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The grain size analysis (sieve analysis) is a method to determine the relative
proportions of grain sizes that make up a given soil. The grain size distribution
is used for soil classification under the USCS, as well as a number of other
practical applications (e.g., estimation of mechanical properties, evaluation of
permeability, construction of soil filters among various applications). The test
procedure involves shaking the soil through sieves with known opening sizes and
weighing the soil retained on each sieve.
Procedure 1. Obtain 500 g of oven-dry representative soil sample (for the largest
particle of 4.75 mm). 2. Clean and weigh #4, #10, #20, #40, #60, #140, and #200
sieves and pan to nearest 0.1 g, (Figures 1, 2, and 3). Compare the size of the
soil grains to the chosen sieves. Add sieves if necessary.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
3. Stack sieves on a pan from No. 200 progressing up to increasing larger sizes. It
is desired to have 100% passing for the top sieve; this sieve may be excluded from
the stack. Pour the soil in the top sieve. Place cover on top sieve. (Figures 4 and
5)
Figure 4
Figure 5
Note: This lab instruction has been prepared by using the following Soil Mechanics
Laboratory Manual: Das, B. M. (2009). Soil Mechanics Laboratory Manual. 7th
Edition, Oxford University Press Inc, New York.
ME 420L/ME 506L: Soil Mechanics Laboratory
Lab No. 3: Sieve Analysis ASTM D422
Figure 6
5. Weigh the amount of soil retained on each sieve and in the bottom pan.
Note: This lab instruction has been prepared by using the following Soil Mechanics
Laboratory Manual: Das, B. M. (2009). Soil Mechanics Laboratory Manual. 7th
Edition, Oxford University Press Inc, New York.