CNI ‘SNI 03-1726-2002 ‘Standar Nasional Indonesia {indonesian National Standard) Design method of earthquake resistance for buildings Badan Standardisasi Nasional tos, (National Standeralzaton Agency)INTRODUCTION Eathouske Resistance Design Mothod for Houses ond uiling, SNLO21726-1080 currently 10 yoar lé ana ting designers ave conldeed 2 ack capably of curent, tectnologea! deveoement Thus, this method requesrvon and sal be aused 1 ci ‘erga knowledge to his method wil stay accurate in usage, Forherars, the avated SN! design can be completed satisfactory wth the te "Earinquake Resistance Design Standars for Buling Stuctres” whic ls expec to saiey the challenge in bulking consvusten works, parculary conceing eartauaks resitance for alsin nally, we woul he to thank al partes who have helped in formu othe Earthquake Recstance Qesign Sanders for Suling Structures, parc tothe Aude led by Pro eb Wratman Wangeacneta Jka, Ctober200t Head of Bultng and Construction Engineting Commitee ‘sw os-17252002 1TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1 COVERAGE vec 2 Reference o sn Terms and Notations 34 TeNMS 4 General requirements... 44 Design earthquake and buitng category... 4.2. Regula and iregular bling ett nnn 443. Ductity of ie bulcng sic and raminaleanhquake basing. 44 Factored load design and erent nn 45. Capacty Design. 48 - Type of soll and propagation of earthquake wave 47. Solamic zone and response Speet neun 4.8. Effect of vertical earhqUaH® sens 5 Building structure general 608M sen 5.4 Upper and lower stuetu 08 ncn 5.2 Earthquake load supporting stuctr, 53. Floor level as 2 aphasia ‘54 Eccentrety of contr of greviy agains the rotation canter of storey Ft nn.25 55. Swuctue rg. —— 28 56 Limitation of fundamental natwal frequency period 7 57 Effect of P-Data, 27 58. Earthquake loading direction. 8 Regular bullding structure desigh ann 6.1 Eauivalent static nominal earthquake load 82. Fundamental natural Fequency period un 6.3 Equivalent state anay si... 7 Irregular bullcing structure design, 74 Terms for dynamic response analyisreenen 72. Response specrum order anaiysis. 7. Time history dynamic responce analysis ‘sw 05172620028 Building Structure Performance. 32 8.1 Service Lint Performance. 32 82 Usinate Limit Performance 22 9 Earthquake effect on the lower structure a3 8.1 Earthquake loading from the upper structure, 33 (22 Earthquake leasing fom the moment of nea. vn 83 Earthquake leading fom surrounding $0 nnn 36 10 The effect of earthquake on secondary components, architecture components and machine and electrical instalation. 26 10.1 Safety 6040298 enn sn 36 102 ie down — er) 10.3 Gorelation between components. sn 38 10.4 Automatic cut of of machine and equipment 36 10.5 The offectof Design Earthquake. 7 [APPENDIX A: EXPLANATION ee sn A Terms and Notations. sn 39 Aa General Teton ve AS Building structure general design enn 48 AS Design of regular building structure. vs sl A Irregular shear walt design so 53 AB Building structure performance nn ve AS The effect of carthquake on ower struct wm 58 AAO The effect of earthquake on secondary components, architecture components and machine and electra! instalation oo APPENDIX A: B.A Factored load and strength design for foundation. s 2.2 Explanation of factored load and strength design for foundation nnn 6Tobie 1 Table 2 Table Table ¢ Tabs ‘able 6 Tae ‘Taio @ Tae s Table 10 Table 11 Tobie Pa Table P2 UST OF TABLES Signfeance Factor for asous bulding and construction categories, Ductiy parameters of ulding structure ‘Maximum eet factor, maximum eartnquske response factor, exta resistance factor an total extra resistance factor of several ‘ypes of biking system and subeystams, Types of soll Peak ecceeration of base rock and peak acceleration of sot surface foreach indonesian Seismic zone. Design Earthquake Response Spectrum. CCostcenty to caleulato verical earthquake response fate Cy. Coeticient¢ limiting the fundamental natural frequency period of building structures — Stroctue extra strength factor fy and total xtra strength factor contained in tre bulng structure Periormance factor of components fr secondary and ‘schitectural component... Performance factor of components fr instalation ‘Capacity reduction factor @ for pad and rf foundation type CCapaciy reduction fat $ or ple and bore pile foundation ine and eletieal 2 18 16 1° 2 Pa a Ey 30 etusr oF Tastes. Figure 1 Indonesian Selemic zanes with base rock peak acceleration with 2 reoccurance period of 500 years a Figure2 Design Earthquake Response Spectrum, 2 Figure P.1 Loadetecion dlagram (V8) dlagram of buldng StUete ou 42 Figure P.2_Distrbuton of tha Sat-Shaped In (Ry /Q,) Component 4 Figure P.3 Ideal colapsing mectanism of a building structure wth plastic Joints formed on beam ends, calurn fost 4 Figure P.4 Nominallovel shear force diagram along the height of auleing.. 5 Figure P.5 Moment deflection gram of a plasticlnt at column fet of shear wal feet 5 sx os.1r22002+ COVERAGE 14 This slandard is tended as a replacement of indonesian National Standard SNLO3. 1726-1989 to later become the minimum reauiements of earthquake resistance design forbuling structures, except for buling stuetves dened in cio 12 1.2 The design requirements of sarhquake resistant building stuctues defined in this ‘Slandara de net apply forthe fellowingbuldngs Bulging wit uncommon structure sysiem or buldngs stl requiring proving oftheir worthiness + Builcings using base isolaton system to absorn earthquake efect on the upper siuctre ~ Ohi Engineering Stuctures such as bridges, ingaton bulding, wall sand piers of hharber, off-shore ol stucure, and other nombulings, (One storey house and other nor-techial bung, 113 This standard has a purpose tht the building structure which ts earthquake resistance |s designed conforming to this standard ean tinction" ~ 4 Prevent human casuaties by the colapss of bulking because of a strong earthquake: + 0 reduce buling damage cue to ight to medium earthquake, so the bulting bs repairable = prevent tenant discomior for buldlng tenants during ight to mecum earthguakes; + fo maintain ata te vial services of bulding funcion, 2 Reteronce “This standard usos roerences of documents ~ SNi_09-1726-1989, “Earthqunke Resistance Design Method for Houses and Buidings’, the Ofce of the State Mist of Chl Works, The Diretorte of ‘Technology Education, the Directorate General of Cipla Karyano. 3 of 1897, ~ Netonal ‘Earthquake’ Hazards Reducton Program (NEHERP) Recommended Provisions fer Seismic Regulation for New Suldlngs and Otter Structures, 1957 Edition, Part —Provsion, Part 2 Commentary: FEMA 902, Feb, 1809, ~ Uniform Buiing Code (U0), 1987 Esiton, Volume 2. Siuctural Enginsering Design Provsions, international Conference of Bulking Oil, April 1987 3. Torms and Notations 34 Tome Except for non conformity or there is no comectin wth these defined in this Standard, the defnitons appi in tis stanéare ae: sos rraeaone Poge totesS44 Analysis ania light earthquake [An equipment with occurrence prabaility of only once or with about 6% probably along the bulling’s We. This means that for @ common bulling Ife of §0 years, the hght feartnquake reoccurence peed also 80 years a4 Staite push over analysis on a building structure {2 dimensional or 3 dimensional ner or nooner state analysis method, where the eect ff Design Earhquake on he oulding structure is considered ak slate loade which catch at tach center of gravy of each for, which valves are incteased elonlyuntl exceeding the loading eapacty which fist causes yield (pace joint) n the Buiding sructur and then further load intoase experiences lage ‘elaso-plastc shape change unl Teaching. condion of about te collapse, sa43 ‘equivalent stati earthquake load analysis on regular bulling structure £3 dimensional ina sais nays by reviewing aquivalnt eartnquake stat load, related {o requar ouldng structure properties which practcaly 2et as e 2 cimensional stuctire, £0 lis dynamic response i pracicaly only determined by its fest various response and can bs splayed as the result of equivalent state eartnquake load nate ‘equivalont stati earthquake load analysic oniregular bulléing structure 2.3 dimensiona liner stale analysis by viewing equivalontesrthquske state loads, which have been described from dstibuton of dynamic maximum level sheer force along the helght ofthe bulding received trom a 3 cimonsional ner elastic iynamic response analysis. 3448 weve propagation analysis. an anaysis To perform amplfcaton of eartiquake wave propagated from the base reck opin to the sol surface, wth data of soll above the hase rock and input earthquake ‘moversent on ine base rock asthe input ata, 3448 response spectrums order analysis an anayels methad o Selene 83 dimensional bung structure dynamic sponse which ‘acs futyelaste on an earthquake affect through an analysis method known asthe response Spectrum order anaiysis, wnere the total dynamic response of the buuding wil resul at 2 Suporpostion of maximum dynamic response of each order which wit fesul through & Design earthquake response spectrum. aaa liner time history dynamic response analysis fan analysis method io determine the history of dynamic response time of @ 3 cimensional, buling stucture which acts tly elas to ground movement cue tothe Design Eartnaucke ‘on nominal earthquake lascing vel as an Inu data, whore the dynamic respon in each time irerval fs csleulates using a direst ilegtalon method or can be trough a orcer snalysis method: fory dynamic response analysis, fan analyss metrod to determine the Fistor of dynamic response tine ofa 9 dimensiona: bling structure which acts fully lastc (Ine) ‘or elasto-pastic (now nie) fo etocna ‘movement due tothe Design Eartiquake on nominal eathquake loazing level as a int ‘ata where the dynamic response ofeach me Iniwval calculated using a Give tegration method, 34.2 Nominal Load aaza ‘ominal earthquake In nominal eartnquake toad is determined by 3 factors, which are: the number the toad probabity has been exceeded ina ta pered, bythe stucture ductility lvel expetientng ‘he earthquake, and by extra strength contained in the structure. According to thi slandars, ‘he scobabity thatthe load has been exceeded inthe buicing life span af SO years is #0.