1 @ @ @) a © @ Line L meets plane P when 2¢ + 3 + 34 - 1) - 2-9 =4 The required point of intersection is (4, 1, 12). ~ 2f + 47 - E is parallel to line L, and @ = 7 + 37 — 2K is normal to plane P. If 8 is the required angle, then sing = 12-1 ial 16 Vit Va a6. W8 ‘The required angle = 68.9° (nearest 0.1°). 6 = ~a7 + 27 + E is parallel to line M, and 6 - # = 0. ‘Therefore, line M is parallel to plane P. If line L meets line M, the equations Me 6 dw 4t- 1+ 2-t=u-10 must have a unique solution, Hom te fit nd econ, # = y= vie Now, these do not satisfy the third equation e aoe - 10) Therefore, lines L and M do not meet. 198510142) (M1) (AD (2) (al) (RI) (AL) (M2) (A2)(©) Method 1 Let A(t +3, 4¢ = 1, 2-0 lie on L and BG - 4u, 2u, u - 10) lie on M. Now, AB Also, the veetor & = 5 perpendicular to both lines L and M. If A and B are the points which are closest together, AB would be parallel to @ x 5. ‘Therefore, 3 - 4u - 2t = 3(1 + Qu - 41) => 10r - 10u = 0 and -I2 +4 += 101+ 2u 41) => 4ir~ 194 = 22 a = 1, and so AB =} -1]. -10) Solving gives u = Therefore, the shortest distance = /T10. Method 2 4 x B = 67 + 27 + 206 is perpendicular to both lines L and M. ‘The plane 3x + y + 10z = 28 contains the line and is parallel tom. Now, the required distance is the distance from the point (©, U, -1U), Which lies on 4, to ths plane. 18 + 0 - 100 - 28 ‘The required distance = LI8 + 0 — 100 - 28) . 76, ad /i6 1N96S101H(2) M1 (Ay AD (RD aD aD (RD (M2) (Al)Method 3 o=ar+ AG, -1, 2) lies on L; BOG, 0, The required dis 7 + 108 is perpendicuar 0 bot tines. 10) lies on M. ance is the orthogonal projection of AB on 3 tis is 48-3) 1 |) 4} .) 4] = yan. @ @ bw ff (b) 1,@) © 4@ Therefore, 1,0) = 6 - 16 Wr” Va |( 1} (so etd = eth ede “he dt ets + aft 4 ml, _ (2), a8 required, xe + 34,0) axe + 3(-x7e* + 21,0) wxle™ - 3xte™ + 6(-xe% + (2) wwe - 3xte% - 6xe* + 6 - 6e* N96s10810) an (AD RD OMYAD ay nn) amaG M1 (Al)ALA, Inx +1 = 0-5x= (e"*, 0) and this is zero when x = ‘Theretore, 8 = Uy 1) 2inx - + 2xin: sey = a) Pe : o Inx, (The gradient of (OT) = file) = -—2 s Inx, ‘Therefore, the equation vf (OT) is y -{-—3#] =. " Note: At T, fy) = £22 7% clay 1 ay 7 7 6 6 Hence the equation of OT is y Award (MI) (CI) N94\S101H(2) (842) (AD) (a2) aay (an) (a2) (AD (M1) (AL) my «ay1N96SLOVH2) (@) Since T lies on both the curve and the tangent line, 1+iny (nx leet ey (My (AD © Now. * 2€ = el, which is constant. mm Therefore, the x-coordinates are 4 consecutive terms of a GP, and the common ratio ise", my cay (@) The required area = Area of AODT - Area of ADT vere 01 + Ine -1e (307) ole de (an) 4 ha + tines 0 4b any (aD ape eo) 4° ale aa 3 ay1N96SLO2) 3. @_ (@ In6 experiments, p(exactly 2 successes) = 3p(exactly 3 successes) =(jra - phe As} py on 2, 3, => 1571 ~ py’ = copa ~ py - 1-p=4p - 2 (a2) (©) pat least one success in m experiments) > 0.99 = 1 - p(no success in n experiments) > 0.99 (M1) =1- (sy > 099 5 ~ = [= 0.01 6) < (Al = 12 > 100 a 2 ay n> og123 20.6 ‘Therefore, the least number of times = 21. (aD (i) @ Mean = np = 20 x 0.06 = 12. Standard deviation = mpl ~ p) = Vi2 x 094 = 3.36. a ‘ 19. 