5G is different from 4G in various aspects, the terms of classifications according to Henderson Clark

model [1] are as follows:

 The changes may in the design like in nodes or in architectural levels.

 The changes may be in a class of network nodes also called changes in components.
 The changes may be in system architectural like new functions in the current one.
 The change which has impact on both the architectural levels and nodes is called as radial
changes.

The believe of obtaining a high data rate cannot be achieved just changing in the conventional way,
there are some technologies that will take us to architectural and design changes, as given in figure 1.

Figure 1. Possible Directions for 5G, classification by Henderson- Clark Model.

1) Device Centric Architectures

The base center taken in the past may change that is base station construction of cellular
systems in the 5G. The uplink and downlink may be redefine, along with channels for control
and data, in order route the information in a better way on new priorities, and tenacities
towards changed sets of nodes within the network.
2) Millimeter Wave

The need of millimeter waves was observed when scientists find the scarcity of bandwidth at
microwave frequencies. And various aspects of millimeter waves transmission is researched
under “gold Rush” by “el Dorado” by researcher from different fields. For short-range services
(IEEE 802. 11ad) millimeters waves are deployed for niche application like small-cell backhaul.

3) Massive MIMO
For multiplexing message several devices on each time frequency resources a number of
antennas is used called Massive Multi-Input Multi-output. The purpose of using many antennas
is to direct the signal to particular device and to minimize the intercell interference. This may
 require architectural changes and especially in the design of macro base stations, and it may
also lead to new types of arrangements.
4) Smarter Devices
The G’s below 5G were built under the design idea, having a thorough control at the
infrastructure side. This conventional method should be dropped and exploiting the intelligence
at device side in the different layers of the protocol levels, for instance by allowing D2D
connectivity, or to experience the smart caching at the mobile station side. This will includes
changes at the node level, it also has inferences at the architectural level.

5) Native Support for Machine to Machine Communications (M2M)

Machine to Machine communication should also be included which involve three fundamentally
different requirements linked with low data rate services. They are:

 Supporting massive numbers of low-rate devices.

 Satisfying a minimal data rate in practically all situations.
 Very low latency data transfer.

Addressing all these three needs new methods and ideas in the component level and architectural level
as well.

References

[1] A. Afuah, Innovation Management: Strategies, Implementation and Profits, Oxford Univ.
Press, 2003.