% ‘and earthquake which causes itis called Design Eartoquake (wth a resecurence peried of 500 years}, tne buiding duct level can be determines conforming th nseds, wis, be. ‘extra strength factor f, for bullding structures n general fs 1.6. Thue nominal carthquake load isthe toad by the effect of Design eathquake causing the fist yl In the bating ‘Stucke, whichis later reduced by an extra srongth factor, 3422 ‘nominal ve load working on the building structure ‘oa occuring due fo escupation or usage of the bung, by loads ftom people or moving ‘objects or machine and equipment and components which are nol fed par ofthe bung hich overll vals aro suc 96 so the grobablty to excoed the value in 8 erin time period is limited toa certain percartage. Generaly, probably to exceed the load ih the ‘ulding fe span of £0 years and is defied to be 10%, Neverheles, Sastned Ine load Usually set in bulding stucture loading standards can be conciecod as the nominal ive toa, 3423 nominal dead toad ‘oad from sown weight of all xed building parts inctusing walls ant partons, colurms, ‘beans, flor, 00, fishing, machines and equipment which are an insepereble par of he Bling which overal value is such 80 te prebablty tobe exceeded Ina cera fe Span is livted on a partcular percentage. Generaty the probabiy to excaed the load is nthe bulge span of 50 years and is defined fo be 0%, Neverheless, designed dead load Uusualy set in building structure loading standards can be considered es the nominal dead loa ‘sos 17252002 Page 30h343. Ductilty 3434 ‘uctly apabily of a buling to endure big pot-slastic detection repesteny and alternataly due to farthguake loading over earthavake load which cause he fst yielding. while ining sufcient strongth and rig, so the bulng structure vil stl star, abet at the condition of nearcolapeng a4a2 Guctty factor Fatio between the maximum deflection of the bulding structure when reaching the contin (of near colapsing snd bulng structure deflection when the fret ysiing occurs on the bulling stucuire a4a3 fully duetie 2 balding structure ducity level, where the structure is capable of post elas: deletion ‘when reaching the conditon of near the most severe calapes, whieh is by teaching @ ett factar 3. 3434 partial uci Al bulding structure ductity levels with intermediate duct factors fr fly este building Structure of 1.0 and for ly ductile bang 053, 324 shear wall 3444 Cantlever reinforced concrete shear wall 2 bulding steture subsystem which main funtion i to wihstand shear lee due to the Design sarinquake, whieh collapsing 's caused by tha banding moment (ot by shear fore) uth the oecurence of plastic orton fs fol, where the yield moment value can reach limited inrease due te stain hardening. Rao between height and with of shear wall ‘cannot be less than 2 and te wah cannot be less than 1.5 m, 3442 ‘Assembled reinforced concrete shear wall 4 building structure subsystem which main function isto withstand shear load due tothe Design earinavake, consising of two or more shear walls connected by connecting beams whlch colapsing occurs witha cetln dutty by the ocutrence of plas joints at both end ‘of the connecting beams and atthe feat ofall sear wall, where each yeld moment can ‘experience almost al fuy ue fo stan hardening. The rato between breacth an height of ‘connecting earse may nat exceed 4 sswos- 17282002 Pape ot32. Notation A” "Design Earthquake peak acceleration at nominal loading level 38 the inpul earthquake for dyname response analyst of time history of Bulg stucture ‘AG. Maximum response speed of maximum Earthquake Response Factor athe (Design Earthquake Response Spectrum ‘A Sol surface peak acceleration due to the Design Earthquake which depends on Solsmic zone and typeof soll where the bulling stele located ‘A. Numerator in the hyperbotic equation of C Earthquake Response Factor in the Design Earrquaxe Response Spectrum The largest horizontal magnitude of building structure map onthe exemined level, ‘measuied perpendicular to earthquake leading dection n subseol denoies the ‘ower structure © Ina subscript denoting concrata property © Earthquake Response Factor stato in gravity acceleration which value depends on ‘he natural frequency period of the buicing and which curve is shown in the Design Earthquake Response Spectrum. ©. Vertcal Eartnquake Response Factor to get equivalent siaic nominal vertical ‘earthquake foad ona bulking structure that has a high sensi o gravity load Earthquake Response Factor value fran! the Design Earthquake Response ‘Spectum for fundamental natural frequency period of he buizing siucure. 4 Ina subscript denotes the magnitude of design or shear wal, 4 Horizontal dotecton ofthe oor fom te reauts of 3 dmensional analysis of he ‘buicing stucure dvs to equivalent state nominal eatnauake lad cathing atthe center of gravity at storey toor levels, D. Nominal dead ioad which can be considered to be equal tothe design dead toad ‘set in uleing sructre loading standard, © Theoretical excentity between the center of gravy and center of rotation of floor levels ofa bung structure; a subscript denotes a faly elastic condton, % Designed eccenticity b betwoen the center of gravity end center of rotson of leer levels ofa buleng structure Concrete electricity modulus E. Nominal earthquake load which value ie defined by the probebity to exceed the load in 2 certain period, by the bulting ductity value y& expecencas and lad and material extra strength factor f ncuded in the ulng sbueture, ‘sma 17262002 Page 51605 4 & A Fi Fy ‘Stee elasticity modulus (=200 GPa) Total exe sength factor ineuded in overal bulking structure, a ratio between ‘maximum earthquake load due to te Desgn Earthquake which can be absorbed bythe bulging structure when reaching the condton of neer collapsing and nominal earthquake ioad Extra stongth factor in mates contained ina busing structure due to constant leading are crass secion dimension and excessive inslalee materia strength vweion vals ie dened a8 1.6 Extra stenath factor due to bulking structure hypestatic which causes {edstrbtion of ores bythe formation of plastic sn which isnot Suanecusly ‘synchronizod: rato belwoan maximum earquake load due othe effect of Design Eartuake absorbable by the buling stueture when reaching the conan of ‘near eollapsing and earthquake lad when the fst yelling occur, Equivalent static nominal horizontal earthquake load due to own inert force ‘acing atthe canter of gravity atthe level of each basement floors ofthe Buleing basement structs Equivalent stats nominal, hoczontal earthquake load eatehing at the cantar of ‘ay ate lovee! tna eof he bulding upper structure Equivalent state nominal horizontal earthquake load catching at the center of ‘raviy of the secondary component, erchtectue component and machine and ‘laccalinstlaion inthe most dangerous sartqusko direction, Gravitational aceterator 3: na subsp denotes a roling moment. ina subscript denotes the flor level o sol layer level Buling signifcance factor, a matipicatin factor of Design Earthquake effect st varius bulking cetegotes, to adust he recccurrence period of ine eartnauoke {elated tothe acjstment of probabty of the exceeding of the efector the He ‘ine of he bung an acjustment of te buiding age. [uilang signfcance factor to adlust earthquake reoccurrence period of the ‘equrement related to adjustment of probably of occurence ofthe earthquake luring the ite of he buen, ‘uleing slgoltcance factor to adst the earthquake recccurrence period relate to bulling age adusimnt mo9- 17282082 Page s.otesue ” Me Ma In a subscrigt denotes a bulding sructur column CCoeficien value of ampiiation of secondary response, ‘architecture component fF machine and electicty instalation, depending on slévston ofits postion to lateral clampag ivel, Nominal fve toad considered to bo equal to designed ive load defined in the bulging srucure osding standards, Tota sollayer above base rocks Bending more in generat Maximum oling moment of the upper structure af a bulding working onthe lower structure at lteral clamping fval when the Upper sicture is atthe condition of ear cllapsing due to emplementaton of total exta strength factor f Sonained in the upper strture or duo to final yield moment eect on plastic oi a he eat of all ecm and al shear wale. Nomina moment af buidng structure component Ina yield moment of plastic pints occuring at the ends of bung stvcture components, column fet. and shear wal fet when the ervture, eto te oct ‘of Design Earthquate, experiences the frst yekéing Intl yield memento plastijointoscuring on shear wat fet. Ina yield moment of plast joint cccuring on column os Flocr number ofthe top level (top for), total lors ofthe buldng structure, na a subsergtéenates nominal value Fest vue of Standard Penotration Test on a soll layer; normal freon general Result va of Standard Penetration Test on tha cilayer Weighted average value ofthe Standard Penetration Test of sof layers above the base cok wn sal layer thickness 2s tha weight vale. Ina subsept denotes secondary component architectural component ot machine sng eestiealnstaiton soe 262002 Pogo rotePI Re son 17262009 Component performance facter, reflecting secondary component signifance level, architectural Component. cr machine and sletical inctalaton in ts Perioance dung or afer tne carhavake happens, Pasty index of cy Nominal loading on a bung structure, which is @ combination of nominal load, ‘28cn without