EXERCISE 8D

8 In how many ways can 5 different books be arranged on a shelf if:

a there are no restrictions b books X and Y must be together
c books X and Y must not be together?
9 10 students sit in a row of 10 chairs. In how many ways can this be done if:
a there are no restrictions b students A, B, and C insist on sitting together?
10 How many three-digit numbers can be made using the digits 0, 1, 3, 5, and 8 at most once each, if:
a there are no restrictions b the numbers must be less than 500
c the numbers must be even and greater than 300?
11 Consider the letters of the word MONDAY. How many different permutations of these four letters
can be chosen if:
a there are no restrictions b at least one vowel (A or O) must be used
c the two vowels are not together?
12 Nine boxes are each labelled with a different whole number from 1 to 9. Five people are allowed
to take one box each. In how many different ways can this be done if:
a there are no restrictions
b the first three people decide that they will take even numbered boxes?

13 Alice has booked ten adjacent front-row seats for a basketball game for herself and nine friends.
a How many different arrangements are possible if there are no restrictions?
b Due to a severe snowstorm, only five of Alice’s friends are able to join her for the game. In
how many different ways can they be seated in the 10 seats if:
i there are no restrictions ii any two of Alice’s friends are to sit next to her?
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 EXERCISE 8E

A committee of 4 is chosen from 7 men and 6 women. How many different committees can be
chosen if:
a there are no restrictions b there must be 2 of each sex
c there must be at least one of each sex?

a There are 7 + 6 = 13 people up for selection and we want any 4 of them.

¡ 13 ¢
There are 4 = 715 possible combinations.
¡ ¢
b The 2 men can be chosen out of 7 in 72 ways.
¡ ¢
The 2 women can be chosen out of 6 in 62 ways.
¡7¢ ¡6¢
) there are 2 £ 2 = 315 possible combinations.
c The total number of combinations
= the number with 3 men and 1 woman + the number with 2 men and 2 women
+ the number with 1 man and 3 women
¡7¢ ¡6¢ ¡7¢ ¡6¢ ¡7¢ ¡6¢
= 3 + 1 + 2 £ 2 + 1 £ 3
= 665
or The total number of combinations
¡ ¢
= 13 4 ¡ the number with all men ¡ the number with all women
¡ 13 ¢ ¡ 7 ¢ ¡ 6 ¢ ¡ 7 ¢ ¡ 6 ¢
= 4 ¡ 4 £ 0 ¡ 0 £ 4
= 665

4 a How many different committees of 3 can be selected from 13 candidates?

b How many of these committees consist of the president and 2 others?
5 a How many different teams of 5 can be selected from a squad of 12?
b How many of these teams contain:
i the captain and vice-captain ii exactly one of the captain or the vice-captain?
6 A team of 9 is selected from a squad of 15. 3 particular players must be included, and another must
be excluded because of injury. In how many ways can the team be chosen?
7 In how many ways can 4 people be selected from 10 if:
a one person must be selected b two people are excluded from every selection
c one person is always included and two people are always excluded?

9 A committee of 5 is chosen from 6 doctors, 3 dentists, and 7 others.

Determine the number of ways of selecting the committee if it is to contain:
a exactly 2 doctors and 1 dentist b exactly 2 doctors
c at least one person from each of the two given professions.

15 Line A contains 10 points and line B contains 7 points. A

If all points on line A are joined to all points on
line B, determine the maximum number of points of
intersection between the new lines constructed.
B
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 EXERCISE 8F

8 Expand and simplify (2x + 3)(x + 1)4 .

9 Find the coefficient of:
a a3 b2 in the expansion of (3a + b)5 b a3 b3 in the expansion of (2a + 3b)6 .

EXERCISE 8G
1 Write down the first three and last two terms of the following binomial expansions. Do not simplify
your answers.
³ ´ ³ ´
2 15 3 20
a (1 + 2x)11 b 3x + c 2x ¡
x x

2 Without simplifying, write down:

¡ 2 ¢9
a the 6th term of (2x + 5)15 b the 4th term of x +y
³ ´ ³ ´
2 17 1 21
c the 10th term of x ¡ d the 9th term of 2x2 ¡ .
x x

3 Consider the expansion of (x + b)7 .

a Write down the general term of the expansion.
b Find b given that the coefficient of x4 is ¡280.

4 Find the constant term in the expansion of:

³ ´ ³ ´
2 15 3 9
a x+ 2 b x¡ 2 .
x x

6 Find the coefficient of:

³ ´
3 6
a x10 in the expansion of (3 + 2x2 )10 b x3 in the expansion of 2x2 ¡
x
¡ 2 ¢6 ³ ´
1 12
c x6 y3 in the expansion of 2x ¡ 3y d x12 in the expansion of 2x2 ¡ .
x

7 a Find the coefficient of x5 in the expansion of (x + 2)(x2 + 1)8 .

b Find the term containing x6 in the expansion of (2 ¡ x)(3x + 1)9 . Simplify your answer.
¡ ¢6
8 Consider the expression x2 y ¡ 2y2 . Find the term in which x and y are raised to the same
power.

