REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The study conducted by Hildie Leung, Florence K. Y. Wu and Daniel T.L.(2016)

was hope, aspirations and resilience in children and adolescents - a review of
research on measurement and related antecedents. Findings revealed that the
majority of the existing scales were developed predominantly in the West and there
were few validated Chinese hope and aspirations scales. Indigenous measure were
also not identified in the literature. In terms of antecedent studies, predictors at
different levels including the personal, family, school and community were found.

Fabian O.Ugwu and Lawrence O. Amazue (2014) conducted a study on

psychological ownership, hope, resilience and employee work engagement among
teachers in selected mission school. The current study adopted the cross-sectional
survey designed to explore whether psychological ownership, hope and resilience
could predict work engagement behaviour among teachers in selected mission
schools. Contrary to speculation and in conflict with previous studies, result showed
that psychological ownership did not predict work engagement behaviour among
teachers, whereas hope and resilience significantly predicted work engagement
behaviour among teachers. This studys implications point to the fact that since
psychological ownership is seen as a vital organisationsal behaviour, managers
should endeavour to build a culture that will promote such ownership for the good of
the organisation.