carried Test specimens:
out as specified in 301 and 302. Two longitudinal tensile and three impact test specimens are to
All-weld-metal tests are to be performed as follows: be taken from the test assembly as shown in Fig. 7.
Preparation of test assembly: The test specimens are to be prepared according to A700.
One all-weld-metal test assembly is to be welded in the down- Test requirements:
hand position as shown in Fig. 7. The test results are all to comply with the requirements given
The preparation of the assembly is to be as described in C201, in Table E3.
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1PP2 1PP2 %
DYHUDJH
I 20
II 400 - 560 305 0
III - 20
IY 20 34
II Y 0
IIIY 490 - 660 375 22 1) - 20
IV Y - 40
VY - 60
II Y40 0
III Y40 510 - 690 400 - 20 41
IV Y40 - 40
1) Reduction of area to be reported for information.
Chemical analysis: The diameter of wire to be used for the test assemblies is to be
The chemical analysis of the deposited weld metal is to be sup- in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation and is
plied by the manufaturer and is to include all significant alloy- to be reported for information.
ing elements. The edge preparation of the test assemblies is to be as shown
Butt-weld tests are to be performed as follows: in Fig. 13. Small deviations in the edge preparation may be al-
lowed, if requested by the manufacturer. For assemblies using
Preparation of test assembly: plate over 20 mm in thickness, the edge preparation used is to
One butt-weld test assembly is to be welded in the downhand be reported for information.
position as shown in Fig. 8.
The test assembly is to be prepared in accordance with that pre-
scribed in C202.
Test specimens:
Two transverse tensile, four bend (two face and two root bend)
and three impact test specimens are to be taken from the test
assembly as shown in Fig. 8.
The test specimens are to be prepared according to A700.
Test requirements:
The test results are all to comply with the requirements given
in Table E4. The position of fracture in the transverse tensile
test specimen is to be reported. The bend test specimens can be
considered as complying with the requirements if, after bend-
ing, no crack or defect having any dimensions exceeding 3 mm
can be seen on the outer surface of the test specimen.
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7DEOH( 7\SLFDOHGJHSUHSDUDWLRQRIWZRUXQWHFKQLTXHIRUZLUHV
7HQVLOHWHVW ,PSDFWWHVW
*UDGH 5P 7HPSHUDWXUH .9- Test specimens:
PLQLPXP & PLQLPXP
1PP2 DYHUDJH Two transverse tensile, two bend (one from each side welded)
and three impact test specimens are to be taken from each test
I 20 assembly as shown in Fig. 9.
II 400 0
III - 20 When approval is required for two-run technique only, one
IY 20 34
longitudinal tensile test specimen is also to be machined from
II Y 0 the thicker plate tested as shown in Fig. 9.
III Y 490 - 20
IV Y - 40 This tensile specimen is to be cut with the longitudinal axis co-
VY - 60 inciding with the centre of the weld about 7 mm below the
plate surface on the side from which the second run is made.
II Y40 0
III Y40 510 - 20 41 The impact test specimens are to be machined from each weld-
IV Y40 - 40 ed assembly from the positions and with the orientations
shown in Fig. 11.
( 7ZRUXQZHOGLQJ
The test specimens are to be prepared according to A700.
When approval for use with two-run technique is re-
quested, two butt-weld test assemblies are to be prepared. Test requirements:
The test results are all to comply with the requirements given
For wires to be approved for use with the two-run technique in Table E3 for the longitudinal tensile test specimens and Ta-
only, no deposited metal test is required. In this case approval ble E4 for the transverse tensile and impact test specimens. The
tests are limited to the butt weld tests described hereafter. bend test specimens can be considered as complying with the
Preparation of test assemblies: requirements if, after bending, no crack or defect having any
Two butt-weld test assemblies are to be prepared as specified dimensions exceeding 3 mm can be seen on the outer surface
in C300, except that one test assembly is to be 12—15 mm of the test specimen.
thick and the other is to be 20 mm thick.