12 ‘We require p(X 2 20) -o{2> B52) (©) We require p(x ( TE (a2) = p(Z > 2.233) (AL) = 1 - p(Z < 2.233) (Al) = 1- 09872 = 0.0128 ap1965102) 4 = @ @ 2%? -@-2ie-Si=0 = dis VQ = 2 + 40 Therefore, z 1 tt 02 AT. (My (42) Without loss of generality, we may choose yoda - 0 + Hang - fa a» - Vii, vo (b) Since (2 - 2i)* = -8i, [see part (a)], (2 + 21? = 8i and so (M1) — any AD Therefor, 2) = ZL ~ i) +1 + i) and nope -d-asd. + 23,1 22 ies 3+ Handy =} aay a [or vice versa since VZF = 21 + 9} (W) (@ Iz = cose + tsino, men z* = cosnd + tsinno, ana 2" = cos(-n6) + isin(-n6) = cosn® - isinn®. (De Moivre) atn an Therefore, 2" + + = 2e0sn0. ae z 101N96101H(2) ()) S24 - Uz) + 1627 - liz +5=0 u = 52? - Liz + 16 - = 0 (since z + 0) (M1) (RY) = sf2-4 - ules 2) +16 2 z + Let z = cos® + isind From part (a): 10c0s20 - 22cos@ + 16 = 0 => 10(2cos*@ - 1) - 220088 + 16 = => 20cos*® - 22c0s8 + 6 = 0 + 1 c00@ - 112068 + 3 = 0 => (Scos@ - 3)(2cos6 - 1) = 0 3 = (M2) (A2) ~ =o coao= 4 cos = 3 or cond = 3 S Therefore, sin = +4 or sin = 243 5 2 This gives: 2-16 24%, 1a + ivD). 5 2 a2) Alternative (from *): wart te z Sw? - Llw +6 =U = (Sw - CW - 1) sie t one or 52? - 6 ul® @ @ N9@SIOHC) Section B a+ @Ob-e From the * table: a*b=¢ »2@b=b. From the ® table: ¢ @ b = b. Therefore, x = ¢. (Ry @@y-+b-d From the * table: b+ b=d + a@x=6 From the ® table: no x can be found for which a ® x = b. ‘Therefore, mar exists a {Note: A student who consistently reads the tables in the form "top row element" + (or ®) "left column element” may be awarded full marks for the answers (a) x = a x=] a*ba*b = a%(ba’)b (associativity) P(abyb (given) (associativity) (given) a Cdeutity) ms) 29610810) (b) a?ba = aladya (associativity) = a(ba*)a (given) = ab(a) (associativity) sabe (given) =ab (identity) (R3) (iil) Let $: G ~ H be the one-one, onto function such that 3 “ (a, -b, -b, : ne a a io (AD yy, 2 _ ~b, l -b ~[a,b, + a,b, Now, (: ' : ) . (s ibe [tuba * aab)) | mM JMG) aia aby ate ~ babe and (a, + ib) (@, + iby) = (@,a, - bd) + lab, + a,b) ap (a, -b,) (a, -b, . mein ff] mm ‘Thus, G and H are isomorphic. @&)) B(iv) @ © © Z, bas 4 members {0, 1, 2, 3} and Z, has 5 members 10, 1, 2,3, 4} Therefore, Z, x Z, has 4 x 5 = 20 members, (2) * Us, 4) = @ + 1 mod 4), 2 + 4 (mod 5) = @ 1). Z, x Zy = (@, 0), O, 1), ©, 2), G0), G, D, A, 2) Now, (, DF = @ 2; GW? =U, OF Uh Wt = 5 DF = 1, 25 G, DF = © 0) which is the identity. Therefore, Z, x 2, is cyclic. Both (1, 1) and (1, 2) are generators. [© = © 0; ©, 2° = 0,0; A, 2)? = @ 0) Zy XZ ={W, VO, V, O, 2, ©, 3s (ly Oy Cy Ds Uy 2 Gs 3D} ©, 17 = © 2; © VD? = ©, 35 © Dt = @ 0 © 37 = © 2) © 3° = @ 1; © 3 = @ 0) G, 3? = © 2); , 3 = CDs A, 3 = @ 0) G. 1? = 0. 2: A. 1 = 1. 3): A. = ©. 0) ©.2F = G0. G, 2% = 0.0. G.OF = @ 0) ‘Therefore, (0, 1), 0, 3), (, 1) and (1, 3) all have order 4, 4 1N96S10H1@) 1) 1) (AL) any (4 my (kz) (a2) (RI) ony (RA) (A2)6 ® @ o110 1 11100000000) 1o1id oort1100000 A=|LL111{; B=|[1L0001001011 orio0) ooo00101100 yLaiy 1010010119 ) 32333 24424 At=|34535 32333 34535 ‘An entry ay in 4? is the number of different walks between the vertices v, and », which passes through exactly one vertex vy which is the same as the number of paths of length 2 between vy, and ¥,. n aad Vy (©) The sum of the entries in the jth column ot A gives