9 a The third term of (1 + x)n is 36x2 . Find the fourth term.

b If (1 + kx)n = 1 ¡ 12x + 60x2 ¡ :::: , find the values of k and n.
³ ´
1 10
10 Find a if the coefficient of x11 in the expansion of x2 + is 15.
ax
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 REVIEW SET 8A NON-CALCULATOR
n! n! + (n + 1)!
1 Simplify: a b
(n ¡ 2)! n!

2 Eight people enter a room and each person shakes hands with every other person. How many
hand shakes are made?
3 The letters P, Q, R, S, and T are to be arranged in a row. How many of the possible arrangements:
a end with T b begin with P and end with T?
4 a How many three digit numbers can be formed using the digits 0 to 9?
b How many of these numbers are divisible by 5?
5 The first two terms in a binomial expansion are: (a + b)4 = e4x ¡ 4e2x + ::::
a Find a and b. b Copy and complete the expansion.
p p
6 Expand and simplify ( 3 + 2)5 giving your answer in the form a + b 3, a, b 2 Z .
³ ´
1 8
7 Find the constant term in the expansion of 3x2 + .
x
4
8 Find c given that the expansion (1 + cx) (1 + x) includes the term 22x3 .

9 a Write down the first four and last two terms of the binomial expansion (2 + x)n .
b Hence find, in simplest form, the sum of the series
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
2n + n1 2n¡1 + n2 2n¡2 + n3 2n¡3 + :::: + 2n + 1.

REVIEW SET 8B CALCULATOR

1 Ten points are located on a 2-dimensional plane such that no three points are collinear.
a How many line segments joining two points can be drawn?
b How many different triangles can be drawn by connecting all 10 points with line segments
in every possible way?

2 Use the expansion of (4 + x)3 to find the exact value of (4:02)3 .

³ ´
2 6
3 Find the term independent of x in the expansion of 3x ¡ 2 .
x
3 6
4 Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of (x + 5) .
5 A team of five is chosen from six men and four women.
a How many different teams are possible with no restrictions?
b How many different teams contain at least one person of each sex?
6 A four digit number is constructed using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, ...., 9 at most once each.
a How many numbers are possible?
b How many of these numbers are divisible by 5?
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 7 Use Pascal’s triangle to expand (a + b)6 .
³ ´
1 6
Hence, find the binomial expansion of: a (x ¡ 3)6 b 1+
x
³ ´12
3
8 Find the coefficient of x¡6 in the expansion of 2x ¡ 2 .
x
9 Find the coefficient of x5 in the expansion of (2x + 3)(x ¡ 2)6 .
³ ´
1 9
10 Find the possible values of a if the coefficient of x3 in 2x + 2 is 288.
ax

REVIEW SET 8C
1 Alpha-numeric number plates have two letters followed by four digits. How many plates are
possible if:
a there are no restrictions b the first letter must be a vowel
c no letter or digit may be repeated?
2 a How many committees of five can be selected from eight men and seven women?
b How many of the committees contain two men and three women?
c How many of the committees contain at least one man?
3 Use the binomial expansion to find: a (x ¡ 2y)3 b (3x + 2)4
4 Find the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of (2x + 5)6 .
³ ´
1 6
5 Find the constant term in the expansion of 2x2 ¡ .
x
15 2
6 The first three terms in the expansion of (1 + kx) n
are 1 ¡ 4x + 2 x . Find k and n.
7 Eight people enter a room and sit at random in a row of eight chairs. In how many ways can
the sisters Cathy, Robyn, and Jane sit together in the row?
8 A team of eight is chosen from 11 men and 7 women. How many different teams are possible
if there:
a are no restrictions b must be four of each sex on the team
c must be at least two women on the team?
9 Find k in the expansion (m ¡ 2n)10 = m10 ¡ 20m9 n + km8 n2 ¡ :::: + 1024n10 .
³ ´
q 8
10 Find the possible values of q if the constant terms in the expansions of x3 + 3 and
³ ´4 x
q
x3 + 3 are equal.
x
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 896 ANSWERS