( $QQXDOWHVWV
If approval is required for welding of plates thicker than 20
mm, one assembly is to be prepared using a plate of 20 mm in Wires approved are to be subjected to at least the follow-
thickness and the other using a plate of the greatest thickness ing tests:
for which approval is required. Semi-automatic welding only:
One all-weld-metal test — one longitudinal tensile and three tion relative to final rolling direction of plates, tensile
impact tests. strength and chemical composition including applied
Automatic multi-run welding only: grain refining elements for the base material.
One all-weld-metal test — one longitudinal tensile and three
impact tests. Preparation of test assemblies:
Two test assemblies, one assembly with 20 mm plate thickness
Automatic two-run welding only: and one with 35 mm thickness, are to be made as shown in Fig.
One butt-weld test with 20 mm minimum plate thickness — 14.
one transverse tensile, two bend and three impact tests. One
longitudinal tensile test is also to be prepared for wire/gas com- Test specimens:
binations approved solely for the two-run technique. Two longitudinal and two transverse tensile test specimens,
two side bend (alternatively one root bend and one face bend)
Wires approved for both semi-automatic and automatic multi- and six impact (three with the notch located in the centre of the
run welding: One all-weld-metal test in semi-automatic tech- weld and three with the notch located at the fusion boundaty)
nique — one tensile and three impact tests. test specimens are to be taken from each test assembly as
The test assemblies and specimens are to be prepared shown in Fig. 14.
and tested in accordance with the same procedures as those for
the initial approval tests using wire which is of about the me-
dium size manufactured, except in the case of the two-run tech-
nique where the size of wire is to be according to the initial
testing procedure.
The test results are to comply with the requirements for
the initial approval tests.
( 8SJUDGLQJ
An approved wire may be granted a higher grade than
that initially granted, provided that impact testing is carried out
with satisfactory results at the temperature specified for the
higher grade. However, for upgrading from grade I(T/M) to
grade III(T/M) or from any grade to grade II Y(T/M) to V Y(T/
M) and II Y40(T/M) to IV Y40(T/M), impact tests are to be
carried out on specimens taken from butt weld test assemblies
in addition to the normal requirements for annual testing.
)&RPELQDWLRQVIRU8VHLQ(OHFWURVODJDQG
(OHFWURJDV:HOGLQJ3URFHVVHV
) *HQHUDO
Consumables intended for these welding processes will
be divided into the following grades:
— for normal strength steels: I and II
— for high strength steels with minimum yield strength up to
355 N/mm2: I Y, II Y
— for high strength steels with minimum yield strength up to
390 N/mm2: II Y40.
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Approval will be considered subject to compliance with the (OHFWURVODJDQGHOHFWURJDVZHOGLQJWHVWDVVHPEO\DQGORFDWLRQRI
specified tests and requirements in 200. VSHFLPHQV
) ,QLWLDOWHVWV
The following information is to be reported for the Soci- Test requirements:
ety's consideration: The test results are all to comply with the requirements given
in Table F1.
— joint designation, wire diameter, type of consumable noz-
zle, shielding gas if used, welding parameters, weld direc-
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I 20
II 400 - 560 305 0
34
IY 22 20
II Y 490 - 660 375 0
II Y40 510 - 690 400 0 41
Chemical analysis:
Chemical analysis of the deposited weld metal is to be supplied H5 added to the grade mark.
by the manufacturer and is to include the content of all signif- Flux cored or flux coated wires may also, at manufacturer's op-
icant alloying elements. tion, be submitted for hydrogen testing, and will have the suf-
Photomacrographs: fix (H15), (H10) or (H5) added to the grade mark.
Two photomacrographs, approximately 2X magnification, one
transverse and one longitudinal with respect to the weld are to Testing is to be carried out as specified in B (covered
electrodes), C (wire/flux combinations) or E (wire/gas combi-
be taken. The latter section is to be parallel to the plate surface.
nations) with the additional requirements specified in 200.
) $QQXDOWHVWV
* $GGLWLRQDOUHTXLUHPHQWV
Combinations approved are to be subjected to at least the
following tests: The base metal to be used for the butt weld tests is to be
the same as that for which the welding consumable is intended.
One test assembly, using 20 mm plate thickness is to be pre-
pared. Impact tests:
The specimens are to be broken at —60°C. Both single values
Two longitudinal, two bend and three impact test specimens and average values are to be reported.
are to be taken. The notch of the impact specimens is to be lo-
cated in the centre of the weld. Welding consumables intended for NV 2-4 and NV 4-4 only,
may be impact tested at —55°C.