the aegree of the vertex v, provided there is no loop at that vertex. If there is ‘one or more loops at vertex v, then deg(y, = jth col, sum ~ 1 + 2(uo. of loops at v), since each loop contributes 2 to the degrce of the vertex. Note: Aleo accept deg(s)) = jth colsum + (no. of loops at v,) @ The column sum is 2 for each edge. since it joins exactly two vertices, The column sum is 1 for a loop. (i) (@ In any loop-free, undirected graph, the maximum number of edges *( Hence, ¢ «(3} = 22-0 = tecvi-y (b) In the loop-free, directed case, € < viv - 1) 15 1N96SLOH1@) (42) (-1 per error of two). (AD) (-1 per error toa max, of two). (42) (-1 per error toa max. of two). (aD (RD) (A) (RI) (AD ay (AQAG (a2)Gi) @ ® © 96510112) Consider one vertex. There are (n - 1) possible edges to start the path. Once we are at the second vertex, we have (n ~ 2) possible edges; at the third vertex, ( ~ 3) edges; at the fourth vertex, (n ~ 4) edges. This gives (n - 1)(n ~ 2)(n ~ 3Xn ~ 4) paths Now, we have n vertices to choose as our starting vertex, and, according to the hint, we have counted each possible path twice, n(n - Wn (n_— 3)(n = 4). (RD) (AL) ‘The required no. of paths = a Let e; be the number of edges in G, a simple undirected graph, and Jet) be the number of edges in nl a arae(t ) = =D, the aumber of edges in by Since G is self-complementary, ¢, = €,, 50 Pee pee -_ oe 4 ‘The required example is: | . C a ‘¢ € G Gc G WG iv as follows, element a b c d isomorphic image b a a c ay 16@) (@ Since G is self-complementary, it has 30) Therefore, 4 [n(n - 1) Now, if m is even, n = 1 is odd and so 4 | n edges, 13995108) ie n= 4k ke N* (R24 If (x ~ 1) is even, n is odd, and so 4 |(n - 1) ie m- 1 = 4korn= 4k +1, keN" (RAG (iv) Without loss of generality, let the vertices and their degrees be: vertex b a fog bh degree 203 4 5 7 Vertex h has degree 7 and so must be connected to each of the other 7 vertices. Thus, ¢, 8 ¢ cannot be connected to any other vertex other than h. Vertex g has degree 5. It is connected already to h, and so must be wenuested W fous viler veitives. Dut thcie aie vuly 3 © /) available. Therefore, no graph can be drawn, (R3) (42) counter vertex usea | vertex aagea | weight aaaea | cumuiative 1 e 0 0 2 |e A i 1 3. Jen a 2 3 + [aon f 2 3 3 |degh 6 3 8 6 |baakh * 2 10 7 labdesh c 2 2 8 fahadagh s a 1s 9 GbG4ELRA i 3 18 10 Jabodetehi oO 18 ‘Therefore, the minimum cost = $18 m. (MS) (AL) W1. (The Poisson distribution with mean 4 is defined by p(x) = ) 1N9651004(2) ra where x represents the number of arrivals during a given time interval (@) The required probability = p(0) = 6? = 0.0498 (M3) (AD (b) The required probability 3 Pe? (M3) (Al) = pd) + p@ = 38° ~ Fe" - oar, uv 2 A t-distribution with F = 83.7, s = 12.9, n = 9 and 8 degrees of freedom is appropriate here. (RD) (AL) Since the standard deviation of the population is unknown, the standard orn 2, 29 deviation of % is estimated with qo Rp aN The eritical value asociated with 3 95 confidence interval inthis two-tailed fests # = 2.306 ca Hence, the required interval Be ~~ (73.8, 93.6) (2) (42) vn, Note: Some candidates will use instead of £, —S—, by using ihe yn fm = wubiased esinator of