mutipoation by te load actor Utimate foacing on a bung structure, whichis a combination of ulite loads, producad by combination of minal loads, eat is multipind bythe load factor Earthquake reduction factor, 2 ratio between maximum earthauake fac due tothe Design Earthquake on the fly elastic bulaing srucure and nominal esrtnquake load due te the effect of Design Earthquake on ductile. bulding sbuctut, depending on ducity factor of the building structure: an imegular bulding structure representative earnquake reduction factor Maximum earthquake reduction factor to be given by one type of system or subsystem ofa buling stucure, Nominal stength of 2 buling structure, pruced by nominal strength of is ‘components, each without mllpcatn bya recucton factor. Utimate strength of a bung structure, produced by he ulimate stengih of is compononts, thats the nominal stength, each multpd by the reducton factor. Earthquake reduction factor for earthquake loading at x-axls econ on regular pling stucture Ecthquake reduction factor for earthquake losing aty-avis direction on regular bling stuctre Ina subscipt denotes subsystem, structive, or stel Non fowing shear strong of roller Non fowing sheer sttengt of be + so ayer ‘Weighted average non owing shear stength ith sol tayers asthe weight value “Thickness ofthe # so ayer. Bulking structure natural frequency period stated in seconds which determines the ‘magnitude of Eathauake Response Facoy ofthe busing structure whch curve ls 03%: = 1998+0.1 a ees tiTe-01b @ and selected between both which ello is the mest dotamining forthe examined bling structure component or subsystem. 6.44 In designing a bulding structure against the effet of Desion Earthquake, designed {eccentity es Between the canter of gravity andthe center of rotation at ths storey ftoor accorcng to Article 64.3 must be examined bath in 3 clmensiona staic snaysis and dyramic nays. 55 Structure riety 55.1. In & building desion agains! olfect of Design Earthquake, the affect of coneete ‘racking on structural companents of venfored concrete, prestressed concrete and ‘compost sel must be calculated against rig. Forth, the moment of neta ofthe structure cross section ean be determined to be equal fs the moment oferta ‘of comolete cose secion with a coes sectional eflaciveness pereentage 98 folous. ~ Tor open ceinforced concrete fame column and beam |: 75% © for cantover reinforced concrete shear wall 50% ~ for connected reinforces conerote shear wat 50% + wal component experiencing axial tension 50% * wal component experiencing axial compression 80% * conectng beam component wih diagonal reinforcement: 40% * comectng beam corsponent with longitudinal enforcement: 20% ‘sus 126200 Page 860552 Concrete modulus of elastic Ey must be defined socordng to qualy (compression strength) of concrete used, while steel modulus of eastcly Is detned as Ea 200GPa 5.5.3. In designing bulding structure against effect of Design Earthquake, stuctral component igisty defined in Article 5.5.1 must be used in bat 3 dmensiona slate ‘and dynamic analysis. 56 Limitation of fundamental natural frequency period ‘To prevent a usage of over fexble bubding siuetue, the fundamental natural frequency perod 7; of the bulling stucture must be linited, depending On the oeticlent ¢ forthe Seismic zone where building ie located and as storey leat nts accord t the equation Taga 5) “where the cooticient is defined according to Table 8 ‘Table 6 Coefficient ¢ limiting the fundamental natural frequency period ‘of building structures (—Seteatezens > ;-—38—— ois ow oe | os J 87 Effect of Osta A balding stucture which height measured from the stra clamping loves more than 10 stores or 40 m, must be caculated against the eect of Pedeta, whieh ts a Phenomenon appearing on ‘lexbie bulling stuctue, where the lige sdeway ‘efletion dus i lateral earnquake load esusing adsona atta load due to rllng ‘moment occuring by gravity which meting pln defects sideways 58 Earthquake loading direction 581. In designing bulting structure, the main drecton of efect of Design Earthquake ‘must be defined so It wil gve the largest effect on subsystem components and overall bulldeg sructure sys. 58.2 To simuiste the diection of any effect of Design Earthquake on the Duling ftrutur, the effect of earthquake loading in the main direction dened by Arise 58.1 must be assumed to be 100% ofectve and must be assumed fo occut simutanecusly with the effec of earthquake loacin in the necpendicler direction on ‘he main dection ofthe loading, but ely win 30% effectiveness. ‘sm.oa- 1726208 Page 27 635 Regular bulding structure design ‘84 Equivaiont static nominal earthquake load , 6.4.1 regular bulng structure can be designed against norinal earthquake foading due {9 eect of Design Eartnauake inthe avecton of each main axe ofthe suture map, In form of equivalent static nominal earthquake load, which is defies fuer in he folowing artes. 64.2 If building catagory has & Signfeance Factor of 1 according fo Table 1 and its stucture for a main axis of the structure map and loading. drecton of Design Earthquake has & earthquake ceucllen factor R and fundamental tur! foqueney pet Ts, the equlvaient state nominal base shea lad V eackring st the baa level an be calculated according to the equation cu Sty, 28) v. \whoro ©; ig the Earthquake Response Factor roesived from the Design Earthquake Response Spectrum arcoaing to Figuce 2 fer fundarertal natural feqvency period “Ty, while Wy the buldng total weight, includieg the corasponding ve load 6.4.3 Nominal basic shear load V according te Arle 6.1.2 must be disrbuted along the height ofthe hulaing svucture to be equivalent state rominal eahavake loads F \wotkng atthe Centar of gray athe ove acorsing to onvaton wa, on wire Wis the flgr weight ofthe f foo incuding coresponding ve los, zis the foe aight ofthe Foor measured om atera!clamsng fvel ascarding fe Arte 5:12 and Arle 5.13, when the nomber of te tpmest lve! floor 5:14 If the ration between the height of the bulling structure and Its map size In the ‘arinquake acing dvecion equals or excooding 3, then 0.1 V must be conseres 4s a horizaral loads centvalizd atthe center of gray ofthe uppermost level, wile the remaining 09 V must be distrted along the neWght ofthe bulding svucture to be equlvalert static nominal earthquake load accoring to Arice 6.13. {64.6 On the tank above the tower, equivalent static nominal earthquake load V must be considers fo work at the center of gravty ofall bling structure and tank and its conte 162 Fundamental natural frequency period 162.1. Fundamental natural frequency period of a regular bulsing structure in each main ‘as drecton canbe determined usiog Reyeigh formula as folows: sm o3-srabzce2 Page 280185we 163) 5— 28 \oxsra ° where Wand F; have the seme meaning as mentioned in_Aricle 6.1.3, his the horizontal deflection of the i foor sated in mm and "gis the gfewtational _s0celertion dened tobe S810 mrsoc! 6.22 Ifthe fundamental natural frequency period T, af building structure fr determination of the Earthqueke Response Facter C, according to Ale 6.1.2, defined using ‘empitical formulas or from a 3 dimensional fee Wbalion analyse result values Cannot fer mare than 20% of caleuited values according ta Artele 6.24, 159 Equivalent state analysis Considering that on regular bling structure, nominal earthquake loading duc to effect of Design Earthquake can be displayed as equivalent state nominal earthquake loads F, ‘working atthe center of gravy of storey floor, the effect of ine equivalent slats Nominal earthquake ‘oads can be analyzed sing s common 3 dimensional slate {analysis metiog wherein this case tis ced 3 dimensional equivalent state analysis 7. regular building structure design 7.4 Terms for dynamic response analysis TAA For regu bung which dues not salty the coquirerent sated in Atice 42.1, the effet of Design Earthquake on the bling structure must be determined tough a 3 dimensional dynamic response analysis. To preven! the responce of bulging siructure on earthquake lasing dominant retaton, trom the anaiysis eat ‘ofthe 3 dimensional fee vibraton, at least the frst (undamertal) order movement ‘must be dominant in two tansiaton 74.2 ineauler buiding structure cuctity must be defined to be representatvely representing a 30 structure ductty. The duclty level canbe sated In a ‘epresentatve earthquake reduction factor R, which valve can be called 2 8 Welghted average value of earthquake response factor for 2 rection orthogonal ‘crordinate axis wih basic shear force working on the bulding structure at each Croction as the weight value according to equation ve 2) \ivere Rx and V." is the earthquake response factor and basic shear force for earthquake toadng in x directon whe Rand Vi he earthquake response factor ‘and basic shear lod for earthquake leading in y efecto. The maton can only be Used if the ratio beiween earthquake response factor veivos fr the 2 earrhqueke leading drectins donot exeoed 1.5 sw onan oc Page 29etea74.8 The final value of bulking stuctue dynamic response on nominal earthquake leading due to eect of Design Earthquake in a parcularcrecton cannot be taken Jess than 80% of tho fit order rosponce value. Wf the buldeg stuctue dynamic ‘esponee is stated in nominal ase shear force, the requitements can be stated _ccoraing to the folowing equation: veoay, (20) ‘here Vsisthe nominal basle shear force a the fs der response on dua to affect ef Design Earthquake according to equation y= oo with Gy isthe Earhquake Response Factor cesuting fom the Design Earthquake: Response Spectrum accoraing to Figure 2 forthe frst natal requency peod Ty 1 Is the Sinifeance Factor according to Table 1, ard Ris tte representative earthquake reduction factor of the respective bulding stucture, while Wis toll weight ofthe Bulag ineuaing covtesponding Ive loa. 7.2 Response spectrum order analysis 7.24 regular buldeg svuctue dynamic retponse caleultion on nominal earthquake loading due to effet of Cesign Earthquaxe can be done usig response epectumn ordoranalyss using a Design Zarthquake Response Spectrum aczarang to Figure 2 whieh orainate vale is calculated ith a comection faci UR. where | the Significance Factor according to Table 1 wile R isthe represeriatve earhavake reduction factor fom the respectve bulling stuctue. In this case total vibration beer examined in the ore eeporse total ving this method shal be Such nat mass Daricpaton in producing taal response must reach at east 90%. 