One transverse photomacrograph is also to be taken from the
test assembly. Test requirements:
The butt-weld test results are all to comply with the require-
The preparation of the test assemblies and the mechani- ments given in Table G1.
cal properties are to be in accordance with the requirements for
the initial approval tests. One additional butt-weld test is to be performed as fol-
lows:
Preparation of test assembly:
One butt-weld test is to be made in the downhand position.
*:HOGLQJ&RQVXPDEOHVIRU:HOGLQJRI6WHHO This test assembly is to be subjected to stress-relieving at 550
*UDGHV1919/19DQG19/ to 600°C prior to mechanical testing.
IRU/RZ7HPSHUDWXUH$SSOLFDWLRQV Test specimens:
One transverse tensile and three impact test specimens are to
* *HQHUDO be taken from each test assembly.
These welding consumables will be granted the follow- Test requirements:
ing grades: The test results are all to comply with the requirements given
— for NV 2-4 and NV 2-4L: 5 (manual welding) and V in Table G1.
(semi-automatic and automatic welding) * $QQXDOWHVWV
— for NV 4-4 and NV 4-4L: 5 Y (manual welding) and V Y
(semi-automatic and automatic welding) Depending on whether it concerns electrodes, wire/flux
combination or wire/gas combinations, the testing is to be car-
Approval will be considered subject to compliance with the ried out according to that prescribed in B900, C400 or E600,
specified tests and requirements in 200. respectively. Impact testing, however, is to be carried out ac-
Covered electrodes are to satisfy the requirements for cording to 200.
low hydrogen electrodes, and will have the suffix H15, H10 or
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5/V 400 - 55 41 27
- 60 34 23
5Y/VY 490 - 55 41 27
- 60 34 23
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ZHOGLQJVWHHOJUDGH SDVVWHPSHUDWXUH WHPSHUDWXUH
& &
NV 0,3Mo 100 - 200 660 - 700
NV 1Cr 0,5Mo 200 - 300 680 - 720
NV 2,25Cr 1Mo 200 - 300 720 - 770
The finished test plates are to be uniformly heated to the an-
nealing temperature, kept at this temperature for approximate-
ly 30 minutes and cooled in still air.
Tensile tests:
One specimen from each assembly is to be tested at room tem-
perature (approximately 20°C), while the other is to be tested
at 400 ± 5°C. The elevated test temperature is to be properly
controlled (e.g. by thermocouples).
Test requirements:
The test results are all to comply with the requirements given
in Table H2.
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ZHOGLQJVWHHOJUDGH &
PLQLPXP PLQLPXP PLQLPXP, %
1PP2 1PP2 %
NV 0,3Mo 20 440
400 1)
Butt-weld tests are to be performed as follows: cut and the plate corresponds to at least 4 layers of weld.
The transverse tensile and bend tests are to be tested at room
temperature.
Test requirements:
The tensile test results are to comply with the requirements
given in Table H3.
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NV 0,3Mo 440
NV 1Cr 0,5Mo 470
NV 2,25Cr 1Mo 480
+ &KHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQ
The test specimen for chemical analysis of the deposited
metal is to be made on a steel plate as shown in Fig. 16.
Preparation of test assembly:
One such test specimen is to be made for each dimension of )LJ
welding consumable to be approved. Chips for chemical anal- 7HVWVSHFLPHQIRUFKHPLFDODQDO\VLV
ysis are to be machined, so that the distance between the final
Each test specimen is to be analysed separately. Chemical analysis of the deposited metal of two different di-
Test requirements: mensions of the approved combinations are to be carried out.
The test results are to comply with the requirements given in The preparation of the test assemblies and the test re-
Table H4. quirements are to be in accordance with the requirements for
the initial approval tests specified in 300.