EXERCISE 8D REVIEW SET 8A

8 a 120 b 48 c 72 9 a 3 628 800 b 241 920 1 a n(n ¡ 1), n > 2 b n+2 2 28
10 a 48 b 24 c 15 11 a 360 b 336 c 288 3 a 24 b 6 4 a 900 b 180
12 a 15 120 b 720 5 a a = ex and b = ¡e¡x
13 a 3 628 800 b i 151 200 ii 33 600 b (ex ¡ e¡x )4 = e4x ¡ 4e2x + 6 ¡ 4e¡2x + e¡4x
p
6 362 + 209 3 7 It does not have one. 8 c=3
EXERCISE 8E ¡ n ¢ n¡1 1 ¡ n ¢ n¡2 2 ¡ n ¢ n¡3 3
9 a 2n + 2 x + 2 x + 3 2 x + ::::
¡ 1 n ¢ 1 n¡1 2 n
¡ 13 ¢ ¡ 1 ¢ ¡ 12 ¢ :::: + 2 x +x
4 a 3
= 286 b 1 2
= 66 n¡1
¡ 12 ¢ b 3n Hint: Let x = 1 in a.
5 a 5
= 792
¡ 2 ¢ ¡ 10 ¢ ¡ 2 ¢ ¡ 10 ¢ REVIEW SET 8B
b i = 120 ii = 420 1 a 45 b 120 2 64:964 808
¡ 3 ¢ ¡ 1 ¢ ¡ 11 ¢
2 3 1 4 ¡6¢
6 = 462 3 2
£ 34 £ (¡2)2 = 4860
3 0 6
4 2500 5 a 252 b 246
¡1¢¡9¢ ¡2¢¡8¢
7 a = 84 b = 70 6 a 9 £ 9 £ 8 £ 7 = 4536 numbers b 952 numbers
¡ 12 ¢ ¡ 31 ¢ ¡ 7 ¢ 0 4

c 0 1 3
= 35 7 (a + b)6 = a6 + 6a5 b + 15a4 b2 + 20a3 b3 + 15a2 b4 + 6ab5 + b6
a x6 ¡ 18x5 + 135x4 ¡ 540x3 + 1215x2 ¡ 1458x + 729
¡6¢¡3¢¡7¢ ¡ 6 ¢ ¡ 10 ¢ 6 15 20 15 6 1
b 1+ + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6
9 a = 945 b = 1800 x x x x x x
¡ ¢ 2 1
¡9¢¡7¢ 2 2 3 ¡ 12 ¢ ¡6¢ ¡6¢
c 16
¡ = 4347 8 6
£26 £(¡3)6 9 8 2
¡6 1
= 84 10 a = §4
5 0 5
REVIEW SET 8C
1 a 262 £ 104 = 6 760 000 b 5 £ 26 £ 104 = 1 300 000
¡ 10 ¢ ¡7¢
15 2 x 2
= 945 c 26 £ 25 £ 10 £ 9 £ 8 £ 7 = 3 276 000
2 a 3003 b 980 c 2982
3 a x3 ¡ 6x2 y + 12xy2 ¡ 8y3
EXERCISE 8F b 81x4 + 216x3 + 216x2 + 96x + 16
4 20 000 5 60 6 k = ¡ 14 , n = 16 7 4320
8 2x5 + 11x4 + 24x3 + 26x2 + 14x + 3 9 a 270 b 4320
8 a 43 758 teams b 11 550 teams c 41 283 teams
p3
9 k = 180 10 q = § 35
EXERCISE 8G
¡11¢ ¡11¢ ¡11¢
1 a 111 + 1
(2x)1 + 2
(2x)2 + :::: + 10
(2x)10 + (2x)11
¡15¢ ¡ ¢
14 2 1
¡15¢ ¡ 2 ¢2
b (3x)15 + 1
(3x) x
+ 2
(3x)13 x
+ ::::
¡15¢ ¡ 2 ¢14 ¡ ¢ 2 15
:::: + 14
(3x)1 x
+ x
¡20¢ ¡ ¢1 ¡20¢ ¡ ¢2
c (2x)20 + 1
(2x) 19 ¡ x3 + 2
(2x)18 ¡ x3 + ::::
¡20¢ 1
¡ ¢
3 19
¡ 3 20
¢
:::: + 19
(2x) ¡x + ¡x
¡15¢ ¡9¢
2 a T6 = 5
(2x)10 55 b T4 = 3
(x2 )6 y3
¡17¢ ¡ ¢
2 9
¡21¢ ¡ ¢8
c T10 = 9
x 8 ¡x d T9 = 8
(2x2 )13 ¡ x1
¡7¢
3 a Tr+1 = r
x7¡r br b b = ¡2
¡15¢ ¡9¢
4 a 5
25 b 3
(¡3)3

¡10¢ ¡6¢ ¡6¢

6 a 5
35 25 b 3
23 (¡3)3 c 3
23 (¡3)3
¡ ¢ 12
d 4
28 (¡1)4
¡8¢ ¡9¢ ¡9¢
7 a 6
= 28 b 2 3
36 x6 ¡ 4
35 x6 = 91 854x6
¡6¢
8 T3 = 2
(¡2)2 x8 y 8
9 a 84x3 b n = 6 and k = ¡2 10 a = 2
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