72.2. Summing of order responses mentioned in Artic 7.2.1 fer itegular building structure Which has adjacent natural frequency periods, must be done ising a method kxown as the Complete Quadrate Combination (CA). The natural feqvency period must be considered sdiacent, tel diference i lese than 5%, For inagular bung structure which has a signfcanty diferent natural frequency periods, summing of the order responses can be done using a method caled Square Roo! ofthe Sum of Squaros (SRS) 7.2.3 To satisfy he requtements conforming to Arce 7.1.9, the vals nominal fvel shear force due fo effet of Design Eartnquake along the height ofthe buldng structure from the analysis of response specrum in an particular cresin, must be calculated witha Seale Factor ‘where Vs the nominal basle shear oad 2s the fst onder dynamic respanse only fn Vis the nominal basi enea foros ftom te performed response spectrum order analysis result. ‘ous 17282002 Page 20 es7-24 If requited, ftom the reminal level shear force diagram or cure due to etfec of Design Earthquake along te height ofthe bulding streture which valve hae been adjusted ascordng to Aticle 7.23, the respecive equivalent state. nominal earthquake loads can be determined (a diferenee of shear force ffom 2 ceneceuivs level), which # necessary theis dagrams are modiieg consorvatvaly fist to gel 2 Detter cistiouton of equivalent stale nomial earthquake loads along the length ct ‘ulding strecture, This equvaient state nominal earfiqvake leads can Cn Be used In a common 3 cimensional equivalent analyse, 7.3 Time history dynamic response analysis 7.3.1. if required, calculation of regular busing structure dynamic response on the etect ‘of Design Earthauake, can be dore using a3 imansional dynamic analyte metiod in form of tine history lier and nonsnte: dynamic respoise wit an earthquake. ‘2ccelerosram quantifies 2s the movement of input se 7.3.2 For designing a building structure trough the tne history liner dynam analysis to the effect of Design Earthquake on nominal earthquake level, th orignal sol suitace accaleraton ftom the input eaccuake must be scaled ta the nomial earthquake leading level, 0 is peak aeceteraton value A becomes: aA o where A. isthe peak acceleration of soil surface according to Table 5, Ris the representative earthquske reduction factor ofthe respective uling srt, wile | 's the Signifance Factor according fo Table 1. Furhermore, the tequtencn in Aricle 7.1.3 must als be satsfed and ths tha Scale Factor used is smart at Sefined in Arce 72.3, only here Vis the maximum basic shear force ectuing at ‘he ground level resulting fom Le time Nistor response analysis result Jona, n sis analysis, the structure absorbance to ealeiate san be deformed 5% of een! ‘absorbance, 7.3 To study the post-lastic properties of the bulng stuctue on elect of Design Esnnquake, 2 time history nonliner dymanve responce analyses most be dose, ‘where the orginal sll surface acceleration of the input earthquake must be Estos, thus its peak acceleration value wil equal Ay, where Ay is the peak accaertion af s0l surface according to Table'5 andl is the Significance actor according to Tablet 7.34 Input earthquake sccelerogram examined in tha tme history lnier and nor-inler dynam response analysis, must be ten fem the sol movement record caused by the earthquake received 3t a lecation with sinlar goologial,lopographicl and ‘seismotoctoic conan with the locaton where te examined bung fs ocated. reduce the uncertainty about this locaton, at least 4 accelerograms of 4 diferent earthquakes must bo examined, one of which must be an acceleogram of fe El Gent NOS Earthquake recorded at May 15, 1940 9 Cafornia. 7.3.8 Because soi movement cased by an earthquake at a location cannot be predicted Precisely, os an input earthquake, eimusted sol movement can also be. Used, sw os sraeao0e © Pages tesParameters determining this simulated soll mevement among else consiss of sol predominant vibration period, response specrum coniguravon, movement curation and earthquake intersty 8 Building Swucture Pertormence 84 Service Limit Performance 8.4.1 Sonics lint performance of a baiting stuctue 's defined py the inteevel defection duet eect of Design Earthquake, whicn isto ml the cotarence of soe! Yieling snd excessive concrete cracking, besides to also prevent non stuctral damage and disconvor for the intabtanis. Ths Inter-evel deflection must be balculated from the bulcing structure daPacton due to effect of Design Earthavake which has been dived by @ Seale Factor 84.2. To salsty the requirements of bulaing structure service tmitperfermance in all specs, interievel defecion calcuated ‘fom the bulging structure. defection sctrdng Wo Ac 6.1.1 may note exceed 803 of height the respective tere! o 30 nm, whichever is ower, 82 Ultimate Limit Performance 821 The ulimate tint porforsnce of the building structure is determined by the flection and maximum intravel deflecdon ofthe bling structre due to fect of Design Earthquake wien the bulding structure is near colepsing, 10 lint the ‘occurrence possibly of bullaing stuctue colapeing which ean cause human Casualties and to provent dange-ous cnlisins between buldngs or betwoeh fearhavake load pars separates by soparalon space (duataton ‘earanee). Conforming 16 Article 4.23, theee defocton and inerlavel defecon, mst Be = determined ‘Table 10ana Table 11 10.5.4 The natural frequency period of secondary components, srohtecture components land machine and electal installation, which valus is adjacont fo nats! equensy ered of the bullding supporting them must be avoided, because they wil cause dangerous resonance phenomenon, ifthe natural fequency perod rato Between both is between 0.6 and 1.4, the component performance factor P mist be rmultpies by 2, exceptifa specal analytes done, ‘sms 128-2002 Poot a7 oteTable 10 Performance factor of components for secondary and architectural ‘components "toler a et cores or ube pct we oss ‘ 1 j 2 Selon 2 cat eee nrg ne oatary arc eh ne wih ‘hanes oN ec ‘ah ntl ea urn moms ett rir 2 adsorp niga pena ca se renga cannes Soledoyoneetacte Cn nt ai eyes ad wy Cutrg Wn we a Sensi ea ane 2 Ugdderaes tama bantr | % Nl oge ral nah gon el ot es . Jame . | oka treatin ce ote lesen . 4 teary | ‘see ” | yatta wscrguce ° ‘eyo de ae : |= ney sett onsarger gat : {ty set anoae 4 1 eemermetes goa a | a cman quant wi sn Hy oon a on ene ‘ }Appendix A EXPLANATION A.A Wi this efectuaton ofthis Standard, this article stesses on the cancelation of the old standard, SN 09-1728-1969. This is important, because sceong to ths Standart, the Design Eartnquake has 2 reeccurrenes pviod of 500 yours hile he i standarés states It as 200 years Ile known hat an earthquake tacecurencs gets longer, is eect on a bulding siete gets worse. Furhenmors, I iis Standar6 a new definition is given about types of soll wien difars with thse in the old sanders. Thus, is clear that the old standard cannot be used any longer Nevertheless, earthquake resistance of an existing bulding structure designed cs ld stardaré gonaraly sil apples. Soveral easone wil conten this. Fist he sarthquske recucton factor Ractording to the cla standard ts relavey lower than the value in tis standaré. For exam, for fuly ductity stucture, in the old Standarc R= 6, while inthis Standard, R= 8.5, so the earthquake loads to conser inthe old and new standard do not iter much. Both, with ew Sol ype detntion, ‘any sol types which aocerding othe old standard i considered as Soh Sol ns Standacd are calogotzed into Mudium Sol, so the caiuated earthquake load wil ‘appreach each other more, Th, exiting tualdings heve run part of esr ages, 0 ih the seme rakof occurrence of buling structure calapsa in thelr remains sg, the earthquake load to consider wil be relatively lower than fis this Standard for ew bulings, AA2 This ace sales that this Standard does not apply for buldings mentioned in the ariel. Neverthless, min principles defied in tis Standard also 2oply for he Dulangs, as long as thelr ductity values and other specie properties are sdjusted Evicenthy, definition of sol types, Indonesian seismic zone map and respomee spectrum apy for bth ‘AAS This arte in short expiains the shilosophy of earthquake resisiance design of a Dulaing stcture, when is because of song earthquake, 2 sucht Wil ‘experience severe damage, but barause I dol eollapse, bum cesusties can Be Provonted, while in ight earthquake, the occupancy comfon is sil gusrarteed, ‘occurring damage is repavable and building Kncton val services canst ru, ‘AS Terms and Notations ABA. Notation In this arlele, definition of various types of analysis faced inthe buiding structure teaquake resistance design ls given, so there [eno other interpretation about the fsnaiyss ater than the one defined in this arile. Furthermore, iis arts also I Because te ‘Sertiqueke reoccurrence period. ie more tian SOD years, Post earthquake Important buldings (nospial, clean water installation, power plant, emorgency ‘rescue center and rado and television facies), building posing hgh rik to the environment f damaged by an earthquake (serage for dangerous materals) endangering nearby buldings It colapses because of an earthquake (chimney, fank