+ $QQXDOWHVWV
Consumables approved are to be subjected to at least the
following tests:
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VWHHOJUDGH % % % %
NV 0,3Mo 0,6 - 1,6 - 0,3 - 0,7
NV 1Cr 0,4 - 1,0 0,7 - 1,4 0,4 - 0,7
0,5Mo 0,12 0,8 0,04 0,03
NV 2,25Cr 0,4 - 1,0 2,0 - 2,6 0,9 - 1,2
1Mo
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ZHOGLQJVWHHO Rm , ReH 1), A5 , Rm , 7HPSHUDWXUH
JUDGH & PLQLPXP
PLQLPXP PLQLPXP PLQLPXP, % PLQLPXP DYHUDJH
1PP2 1PP2 1PP2
NV 1,5 Ni 420 275 420 - 95
NV 3,5 Ni 440 345 - 25 440 - 115 34
NV 5 Ni 570 390 570 - 140
NV 9 Ni 640 490 660 - 196
1) In case of no marked yield point, the proof stress at 0,2% elongation (Rp0,2) is to be reported.
, $QQXDOWHVW ried out according to that prescribed in B900, C400 or E600,
Depending on whether it concerns electrodes, wire/flux respectively. The test results are, however, to comply with the
combination of wire/gas combinations, the testing is to be car- requirements given in Table I1.
7DEOH-$OOZHOGPHWDOWHVWUHTXLUHPHQWV
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ReH,, KV, J
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PLQLPXP & PLQLPXP
1PP2 1PP2 PLQLPXP % DYHUDJH 1)
3/III Y42 - 20 47
4/IV Y42 530 - 680 420 20 - 40 47
5/V Y42 - 60 47
3/III Y46 - 20 47
4/IV Y46 570 - 720 460 20 - 40 47
5/V Y46 - 60 47
3/III Y50 - 20 47
4/IV Y50 610 - 770 500 18 - 40 47
5/V Y50 - 60 47
3/III Y55 - 20 55
4/IV Y55 670 - 830 550 18 - 40 55
5/V Y55 - 60 55
3/III Y62 - 20 62
4/IV Y62 720 - 890 620 18 - 40 62
5/V Y62 - 60 62
3/III Y69 - 20 69
4/IV Y69 770 - 940 690 17 - 40 69
5/V Y69 - 60 69
1) For requirements regarding minimum individual values and retests, see A700 and A900, respectively.
7DEOH-%XWWZHOGWHVWUHTXLUHPHQWV
7HQVLOHWHVW ,PSDFWWHVW %HQGUDWLR
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7HPSHUDWXUH& 'W 1)
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3/III Y42 -20 47
4/IV Y42 530-680 -40 47 4
5/V Y42 -60 47
3/III Y46 -20 47
4/IV Y46 570-720 -40 47 4
5/V Y46 -60 47
3/III Y50 -20 50
4/IV Y50 610-770 -40 50 4
5/V Y50 -60 50
3/III Y55 -20 55
4/IV Y55 670-830 -40 55 5
5/V Y55 -60 55
3/III Y62 -20 62
4/IV Y62 720-890 -40 62 5
5/V Y62 -60 62
3III Y69 -20 69
4/IV Y69 770-940 -40 69 5
5/V Y69 -60 69
1) D = mandrel diameter, t = specimen thickness.
The chemical analysis of the deposited weld metal in each test less steels will be considered subject to compliance with the
assembly is to be supplied by the manufacturer and is to in- specified tests and requirements in 200 to 500.
clude the content of all significant alloying elements.
Parent plate material should preferably have a composi-
- $QQXDOWHVWV tion matching that of the electrode to be tested. Mild steel
plates may, however, be applied provided that the groove faces
Depending on whether it concerns electrodes, wire/flux are clad with at least two runs by the welding consumable
combination or wire/gas combinations, the testing is to be car- which is to be tested.
ried out according to that prescribed in B800, C400 or E500,
respectively. The test results are, however, to comply with the . $OOZHOGPHWDOWHVW
requirements given in Table J1. Preparation of test assemblies:
Two all-weld-metal test assemblies are to be prepared as
shown in Fig. 17, one using a 2,4—3,25 mm Ø electrode and
.:HOGLQJ&RQVXPDEOHVIRU:HOGLQJRI$XVWH the other using the largest size manufactured.
QLWLF6WDLQOHVV6WHHOV For wire/gas combinations the wire size is to be 1,2 mm Ø and
the largest size manufactured.