population vane, vie 28) in place of s?. Then they will get the following: Standasd deviation of Fis estimated with s 129 (RI) (AL) se ve ‘The critical value of ¢ here is 2.306. (A2) Hence, the required interval is(7 - E+ Int” ea = (73.2, 94.2) (M2) (A2) 18ii (iv) Hy: p 204 H, p< 04 ‘The sample proportion is p = & = 025 with mean p = 04 and standard deviation o = are = 0.049, If we assume a Normal distribution. then the corresponding z-value is, = 025 ae 0.049 ~3.062. Now, p(Z < ~3.062) = 0.0011 which is less than 0.01 ‘Therefore, the claim is rejected. Let 41, be the population mean for tyre A and j4g that for tyre B. Since the sample size = 10, the ¢-distribution is appropriate. ‘The number of degrees of freedom = 9. (@) For a 95% confidence interval, the appropriate value of t = 2.262. 2000 Hence, ty - Hy = 2000 + 220 ) = 2000 = 1430.6 vio miles. ‘Therefore, 569 < wy - Hy < 3430 miles Note: Some candidates will use the unbiased estimator of tion variance vis. 24| imate the = (41) > variance of ¥. Then they will have na = By = 2000 + 236420) = 200 = 1508 492 3 4 ~ by » 9508 miles. © falls in Wie 95% cuuideuce (W) We can accept Hy if Hy ~ Hy interval. But this is clearly not so. Therefore, Hg is rejected. 19 1N96S101H2) ap ap ay (RI) (A2) (a2) (aD (R2) (Ay (RD (a3) (Ad) (Rl) (A3) cay, I)8 @ @ Met = x4, then x = 4Inx. Let fla) = dine, then fa) = 4 Thus, f(@| = 05 <1, and so the given formula may be used, If e* = x4, then x = eM Lat fa) = eM then 71a) = Lem Thus, [/'Q)| i = 0.32 < 1, and so the formula may be used, i x - x 0 8 0 - | 1 | sai | a | 1.2840 2 8.4736 2 1.3785 3 | ase | a | rans 4 | eseo7 | 4 | raat s | aso | s | 142 6 8.6066 6 1.4288 7 8.6101 i 1.4293 8 8.6118 8 1.4295 9 8.6125 9 1.4296 10 8.6129 10 1.4296, AL 8.6130 12 | sort 13 8.6131 The required roots are 8.613 and 1.430 (3 dec pl). 20 Noasi044(2) AD (RD) (M1) aD Ry MD (a2)@) 524 TB ster ef - xt, and f(@) = e* - 4x? @ © © ‘The area = tuo + 4f(025) + 2f05) +4f(0.75) + F()). n= 02 Thus, the area = 1.5178 (4 dee. pl) The eror term is - C= DLO sere ¢ € fa, B1- 1800" 15(e° - 24) 23 ‘ase ~ TREE) ‘the minimum value of ef is e° = 1. “The enror term ie. =- < 10006, cinco ‘Therefore, the maximum error = 0.0005, Since estimated value + maximum error = 1.5178 + 0.0005 = 1.5183, and e ~ 1.2 = 15183 (4 dec. pl), the answers to parts (c) and (4) are consistent with the calculated maximum error. 23 1807 We require the value of n for which >= < 5 x 10%. 23 Thus, nt > 2 x 10 = n> 126. us, 7 a ‘Therefore, the required value of n is 14, (n must be even) a N9SIOH) MD (AD (a2) (M1) (A2) (AD an RY (4) (AD (AL) (AD) (a2) (RD) (Al)@ @ Let f@- N9O\SLOH(2), , ¥ 2 2. It is obvious that f(x) is continuous x(inx? 7 ‘on [2, =) since x(Inx)? is continuous and non-zero on [2, *). Ry Cleacly, f(a) > 0 for x € 2, (aD 2eqnz)t + Now, poy = 0 est = 2 tt co tare >> (x(inx)*F dna) ap ‘Therefore. f(x) is decreasing on [2, ) and so f(x) satisfies the conditions under which the Integral Test may be used. ap ace in2 1 ‘Therefore, oo My (ALY) ay ‘Also, the sequence Ue I} is decreasing since 1 la < nel arr ©, and im ja,| = . R) ‘Thus, ye LD" converges. om (aD ‘Therefore, Es SD converses conditionally. on (apaG