above « towe), have a silar usabily ago wih general union budge, labieh is about 50 Years, 0 lz = 1.0. But the probabity ef occurence of the ‘earthquake during the Ife span ofthe buling must be fferentated an al! must be less than 10%, 30 In! because the earthquake reoccurrence period is more ‘han 600 years. The combination of |, and fp for several bulldng categories = etined in Table 1, lnetucing ts | mulipleaton.42. Regularand regular building structures AA2A Aan ‘A buleing steture can be ealegorzed into requa: building stuctr, it sasted the tems given in tis arile. Ths regular buldng structure ie generally symmetic in the map with siucture system formed fy system supporting lateral loed wth perpencicular deecton and paral to orthogonal main aie of the map. I fc the 2D analysis coordinate ens is taken paraiel to te drection of main axis of sructuwe map, then 2 ftee vibration analysis Is done, on the regu bulleng Sucre, the frst order movement wil be dominant in ranslation inthe diecion of fone main axs, while the second order movamant wi be domineat i ransaton or {he other man axis. Thus, ine 3D structure of reguatbuiing practical acs as & 20 structure in each ofthe main ans. til be expained iatr (see 46.71 ha the ‘fest of eartnquake on requir buing structure by Implementing Order Analysis method can be considered as a equivalent slate eartquake load calculated only sits fundamental ard dynam responsa, ta buieing stucture does not satisfy the terms defined In Article 4.2.4, we are ‘leaing win an iregular buling. Far Ineguler bullng stustors, the aftect of earthquake on the bulding must be analyzed dynameaiy. By implemeriing Order analysis method, the response on dynamic earthquake i & superposition of ‘tame response of paripating orders. A.4 Building Structure Ductity and Nominal Earthquake Loading aaat Aaa From ths at, itis sown tat on fuly elastic stucture, the stuctue condition of near cotapsing reached along the fest yielding in the ctructe (& = 8). Furthermore, this atcle defines that net al types of bulsing suture sysiom can ‘ac fly ductile by reaching x= 5.3. The maximum duct value un teechable by Various suture systems is de‘ined in Table 2 For desigring bulling uct, the value can be selected by the planner himee or the bldg owmer, as long ‘satis 1.0 su sty, Furthermore, 500 A434, Assumptions adopted in this arele, is that dutty bulling stuctue and ful elastic bulding structure due to eet of Design Eariauake shows equal maximus deflection by isthe conaton of near colspsng (constant maximum displacement ‘ule), usualy adopted in earthquake reeisiance desgn standards for Bulg structure to get a simple correlation botwaen Vy and Ve rough. This assumetion is conservaive, because In real condo, ‘ductiy. busing, svete. Moa ‘elatively lager by than elastic butding sructie, 30 has a reativaly large than the one assumed. The adopted assumption is wistalzed in the load-etletion ‘dagram (V5 ciagram) shown in Figure Pt ‘sn.0a- 726.2008 Paget oraSs v, v ; » vo aaa i > a i ch ale oe o 8% & v Figure Pt Loadideflection diagram (V's) dlagram of building structure 43.3 In tis arco, cominal earthquake loading Vp Is defined due to effect of Det Earthquake that must be axamined in buldng stucture deeign, The V. vawve cartainly will be lower than Wy in such so the enveonment Valo represents ‘tra strength factor ard load end materalf, contaned In a bulding stucture. This ‘extra strength factor is formed by the installed sengih of stueture components to plan dough We Factored Load and strength Design. Theoretical, te minimum value of f fe tho mulpcaion of load factor and msleral factor used in the Factored Load and Strength Design, whichis f= 1.05 115 #12. inthis case, the material factor Is the recorocal of capacty reducton Tarte (= 14). In roaly, there is always excessive structure component strength, because total Instaled reinforcements or profes is more than necessary, 0 In general, fy > 12. For Dutding srucure in general, according to several researches, the scl representative f; vale is about Meanwhile, the earthquake response facto valve changes folowing the change of value conforming equation (6). Tale 2 shows ‘he R values fr various i values, Visually, the comelaton among Ve Ye, Vy, Ve 5 and Rls shown i Figure Pt Equation (@) is te basic equation to determine nominal earthauake loading athe bulking stucure. IY is known, for example by ealcualon of cass secon capacity of installed components or from static push ‘oad analysis of overall [ructu, then Vy = Vy If Ve is known, for exartole tom analycal calculation through fesponss gpecrum dynam response analyse, then Va = Ve. For the Inter, sis certain mut be known fst fee As 3.6) ‘A424 This aticle definas Table 3 that contsine the maximum ductility factor valoos jn hich ean be given by several busing structure system or subsystem tyes fam {he results of various researches, alang the respective Ra values. Fr each system or subsystem willn in Table 3, we can vertany select a value wich is lower than its in value. Alower selected values shows a higher eartnquake load to be absorbed by the bulling stuctue, but the required dtaling wil be simpler In ‘orelation Betwoen components ofthe structurAaas A436 ‘This arile gives an opportunty to the planner to assemble overall structure system type fom padicuar eubeystom ‘pes with Known R vas, The Fepresentative R value of overall svucture then calculated from eauaten (7), which shows the welgnten average value with base shear load working al sath subsystem as the weight value. Fortis, @ preliminary analyse of the building ‘sucture required based on a random earthquake load (random R) to ge he ‘allo ofbase sheer load working on each subsystem, Fr uncommon structure system lypes, which generally have unknown x value, he Value must be found first using radonal methods, for instance through a sale push lead analysis. From this analysis, 8, and ay can be found, 0 can be calculated, Furthermore, fom the analysis, V; ie also known, 80 V can be esleuated by dng ity 6 Ad4 Factored Load and Strength Design Ades In this acl, Factored Load and Strenath Design ie formulated in general wih the fotowing philosophy. structure or sbuctue component ofa buiding fs sate f Ree 20, or RyQy2 1 oF Em R/O, = 0. The distribution of tho Cn RYO, component shows 2 bell shaped curve which has a standard deviaton = 3s shown In Figure 2. By nvodicng 2 ceiabilly index 8, the Fr RJ, component value targeted 1 hhave a particular probabty 1 excoed ean be stated aa the average value ef Ino {én R/C, component minus B » mutialeatan ae shown in Figure P2. Aor ogreed ‘n genera, thatthe capacity recucton factor @ and lead factory must show a vale combination in such a way tht the én R/O, component value target fs reached uth the reabiy index of atleast B= 3 fr leading combination by dead oad ord lve toad and atleast f= 2 for loating combination by dead load, ive lad, and earthquake Toad. it Is based on th term, varoue design etavdords define combination off and values which can be diferent among stansars, yet satisty ‘he valu target sated above t £n(R 10.) ——> Figure P.2 Distribution ofthe Ball-Shaped In (R. 10.) Component ‘sw.oa- 7282002 Page 2663AAG2 Vales of load factors yp, and ye are not glven in ths atl, because they ara aveady defined in bulling structure toadng standard Jor In applicable concrete Istoel standards. The sare also apples to capacity reduction faciers ¢ which ‘Values are not given inthis Standard, because thas been determined in appicadle ‘Concrete and ste! standards. inthis case, itcan be noted hat acsoring Ue several researches, combination of loed factors ‘and capacly reducton fetor dened | Indonesian standards, have satsfed the targeted minimum mentioned in At A443 Not many researches have been done about nominal value of deat load and Wve load, because to ge! an accurate ditrbution system, the research wl ecuire @ long ime forth feof he bung) to get an accurate cstibuion curve. Thus, 25 Tong as the nowinal vlues of bot types oF load are not yet walabe, thei values ddd a5 the design lod value in varous loading standards can be used. im European terature, tominal leeds called cheracteriatilood Aas Capacity Design ‘AAS: The dcily factor ofa bulng isa bass for determining earhquake load working ‘na bulding structure, Thus, the achiovemert of expected dutty level must be {atentsed. This can oceur by determining 2 requirement caled “strong column ‘aeak beam’ 5 defines in th ariel This means that due to effect of Design cake, plas joints Inthe bulding srucure may ony aceur on beam ends Figure P3,téeal collapsing mechanism of a building structure with plastic Joints formed on beam ends, column feet. ‘48 Soll Types and Propagation of Earthquake Wa AAG. Earthquake wave propagates through the base rock below the soll sutace. From the cepth of this base rock, ine eartnqueke wave then propagates to the sot Stace whi experiencing ampliicaton, depending on how many ayers of sot are ‘over the base rock. 1s this toll movernent amplification that must bo determined by pecorming an earthquake wave propagation anays's mentioned inthis aca Furthermore, tis atela stresses that each acceleregram contains uncertainty 19 be used ata locaton. Thus, at east 4 acceloroprams from separate earthquakes ‘must be examined. The El Cento Earthquake is taken as the standa‘d, pecause fs Aacceterogram contains a wide frequency, recorded at medium distance fom the ‘pices and with meu (nt extome) ampitud. ‘sus 1798200 Page 4 869A4e2 Ase Adee AAT BATA ‘This aticle gives a definiton about base rock based on two ere, which are the result value of Standard Penetration TastN and shear wave propagation speed ve In practice, general the fst definition is the one veed, considering tat the N value is ‘standard data always found in geotecrmeal investigation resut of 