. *HQHUDO
For flux cored wire combinations the wire size is to be 1,2 or
Approval of welding consumables for austenitic stain- 1,6 mm Ø and the largest size manufactured.
For wire/flux combinations the smallest and largest size man- Test requirements:
ufactured are to be tested. The test results are all to comply with the requirements given
The weld metal is to be deposited in accordance with normal in Table K1. Welding consumables intended for low tempera-
welding practice. The direction of deposition is to be reversed ture service are to be impact tested at —196°C (or other tem-
between subsequent layers, each bead not being wider than 4 peratures below —103°C). The average impact value for the
times the core wire diameter and not exceeding 4 mm in thick- three specimens is not to be less than 34J.
ness. Between each run, the assembly is to be left in still air un- . &KHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQ
til it has cooled below 100°C, the temperature being checked
in the middle of the weld bead surface. Chemical analysis is to be carried out for all dimensions
of welding consumables manufactured. The analysis is to be
Test specimens: carried out as stipulated in H300 and is to be reported for ap-
Depending on the service temperature, the number of test spec- proval.
imens taken according to Fig. 17 are as follows:
The chemical composition of the core wire is also to be
— service temperature below —103°C; two longitudinal ten- reported.
sile and three impact test specimens are to be taken. Test requirements:
— service temperature above —103°C; two longitudinal ten- The chemical composition of the weld metal is to be in the
sile test specimens only are to be taken. range given in Table K2.
The test specimens are to be prepared according to A700. . 3RVVLEOHDGGLWLRQDOWHVWV
Normally, butt weld tests are not required. Butt weld
tests may, however, be required if a welding consumable is to
be approved for welding positions or materials for which it is
not mainly intended.
The manufacturer is to inform about the welding posi-
tion and materials for which the welding consumable is to be
applied.
. $QQXDOWHVWV
Annual testing for welding consumables which are not
intended for low temperature service, comprises chemical
analysis only. Welding consumables of two different dimen-
sions are to be tested.
Annual testing for welding consumables which are in-
tended for low temperature service at —103°C or lower, com-
prises impact testing at the respective temperature, in addition
to chemical analysis. Welding consumables of two different
dimensions are to be tested.
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(OHFWURGHJUDGH
PLQLPXP PLQLPXP PLQLPXP, %
1PP2 1PP2
NV 308 Mo 290 550 25
NV 308 290 550 25
NV 308 L 270 520 25
NV 309 290 550 25
NV 309 L 270 520 25
NV 309 Nb 290 550 22
NV 309 Mo 290 550 25
NV 309 MoL 270 520 25
NV 310 290 550 22
NV 310 Nb 290 550 18
NV 310 Mo 290 550 22
NV 312 350 660 16
NV 316 290 550 22
NV 316 L 270 520 22
NV 317 290 550 22
NV 317 L 270 520 22
NV 318 290 550 18
NV 330 270 520 18
NV 347 290 550 22
NV 349 360 690 18
1) The values for reduction of area to be reported for information.
7DEOH.
