ULTRASONIC INTERFEROMETER
which way it is going. This system of finding
Ultrasonic Interferometer is a device used
to calculate the velocity of ultrasonic sound
through different liquid media.
Piezoelectric.
Piezoelectric Effect is the ability of certain
materials to generate an electric charge in
response to applied mechanical stress.
That means that when they are compressed or
struck, they generate an electric charge.
1.What are ultrasonics?
The sound waves having frequiencies above
the audible range. Ie, frequencies above
20,000Hz to 20KHz are known as ultrasonics.
They are mechanical waves and req medium.
not electrimagnetic waves.
2.What is piezo – electric effect?
When mechanical pressure is applied to one
pair of opposite faces of a quartz crystal, then
the other pair of opposite faces develop equal
and opposite electrical charges on the crystal
3.What is inverse piezo- electric effect?
The piezo electric effect is reversible. If an
electric field is applied to one pair of opposite
faces of quartz crystal, alternative mechanical
expansion or contraction(pressure) is
produced across the other pair of opposite
faces of the crystal application: sonar,
detection of flaws, medicine
1) What are ultrasonic waves?
Ans: Ultrasonic waves are sound waves,
whose frequencies are greater than 20KHz.
Their wavelength is less than 1.65cm. They
exhibit all the properties of sound waves and
some additional properties.
1. How do bats locate the prey and objects?
As they fly they, make shouting sounds. The
returning echoes give the batsinformation
about anything that is ahead of them,
including the size and shape of an insect and
prey is called echolocation - locating things
by their echoes.
2) What are the properties of ultrasonic
waves?
Ans: i)Ultrasonic waves are longitudinal
waves of high frequency(greater than
20KHz). Owing to their short wave length
they can travel long distances as a sharp
beam.
ii) They undergo reflection and refraction.
iii) They produce heating effect, mechanical
effect & chemical effect.
iv) They produce biological effect. Animals
such as frogs and rats are killed when
subjected to ultrasonic waves.
3) How are ultrasonic are produced?
Ans: Ultrasonic are produced by
i) Galton's whistle.
ii) Magnetostriction oscillator
iii) Piezo-electric generator
Galton'd whistle is primarily a mechanical
device based on the principle of resonance of
air column. It can produce ultrasonic waves
about 30KHz.
A magnetostriction oscillator is based on the
property of magnetostriction exhibited by
ferromagnetic materials. It can produce
ultrasonic waves of 25KHz.
Piezo-electic oscillator is also an electrical
device, which makes use of the piezo-electric
property of quartz. It generators ultrasonic
waves of high frequencies.