2 ‘tgy whe to get he v, value, special tests are requted on the ata I both erttia ‘are avaliable, tne ceteining cteron isthe one that reste na soe rock ype ‘This article gives 4 definition of types of Hard Soi, Madium Sol, and Sof Soi based on thee clera: tie shear wave propagation speed v.the resul value a the Standard Penetration Test N and non flowing sheer srengih S, To determine ‘ype of sol encourtered, at least 2 ofthe 3 erteria must be avaiable, where te terion that produces th softer sot Is the determining ono, If al 8 citera re avaiable, the foe of sol srcounteed must ba supported by a least 2 ciel From various researches, it's apparent that only the 30m Uppermost layer wi T, coreiates with me response speed which hos Tied value \ariousinvestgation resus show that Ay ranges betwoen 2 Ay and 3 As, $0 An = 2. Aa is an average value considered sutable for design. Then, for vareus investigation resut Is also apparent thet 28 a good approach, for Hard Sol, Medium Soi, and Sof Sol types, te comer natural frequency period T, can be ‘akon 05 second, 08 sacond, and 1.0 sozond respectively Tho effect of vertleal errtnquake ‘Te experience form the Norhordge Earthquake (1964) and the Kobe Garnquake (1995) nave shown thet many butting components that have a high sens tty ‘ueinat gravy load, experienced severe damage due to Soll movement vertical ‘acceleration. This ale defines what components to exanine against the eect of \verteat acceleration ofthe sol movement The real dynamic reeponee ana}sio of the componenis agsinst the sol vertical movement due to an earthquake % very complicated, because thee Is an inaction between overall component response {and sietural response. Thus, n this acl, the problem ie emit By earning the effect of sil moverentveral spood du the earthquake as an equlvalent ‘tae nemina varteal earthquake loco ‘can be understood thatthe vertcal component of sol movement due to tre effect ofthe earthquake wil relatively gets bigger I the examined lation i closer othe epicenter. In this artole, soll movement vecal acceleration Is defined ss mulipietion of = coeficient y with soll surface peak accalration A, As the ‘seismic ofan area gets higher, the area is closer tothe epicenter, so the vale of {he coefcienty incresses rom 05 to 0.8, or Zone Area fom 1 to 6, cording fo ‘Tobe 7. Equation (20) shows that in the vertical decton, the stucture ie eesuod {0 completayfaliow soi vertical movement, not dapensing on ts natura frequersy petlod and ductity. in this equation, the earnavake response fetes constered to have been calculated. Later, he factor I 0 be determined by tne catogory of bulaing we eal with ‘0 03- 17252002 Page ar ot69A. Building structure general design ‘ASS Upper structure and lower structure Agta As12 Asta AsAa ASAS Tn designing Bulging structure with intemal basement consting of mul tyers, there isa compleate sollstuctre interaction problem. The protiem wil gel roe Compleat, 1 sevra: hgh raise buscings have one common basemen. Thus, this Atle simplifies the robiem by separating the examination of upper structure fem the lower stucture By separating the examination of upper structure and lower structure, the upper structure can be considered to be clamped tothe greund far level, whe the lower Structure can be examined a5 a separate SD sruchre uncsrgound wich ‘experiences a loading fem the upper stucure, rm sown ner force and om the surounding ol This eric defines the lateral clamping lov! of the upper stvcture, there is no basement, ‘though solstucture interaction Is nol examined, sometimes Imparfet clamping ‘on column feet an shear wall fet are eansisered. Ths mperfec: camping fin foxm of atral an rotational deformation atthe elamplng love, and carts the ‘effect ofboth on te upper structure must be calevatod. [As each earthquake overt, tis impossible fora bulking upper structure to show @ ‘good behavior te ower sete has fad eae. To pravent the occurence of '3uch phonomenon, the ower stoke must be designed fo ac fuly else al the fine, Thus, noma load th wor stture as the aft of Daign Earhquska, ‘must be defined based on j= 7 ang R= f, = 1.6, a8 apples for fully eastic Sucre, A52 Earthquake load supporting structure As24 A522 As23 In ths atc, stressed that ll stucure component, both parts fom subsystem ‘oF parts of overalstucture system, must be calculated to support the effect of Design Earthquake. Basically, tere may not be stucture components which Partepeions are ignored in supporting te effect ofthe earthquake, except Selsfed Arise 522 [After it I proved thot earthquake load suppor participation of a component or ‘stucture system sles than 10%, the patcipaion can be ignored. Nevertheless, ‘he component or stucure system must be calcuisted against building stucture detection ue to he eect of nominal earthquake, the bulngstucture ats fly clase “This artcle ropeats the forms in Table 9 for doutle system. It means thatthe open portals wich havo a rolatvaly lw latralrigity Sol have ¢ particular minimum instaled. stength, to give @ beter guarantee of good resistance against cerinquske, 09-1798 2002 Page oteAS3_Lavel floor as a diaphragm Agat Asaa Asa3 With the assumption that level fors (as also conerate rf and floors with es) working 28 a daphragm, which means i has a Uemendous rigly on ts plane, ‘han on earthquake load of each storey level there are. cagrees of feedom, which ate wansiatons In each coordinate axis arection and relation trough Ytaton Center af the for level ‘The rotation center of level Noors according to this article Is unique foe each bulsing structure and does not depend on earthquake load cstibuton song the eight ofthe busing sricture, Due tothe earthquake foad working atthe center of ‘ray located eccentrcally onthe level oor rotatiun center, the vel foot shows types of defection, they are vanslatons in each drecton of coorinate ahs ond fotaton through the love oar rotaton center, according tothe egress of eedam the bulding has (see AS.5.1) Thus, the effect of Design Earmauate on balding suet must be analyzed in 3D, Bathin state and dynamie analysis Rotation canter isnot the center of rig or the center of shear as also known in sructure engineering. The center of rig ofa building structure is pont seach level (between two floors) which I shear load ofa levels wereng nthe bulding Jainty, lle building structure (whlch means al levele and foors) does not otal, but ont ransates. Thus, the oener of igi is rot unique er 2 ulirg structure, but depends on earthquake load datributon slong the height of te bad ‘sructure, Examination ofthe contr of rity ls not rlevant nthe cortex of teed ‘sor rotaion mavement ‘This arte desines design eccontcty between the center of gravity sd the ‘enter of rtation at each level floor, considering tha in realty the socentcy can iver for fom the theoretically calulted value. There ate. 2 sources of the version. The frst source is a dyramic. amplicon due ‘0 not-inver stucue behavior on ‘post esto earthquake loading stop. The second source Is tte fistence of ‘rotation component of sot moveron: though a vertical ax, ference in stucturerigaty valu, ste! veld stranath vale, dad load val, and lve Toad value and dstibuton, between the theoretical calulted. and eal condtion values. Corelated to the 2 aforementioned sources of diversion, the esign eccenticly ey consists of 2 component. The fest component which is 8 funtion of theoretical ecconticty & ito handia the lect of frst sowce The secord companent which is a function of the largest horconal magnitude. of buiting stucture map, perpendiauar to earthquake load dsction bis to handle the second efect source. The effect of the frst source Ie more dominant allow cceninity (O 0.3 b). Atthe mt of ¢» 0.3, th resuting design ey cetaisy equal 9 03-17262002 - Page ate‘ASA4 This arte stresses that the design eccertricty balween the center ol gtavily and the canter of ristion must be examined ath in state analyss and cynamic ‘analysis. I is considered not reasonable to aferetate the eecentncly in Both ‘ype of analysis ASS. Structure rgidlty ‘ASA In iis artele, the method for determination of effective moment of inata of Structure component cross secton ls standardzed, wnefe the deine’ efactve percentage af the crose section ie based on the resus of various resbarches, ‘Thus, everalstacture sgidty Is cleuiated Bough a unform method, 20 the situcture behavior (defecton, natural frequency period) can also be studied ‘rough unform enter 6.8.2 This arte provides the terms about meduluselestty of concrte E and meduis last of steel E, AS... This arte stesses thatthe sffectve moment of inertia 2s deine in Article 5.5.4 bo in staic analysis and dynamic analysis to calculate defection and ‘eturalrecuency period af he ulaing svucture It consdeced no reasonable fo Gfereniat rity calculation int tha two fypas of analysis A.6.6 Limitation of fundamental natural frequency period Usage of an over-loxslebulding steture shat bo prevented. In tis aril, ils ‘done by iming the value ofthe tundamontal frequency pared. There are & periods {oii the fundamental requency period ofa buldng structure, which are To prevent excescive P-Deta effec, te revert excessive Intarievel delecton on earthquake loading fvel which ‘causes the Ht ye, which Iso ensure the conor’ of oocupany snd tot te Posstity of stucture damage due to steel violding and excessive concrete ‘racking and non strustare damage to prevent excessive iferfeve deflection at manvimun earthquake loading level, which Isto im the possibly of stucture collapsing wih wil cause human ‘casuatien {0 avoid too low installed sructure strength (capaciy). considering thet the bulging ‘structure with long. fundamental frequency period absorbs. low ‘rtnquate lad (seen ftom C-T response spectrum) , so occuring itera free inthe structure components produce ow installed