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PD[L PD[L PD[L
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% %
NV 308 0,08 18,0 - 21,0 9,0 - 11,0 2,0 - 3,0 - 2,5 0,90 0,04 0,03 -
Mo
NV 308 0,08 18,0 - 21,0 9,0 - 11,0 - - 2,5 0,90 0,04 0,03 -
NV 308 L 0,03 18,0 - 21,0 9,0 - 11,0 - - 2,5 0,90 0,04 0,03 -
NV 309 0,15 22,0 - 25,0 12,0 - 14,0 - - 2,5 0,90 0,04 0,03 -
NV 309 L 0,03 22,0 - 25,0 12,0 - 14,0 - - 2,5 0,90 0,04 0,03 -
NV 309 Nb 0,12 22,0 - 25,0 12,0 - 14,0 - 0,7 - 1,0 2,5 0,90 0,04 0,03 -
NV 309 0,12 22,0 - 25,0 12,0 - 14,0 2,0 - 3,0 - 2,5 0,90 0,04 0,03 -
Mo
NV 309 0,03 22,0 - 25,0 12,0 - 14,0 2,0 - 3,0 - 2,5 0,90 0,04 0,03 -
MoL
NV 310 0,20 25,0 - 28,0 20,0 - 22,5 - - 2,5 0,75 0,04 0,03 -
NV 310 Nb 0,12 25,0 - 28,0 20,0 - 22,0 - 0,7 - 1,0 2,5 0,75 0,04 0,03 -
NV 310 0,12 25,0 - 28,0 20,0 - 22,0 2,0 - 3,0 - 2,5 0,75 0,04 0,03 -
Mo
NV 312 0,15 28,0 - 32,0 8,0 - 10,5 - - 2,5 0,90 0,04 0,03 -
NV 316 0,08 17,0 - 20,0 11,0 - 14,0 2,0 - 3,0 - 2,5 0,90 0,04 0,03 -
NV 316 L 0,03 17,0 - 20,0 11,0 - 14,0 2,0 - 3,0 - 2,5 0,90 0,04 0,03 -
NV 317 0,08 18,0 - 21,0 12,0 - 14,0 3,0 - 4,0 - 2,5 0,90 0,04 0,03 -
NV 317 L 0,03 18,0 - 21,0 12,0 - 14,0 3,0 - 4,0 - 2,5 0,90 0,04 0,03 -
NV 318 0,08 17,0 - 20,0 11,0 - 14,0 2,0 - 3,0 6xC - 1,0 2,5 0,90 0,04 0,03 -
NV 330 0,25 14,0 - 17,0 33,0 - 37,0 - - 2,5 0,90 0,04 0,03 -
NV 347 0,08 18,0 - 21,0 9,0 - 11,0 8xC - 1,0 2,5 0,90 0,04 0,03 -
NV 349 0,13 18,0 - 21,0 8,0 - 10,5 0,35 - 0,65 0,75 - 1,2 2,5 0,90 0,04 0,03 1,25 - 1,75
1) Chromium % minimum 1,9 x % Ni. Tantalum % maximum 0,10%. Titanium % maximum 0,15%.
compliance with the specified tests and requirements below. The test specimens are to be prepared according to A700.
Parent plate material should preferably have a composi- Test requirements:
tion matching that of the electrode to be tested. The result of the transverse tensile test is not to be less than that
specified for the base metal, for which the consumable is in-
/ 7HVWDVVHPEOLHV tended.
All-weld-metal tests The impact test specimens are to be tested at -20°C and mini-
Two all-weld-metal test assemblies are to be prepared as mum average impact energy is to be 27 J for full size test spec-
shown in Fig. 17, one using a 2,4—3,5 mm Ø electrode and the imens.
other using the largest size manufactured. The bend test specimens can be considered as complying with
For wire/gas combinations the wire size is to be 1,2mm and the the requirements if, after bending, no crack or defect having
largest size manufactured. any dimension exceeding 3 mm can be seen on the outer sur-
face of the test specimen.
For flux cored wire/gas combination the wire size is to be 1,2
or 1,6 mm and the largest size manufactured. / &KHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQ
For wire/flux combinations the smallest and largest size man- Chemical analysis is to be carried out for all dimensions
ufactured are to be tested. of welding consumables manufactured. The analysis is to be
carried out as stipulated in H300 and is to be reported for ap-
The weld metal is to be deposited in accordance with normal proval.
welding practice. The direction of deposition is to be reversed
between subsequent layers, each bead being not wider than 4 The chemical composition of the core wire is also to be
times the core wire diameter and not exceeding 4 mm in thick- reported.
ness. Between each run, the assembly is to be left in still air un-
til it has cooled below 150°C, the temperature being checked / 0LFURVWUXFWXUDOH[DPLQDWLRQ
in the middle of the weld bead surface. The ferrite/austenite-ratio of the weld is to be deter-
Test specimens: mined. The ferrite content in average is to be in the range of 25
Two longitudinal tensile and three impact test specimens are to to 70%.
be taken from each test assembly as shown in Fig. 17. / &RUURVLRQWHVW
The test specimens are to be prepared according to A700. For the determination of pitting and crevice corrosion
Test requirements: resistance, one test according to ASTM G48, Method A is re-
The tensile strength, yield point and elongation are to be re- quired. The test specimen is to be exposed to the solution at a
ported. For information, the value for reduction of area is also temperature of 20°C for 24 hours. No pitting attack shall be
to be reported. The results of the tensile tests are not to be less visible on the test faces, and the general weight loss is to be less
than that specified for the base material, for which the consum- than 20 mg.
able is intended.