strength In this arte, the fundsmenta frequency period tt values ofa bung structure fe defined 2s a mutipication of cosiient& and tla level n owned by the Bing. In Table 8, the coefciont& is defined asthe function of Selsmie zone seismic where ‘he bulding srucure resides. Ths is considering tat the tower the seismic, the lass Figure P4 : Nominal evel shear force diagram along ‘the height of building AT3_Time history dynamic response analysis ara araz This ala Canes that to study bulting structure Behavior for each gecond the earthquake works, elastic of post sas,» time history liner and nominer response analysis canbe done. For nominal earthquake leasing level whore structure response stil acs fly laste, peak aceleratin of input earthquake must be scaled to bs A as | equation (G3). tis equation, the factor 11s to calculate the earthquake lost to be Nominal ethquak loading. sw a5-2002 Page state‘A733 For tlloading lve! by the Design Earthquake, where the stuctre response has ‘entered elastopasi ove, peak acceteration of mput earthquake Ws fully equal to Ay. The. factor | is ance move for ealeuating catagory of bulking “under cansderaton. ‘AT.3.4 This arcle stresses, that each accelerogram contains Uncertain to be used ata location Tous, at ‘cceleragram contains a wide frequency. recorded at meolum distance from the {plcontr ana wt medium (not extreme) ampitude ATA5 As an atematve, this atte alows usage of sol acceleration simulated as input ribquake movement intime history dynamic responce analyst, A Bulding structure performance AB. Servico limit performance ‘A141 To lini the eccurence of ste! yield and excessive concreta cracking and to ‘prevent nen-stuctursl damage and discomfort, detarmined by inerevel defection ‘du fo the effect of Design Earthquake which has been vided by a Scale Factor AGA.2 This cosponse specttum defines quantiatvely the cfteda of service fit perfomance of bulding sete, ‘AB2 Ultimate limit performance ‘A821 Bocacse this Standard adopts fed maximum deflection rie 28 described in ‘4.32, then after the bulking structure delection eaused by nominal earthuake toads known fom the sructre analysis result srucure gefocvon inthe condition ‘of near colapsing wil recut by multiplying the deftecion caveed by nominal ‘earthquake load withthe factor § From Figure P.1, ils dear that for regular buiding structure, & © Fas in equation (34, Foe regular bubdng structure, the effect of Scale Factor must be eliminated, bocause the real detection fe not flected by the Scale Factor. This is refected by equation (85). A simple fermi to Calulate stuctire defection inthe condition a nea calpsing fs enabled, duo tne fixed maximum defection rule adopted in ths Standard as mentoned above, A822 This artele stossos quanttethely the crea li of bullding structure utimate pecormance A823 This artle is intended to provart callsin of 2 neighboring buiings, From the experience with various song earinquake occurences in the pact tine, many bulaing severe damage occur because neighboring busingscolide. Ths must be Prevented by providing asufiient intermediate space, as died inthis atl ‘A824 This arte is intended to prevent colisios between 2 building stucture parts separated by a dlatation lesan, The siza of the cearance trust defniely be Sufcient to prevent colison between parts stich is not any wil causa heavy damage, but an ago change the calculated structure renponse, ‘suas 175 2002 Page sot6sass The size of the slatation clearance must be maintained so as function is gvarantoed anytime AS The effect of earthquake on lower structure ‘A941. Earthquake loading rom upper structure aans aga2 From the philesoahy of eathquake reastance design fr building structure, iis apparent (see A (3) that due to eect of Design Earthquake, the upper structure has been severly damaged, but sill stands and not collapsing, 20 human ‘cesuaies can bo prevented. Nevertheless, this can only oocur f the upper SStucture does not fall belorchana. This, the lower stuctore must beable to “support wel loads worked by the upper structure when the upoer structures atthe ‘condzion of near eolaping tists maximum lead Ve hat eden in ti atl. ‘This maximum load is mobilized on the earthquake [ead causing the frst yeding Vy, due the existence of extta stength factor f (see Faure P.1). Duo to Iyerstatics of sttucture “and formation of placte. joints not eocuring SinultaneDvsl, redistribution of forces take place, which resulting inthe strtira ‘ocra strength factor. Ona fly ductility stcuce (j= 5.3), where ceastrbution of foroos occurs weely the structure exira strength facer according to various fesearches reaches f= 175. On 2 fuly sasis structure (a = 1) thee is ne force Fedlsioution at al (90 plas jot forme), so f= 100. Wt these wo. het cendtions, equation (27) is procuced to calculate f value for any n, described from Incinaton angle unorly rue. Because the extra sirongin factor of load and ‘terial is f= 18, the maximum earthquake lead can easily be calculated as 3 ‘muliplcaton of inal earthquake load and total entra strength factor f= f fe stated by equation (98) (sve Fguie P.1), ‘The highly dominant load worked by the upper structure on te lowe structure is the roling! moment, along. the respecive nermal (vertical) load. and. shear (Porizana) oad. Maximum nominal oieg moment fom the upper suture on fhe lewmer stucture whien seis fully last Ie recewed form the mamum raling ‘moment by diving wth R =, which s the earthquake responte factor or fly ‘laste structure as define by equation 40} (see Figure P.). ther posstilty isthe oocrrence of roling moment worked ty the yield moment ‘working on plastic ons athe foot a al columns and onthe foo of 3 shear wal. Shee the building structure, cue to effect of Design Eartnquake, experiences the ‘ust ye unt reaching the condtion of near calapsing, plastic ants, paicuey ‘on columin feat and shear wali oot, experience rotaton, wile thee yield momonte Increase fom the intial ye moment My to final yield moment f My, due to stain hardening of siee, wth fas the strain hadening actor. This proces Is vlualees In the momentdefecton dagiam ofa plas jit atthe column foot or shea wall fot as shawn in Figure PS. For fly ductle building structure (a= 5.3), acocdng to various researches f= 1.25, wile fra fly elase building stucture (i= 1), aviomatcally = 1.00, because ylolaing jut about to occur To make the rollng ‘moment cu to plastic it yess momen tothe nominal ling mement the value IS not required, because nominal moment can be calculated direct from the na Yield moment by diving twit load ard material extra stength factor f= 16 3 ‘uated by equaton (67) (eee Figure P's). Nominal fling moment according ths ‘equation (At) certainy occurs slong the respective nota (vereal oad and shear {rorzonta) oad, ‘smo 17a62002 Page sotAata Figure P.5 Noment~detlecton diagram ofa plastic joint st column feat or shear wall feat From the two possibites of the aforementioned rong moment, the definitive one isthe smalls! value, because with the formation of plas jt at all column fact ‘and all shear wal fest, nominal roling moment according to earthquake (40) wll ot Be mobiized fully ‘But In all aspects, the manimum nominal roling moment Value Is not necessariy taken more than that aoouing dua to effet of Design Earthquake on the bulking upper stucture acting faly alas, 28 stated oy leuation (42) G08 Figue P' and PS) ‘mpertectclaroing on column fect and shear wall feet nay be calculated. How itis ones ft fo the planner, as long as is rationally accountable. ‘A382 _ Earthquake loading from the moment of inertia Asza Ag22 Trine kwer stucture moves simutaneously wih the suttounding soil when an earthquake occurs, the ‘ower svuctire wil nat exoerence any hea forces. Sit Decause the sol-strucure ileracion always occurs which abways causes the fexstence of movement ference, Knomate nd inertial ntracton cecut between the lower structure and is surounding sol causing the occurrence ef the ineta fore. Ths i whats stated in tie ate, Caleulstion of inertia force based In soi-stucture Interaction analysis is ‘complicated subject. Thus, each method thal i ratonaly accountable can be Used Fer practical design, tis arice ves the tam on how to approach, ye conservatively, equivalent state horizontal earthquake oad due to tne merta lots which works on the lower stuctue acting fuly elastic can be caloulated, that Using eqvation (43). In hs equation, earhquake response fecor fo uly elastic“structure hes been considered, Factor in equation (49) sto calculate the category ‘ot building we doa wits A913. Earthquake loading from the surrounding soll ‘A831 Duo to te nteracion of sol-stucture inlracion, between the lower structure and "s surrounding soil there is @ changing ference of movement dutng the arhquake. Thus, soll compression on tne basement was and olher components the lower siveure ago change m values. Tre toll compression caleuston is based on interacton analysis of soi-stucture wach i @ complested thing, Thus, ach method whien i rational aeccuntable can os used. For practea! desi, this ‘ticle gives simple yet corservatve farm, that so! compression from the font Sol can be considered fo have reached matimium value af sol yield compression value (denial with passive compression) slong the basement depth. Tha soll Compression working on the lower stucure acing tly elastic must be made Femina! sal comoreasian by dividing ft with R =f, "18, which he varthquake esponsefecer for flly elastic suture AG22 This artele ges a clue how sol-stictute interaction must ba examined to a lnited extent The citcal pat in his araysis isthe determination of eomoression spring and shear spring quanttalve properties, which represents the back, sie, and bottom so (oundaton), ‘A410 _ The effect of earthquake on secondary components, architecture components ‘and machine and olectrcal installation A404 Safety coverage ‘AAOA.1 The satisfactory behavior of non-structural components on earthouake effect is ‘squaly inporiant with the support structure behavior ise AS. non-stuctur ‘components fing a bulding wisn can be a pat of the Bulli economy value Unt ts feasible to be secures against damage, n case of falure or colansing, fan alo be srctthraatw tho eafay ofthe bully occupants or ean slow down the rescue atamot of the bulding’s occupans or restiet fee fighting tempt Immeciatey ater the earthquake happens. ‘AA01.2 Historica articles is cortanly must be saved agalnst damage forthe interest ofthe {future generation ‘84102 Tie down ‘8102.1 The main disadvantage in instalation of no-stuctural componens in a bulng is fon the loss an adequate te-down deta, whicn must be calewated not only of forces crest caused by te earthquake (oars force), out sleo on the effect of Interaction wih cher components from the supporting structure, Freon may not be relied on fo withstand lateral lead due to eartnqvake, because the vertical dowrward. sof movement component can eliminate fon resistance, £0 the ‘examined component can move sideways by the effect of horizontal ection soll ‘movement component sos s7262002 Page s60t69‘A.10.2.2 Ornament ue down equipment, outer panels and adetional objects must be made ‘duce enabling these components to folow the supporting stucture components ‘thou otiing eaeh ther 40.3 Correlation between components ‘8.10.31 it an important components designed to witnstand = relatively strong earthuake, the dasgn of corelated components which can falby a lightreartnauake requires consideration, whien causes the falure of the signiTeance component funcban, As ‘an example, wal stencing by te side of an equipment ready to Use h eme-gency ‘ation and may be have collapsed on afar ligter earthquake level than th evel ‘quired fer the equipment that continues fo cbatut operation of he equipment ‘aren this lighter earthquakes happen, A10.8.2 This aricle srosses the signifcance of mainlonance of eaparaten lesrance Atos between non-structural components and equpment to prevent intracion between ‘them which endangers or causes sever ass ‘Automatic Cut OF of Machine and Equipment Operation ‘Several ndusrial processes as exstng on a chemical process or processes using {gas or high vekage slecry may passa sign feanes danger tothe geneva! pub if not stspped in heavy earthquakes. The Develooment Aulhorty along the whe ‘shall set an eathvakeintonsty faval which causes mache to stop operation ‘automaticaly. As 2 guidance, automate machine ext of sold happen on te pos ‘ccaleration of sol surface As applicable forthe selsmic zone whore the machine ls loceied: Automatic machine oseration cu-of must also happen, if the sysom, & sdengerous disorder occur, for example tha oocurence cf iqud pressure or gas rossurebuld up beyond the ims ins process ‘A.40.5 The effect of design earthquake ‘AA0.6.1 Earbquake load to be calculated working on non-stuckia! components & the equivalent state nominal earthquake load. ‘whien basealy comes fem mutipcation of component welgnt wih several factors (equation (44) whieh does ot depend mech deta soquled rom srcture analyels of the stheaure suppor. This so enable a crectcesign oy the machine and elec instalation planner and pre-cast concte panel menulecturers. The ony suppor structure requied te fundamental natural frequency pared T, to doteimine the coatnguake Response Factor C, and earthquake reduction factor R. Other facore can Be calculated using a simple formula (equation (45) and data found inthe table (Tate Sand 10, ‘A.405.2 The response amplification cofcint Ky is intended to calle the amplification of sol moverrent oy the supporing stricture, which depende on the supporting structure itso Fer ts, formula given in this arte (equation (4S) ls cenelered ‘ie a sufcontresut We need to reaize that heavy objects on top of busing Stuclur can experience big acceleration, so Hf poasbia, such objects shall be placed at lowe eve su os-sraeaone Pape sores‘A108.3 Non sinsctural component performance factor ratects the signifeance of the Component inseniea! tothe significance factor | forthe buiding test Thus. the perfomance factor 1s to extend the earhquske reoccurrence pero’ casing famage on the component, which wil be intact when the Design Earthquake ‘works This s important fo exarnine on risky equipment suchas steam Dole and high pressure tank A4O5.4A non-stucturl component installed on a supporting structure which natura ‘eequency pated approsenes the natural fequency period of tye. supsoring sirucure, must be evaided, because ican produce a vely high amplifeaton. Neat ‘he resonance pot, the ampifeation can reach 25 tmes, But Ih the aril, the ‘examined amiiication is only 2 times, because In pracice, there 1 alvoys ‘absorbance that reduces the amelficaton. ‘009-6200 Paget otAppendix 8 1.1 Factored load and'strength design for foundation 8.1.4 Foundation isthe pat ef buleng ower etucture when strength determined by the strength of so suppoting the par, such as pad raft pile, and bors pe ouncation, 8.4.2 Along the stength design of upper structure and lower structure, bling fourcation stengt can be designed based on Factored Load and Strength Design Method B.1.3 Nominal load , working on the foundation ie nominal load working on lower Structure, coninued diecty to the supporting ground sven 23 pad and rat foundation, or continued trough ple or bore ple foundation fo he supporting ground as on post foundation type. The nominal load Q, mulipled by the corresponding load factor y isthe utimate load G, which works onthe foundation conforming to ‘Aile 44.1, Atle 442, and are 4.43. B14 According fo Factored Load and Strength Design the following foundation utimate limit requrements must be eat: R20, en Whore Rs te foundation ultinata strength or ulimate support capacity, which a a mutpicaton of eapecty reructon factor § and foundation nominal strength Ry ‘according to equation Rizo, 2 where Ris defined through @ ration! anaiie or empiiza! catclaton and lor ‘through dreet ead test. 81.8 Capacity reduction factor 6 for foundation is defined aocarding to Table Pt for pad and rat foundation type, and according to Table P2 for pie ana bore ple foundation ype. “Table P.t Capacity reduction factor ¢ for pad and raft foundation type SoiT ype z ‘Sind 035-085 ay (50-060 Rock 0.80 ‘900-726-2002 Page oteTable P.2 Capacity reduction factor 6 for pile and bore ple foundation ["Foudationtype Resstnce SCL cag ara [ Foundatontype seReuninsrce 6 | __Londpropertes [Rear ent 07S | al sere shear ony 055-070 | Asia compression Ronsion end ony {055-070 | Axa comprension [teen shear end |"088=-0.70'| Ava conoressan | shear ony 055-075 | Aa compressionRension + ‘end ony 055-055 | Axial compression 18.2 Explanation of factored load and strength desig for foundation 8.21 Foundation stenath is defined by strength of sole supporting the foundation. The Foundation Structure Strength tse (ne footing, rat, pos) are caainly defined by the foundation materia, which generaly is celniorced concrete. So, fe foundation struct srength caleiaton, simlar terms appy such as for upper structure ane Tower svueture of te butcing, 18.22 Design of upper structure and lower stucture component strength using Factored Load’ and ‘Strength Design, has boon followed for a long tme in pracice In Indonesia. ut for foundaton strength design, thre isa strong tendency to Koop using alowable tension or load. This consistancy should certainly be elminated 23s early as posse, Thus, he Appendix of his Standard is intended to socialize tha Factored Load and Strength Design as an alternate, which is expected {0 replace the ol meltod as soon 28 posse. B23 Basically, nominal load atthe lower structure is also the rominal on foundation tranamitec tothe supporting sol Thus, load factors y which must be mulled vith nominal fosd Q, got ullmato load 0, on the Foundation, must taken equal to the ‘one that apples for bling upper structure ad lower stucture so tr26200 Pagee2 oeB25 Foundation nominal strength can be interpreted 2s the stength, where the supporting soll stil shaws an elastic devine, with aufficiont extra’ atvength for Strength, where the supporting soll drestcaly star's showing a steep inne. Thus, the avect mathod fo determine foundation nominal strengh 's by performing a load {stand sats t fom losd-decne diagram. The amcunt of extra svengih factor, ‘eauires the best consideration from the load-dacine diagram shage. so t cannot be formulated ganeraly. Actual, foundation nominal svengih must be defied protabisticaly, nut in general his ie not made posebl, Because toll load tet in = projects generally lined. A standard calulston dons practice tis far te Demissiole.suppoting load calculation. As an approach nominal supporting ‘capably can be considered tobe twice permissible supporing eapabilly. As we now, the foundaton ulimate stengih 's tower than ts nominal stength. In ‘foundation engineering, the meaning of imate svength and nominal strength are ‘often reversed. In European literatures, nominal stengih is called characteristic strensth, ‘The capacty reduction factor $ highly depends on several things, lke foundstion work qualy, variation dstioution of sl parameters, ealiatun method of nominal stength ve utimate strength, realty of sol parameter and test micthod used to {get thom, load properties (compression, tension, moment, shear. Because a § Value cannot be determined, but na range, as shown in Table P.1 and Table P.2 Generally, the ¢ value in the range is taken fin neminl supporting eapabily the ‘correlation wth te Standare Penetration Tet value ls used. The average 6 value in 2 range is taken if shear strength parameters trom tab resull lost or erect load test nl fle is Used ssuos-aem Pages ote