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The impact test specimens are to be tested at —20°C and min-
imum average impact energy is to be 27 J for full size test spec- Annual test for welding consumables comprises chemi-
imens. cal analysis only. Welding consumables of two different di-
mensions are to be tested.
Butt weld tests
Butt-weld test assemblies as shown in Fig. 2 are to be prepared
for each welding position for which the wire is recommended.
The test assemblies are to be prepared using wire or electrode 0:HOGLQJ&RQVXPDEOHVIRU:HOGLQJRI$OX
of one of the smaller sizes manufactured and for the remaining PLQLXP$OOR\VIRU*HQHUDODQG/RZ7HPSHUD
runs wires or electrodes of the largest size for the position con- WXUH6HUYLFH
cerned.
Test specimens: 0 *HQHUDO
One transverse tensile, two bend and three impact test speci- Approval of welding consumables for aluminium alloys
mens are to be taken from each test assembly as shown in Fig. will be considered subject to compliance with the specified
2 tests and requirements in 200 to 400.
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For the top layer on the backing only extensively dried, extra-low
$ 6FRSH hydrogen type of electrodes with grade-suffix HH are to be used.
The requirements in this Section specify welding of steel ---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
plates with austenitic stainless steel cladding.
When welding pipes where there is access only from the
outside, the entire cross-section is to be built up by alloyed
weld metal corresponding to the cladding. The sides of the
%:HOGLQJ groove are preferably to be covered with an over-alloyed con-
% :HOGLQJPHWKRGV²GHSRVLWHGPHWDO sumable (buttering) before joining.
For welding of steel plates with austenitic stainless steel
cladding, only electrodes approved by the Society are to be
used, and welding is to be carried out only by certified welders.
The welding may be carried out by means of shielded
metal-arc welding, automatic or semi-automatic arc welding
under inert gas and/or flux or a combination of these methods.
The weld joint is to have the same resistance to corrosion
as the cladding metal, and the corrosion-resistant deposited
metal is to have at least the same thickness as the cladding met-
al.
The chemical composition of the weld metal in the top
layer on the clad side is to correspond to the composition of the
cladding metal. The cladding deposited by welding is to have
at least the same thickness as the cladding on the original plate.
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Proper groove shape in connection with correct welding
sequence is to be employed. The edges are to be prepared with
a cutting tool or by grinding.
Clad steel may be flame-cut provided this is done from
the base plated side. It is recommended that the cutting face is
removed in a depth of about 2 mm. When shearing is used, the
cladding side must face upwards.
If there are alignment difficulties or if the welded con-
nection is highly stressed, an edge preparation involving the
removal of the cladding, adjacent to the weld is recommended.
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When welding clad materials, mixing of base metal and
weld deposit, as well as mixing of the two types of high alloyed
weld deposit is to be held at a minimum. Low welding current
and small welding consumable dimensions are to be used. The
degree of dilution is preferably to be kept below 30%. The de-
gree of dilution is defined as the amount of base metal in the
weld metal.
The use of low-alloyed or non-alloyed consumables on
the cladding is not allowed.
At least two layers of the alloyed weld metal are to be
deposited when welding the backing from the clad steel side,
even if it is necessary to chip or grind off part of the first stain-
less bead to make room for the second pass. At least, the first Weld grove face to be ground smooth.
bead is to be made with an over-alloyed consumable (e.g. N V
309).
The mild steel backing is as far as possible to be welded
before the stainless cladding and is to be welded with suitable
mild steel consumable. Care must be taken to prevent the root
bead from penetrating into the cladding. Tack welds are to be
of sufficient size, have full penetration and an even surface, so
that they may be covered by the first weld bead without remov-
al. Root bead (1) of mild steel is not to penetrate the cladding.
Butt weld between clad plate and mild steel plate; the cladding
is welded with an over-alloyed type of consumable.