5/13/19

Commonwealth of Australia
Copyright Act 1968
Topic 7
Warning

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Do not remove this notice.

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Background
Individual Academic Support and Mentoring • The seven modes of the major scale have been
Please contact Jason Weir - E: Jason.Weir@aim.edu.au T: 8610 4237
Student Support Workshops
Wellbeing: yoga, mindfulness, relaxation, time management and more! around for at least 2000 years
Academic: Aural transcription, music theory, technology and IT, library skill and more!
The schedule is around the campus, on SharePoint, and available at Reception.
Or, please contact - Jason Weir - E: Jason.Weir@aim.edu.au T: 8610 4237
• They MAY have had their beginnings in ancient
Unit Teacher Greece, or in Jewish temple music
Your unit teacher can answer questions about the unit’s content and assessments. Feel free to drop in
during the consultation hours. You can also make an individual appointment at other times with your
teacher.
• Or many other Eastern Mediterranean and Middle
Andrew Batterham – Theory lecture & tutorial E: Andrew.batterham@aim.edu.au T: 8610 4210
Consultation time – Thursday 10.00 – 10.45, Room 411 Eastern musical traditions…
For general enquiries or if in doubt, please contact Reception
E: MelbourneReception@aim.edu.au
T: 8610 4222
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Background Modes of the major scale

• By the 17th century they had their current names

• They are produced by starting on each successive

note of a major scale, making a new scale from there

• The original scale (and key signature) is their ‘parent

scale’

• It is a major scale
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Modes of the major scale Ionian mode

• We can use scale degrees just like any other scale, • The 1st mode is the Ionian mode
and raise or lower them as needed • It is exactly the same as the major scale!
• Start with the major scale…

& 44 œ œ & 44 œ œ
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (1)

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ œ
T T ST T T T ST T T ST T T T ST

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Dorian mode Method

& 44 œ œ œ œ œ
• The 2nd mode is the Dorian mode • Write out the major scale starting on that letter
œ
œ D onœ the white
• It is like D to notes
T T ST T T T ST T

œ œ œ œ
&œ œ œ œ • Use accidentals instead of a key signature
T ST T T T ST T

•&
How will we work out scale degrees for this mode?

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Method Dorian mode

& 44 œ œ
• The Dorian mode has b3 and b7
œ œ
• Alter the scale degrees to mirror the mode below

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (1) œ
• It sounds like œ with ‘not flat’ 6
œ minor
œ natural
T T ST T T T ST T
1 2 b3 4 5 6 b7 (1)

œ œ œ œ
&œ œ œ œ
1 2 b3 4 5 6 b7 (1) T
T ST T T T ST

•&
‘Boulevard of broken dreams’ by Green Day

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& 44 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
T T ST T T T ST T

œ œ œ œ
& œ œmode œ œ
Phrygian Phrygian mode
T ST T T T ST T

œ #œ œ
• The 3rd mode is the Phrygian mode • Start with the major
&œ #œ œ œ
• It is like Eœ to E on the white notes T ST
T T ST T T T

œ œ œ œ œ
&œ œ œ
• Use accidentals
ST T T T ST T T T

œ #œ #œ œ
& #œ
œ are the scale degrees? #œ œ
• What
T T ST T T T ST T

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& 44 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ
T T ST T T T ST T

œ œ œ œ
Phrygian mode & œ
Phrygian mode œ
œ œ
• Make alterations to the scale degrees • The Phrygian mode has b2, b3, b6 and b7
T ST T T T ST T

•& œ
œ ‘lowered’ 2# œ œ
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (1)
œ #œ œ
It sounds like natural œ with
minor
T T ST T T T ST T
1 b2 b3 4 5 b6 b7 (1)

œ œ œ œ œ
&œ œ œ
1 b2 b3 4 5 b6 b7 (1) T
ST T T T ST T T

œ œ #œ #œ œ
&œ #œ #œ
& 44 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ 4
&4 œ T T
œ œ
ST
œ
T T
œ T
œ œST œ T

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T T ST T T T ST T T T ST T T T ST T

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
&œ œ œ œ &œ œ œ œ
T ST T T T ST T & T ST T T T ST T

&œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ œ #œ œ
œ #œ &œ œ #œ œ
T T ST T T T ST T T T ST T T T ST T

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
&œ œ œ &œ œ œ œ
Lydian mode T
Lydian mode T
ST T T T ST T T ST T T T ST T T

œ #œ #œ œ œ #œ #œ œ
• The 4th mode is the Lydian mode • Lydian mode has a #4

&œ #œ
• It is like major with a ‘raised’ 4 #œ œ &œ #œ
• It sounds major because of the major 3 #œ œ
T T ST T T T ST T T T ST T T T ST T
ST ST

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
1 2 3 #4 5 6 7 (1)

&œ œ œ œ &œ œ œ œ
T T T ST T T ST T T T ST T T ST

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& &

3
 T T ST T T T ST T T T ST T T T ST T

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
&œ œ œ œ &œ œ œ œ
T ST T T T ST T T ST T T T ST T

œ œ #œ œ œ œ #œ œ
&œ œ #œ œ &œ œ #œ œ 5/13/19
T T ST T T T ST T T T ST T T T ST T

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
&œ œ œ &œ œ œ
ST T T T ST T T T ST T T T ST T T T

œ #œ #œ œ œ #œ #œ œ
&œ #œ #œ œ &œ #œ #œ œ
T T ST T T T ST T T T ST T T T ST T
ST ST

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
&œ œ modeœ œ &œ œ modeœ œ
4
Mixolydian Mixolydian
œ œ œ
• The T5th mode
T is the
T Mixolydian
ST mode •&Mixolydian
4 œT œTmode œhas
T œ ST
a b7 œ
œ œT
T T ST T T ST

bœ orœ flat 7 œ œ œ
b œ 7th scale œ œ
&œ œ a ‘lowered’
œ &œ œ œ
T T ST T T T ST

œ œ
• It is like major with • It sounds like a Dominant
T T ST T T T ST T &œ T
œ T œ ST œ T œ T œ T ST T

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
1T 2ST 3T 4T 5T 6ST b7 T (1)

&œ œ œ œ &œ œ œ œ œ
&œ œ œ œ #œ
T T ST T ST T T
œ T
#œ ST T ST T
T T
T T ST T T T ST T

& œ œ
&& œ œ œ œ œ œ
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CRICOS 00665C ABN 89 003 261 112 PRV12050
ST T T T ST T T

œ #œ #œ œ
& && œ #œ #œ œ
T T ST T T T ST T
ST

œ œ œ œ
&œ œ œ œ
T T T ST

œ
T T ST

œ bœ œ œ œ
&œ œ
T T ST T T T ST T

œ œ œ œ œ
&œ œ œ
4 œ œ
Mixolydian mode Aeolian mode
•&Many
4 œ contemporary œ are inœ the Mixolydian mode,
œ songs œ
œ
T

œ
T T ST ST T

#œ
T

œ
• The 6th mode is the Aeolian mode
œ œ œ œ
•&It is
œ like natural
T T ST T T T ST T

œ
due to the bVII chord
œ œ
minor
& œ œ
œ o’ mine’ œ bVIIœ ST T T T ST

œ
T T T

œ œ œ
I IV I
œ
• ‘Sweet child
T ST T T T ST T
&œ œ œ
&œ œ œ œ #œ œ
œ #œ T ST T T ST T T

• ‘Gloria’
T Doors
T
cover,
ST and T‘Hey Jude’
T byTthe Beatles
ST T

œ œ œ œ œ
&œ œ œ
ST T PAGE 21 T T ST DATE DD/MM/YYYY
T TV001 T
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œ œ #œ #œ œ
&œ #œ #œ
T T ST T T T ST T
ST

œ œ œ œ œ
&œ œ œ
T T T ST

œ
T T ST

bœ œ œ œ
&œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ
œ
ST T T T ST

œ
T T T

œ œ œ œ œ œ &œ œ
&œ
Aeolian œ
mode Locrian mode

#œ œ
T ST ST T T

#œ
T T

œ
T

œ
T T ST ST T

#œ œ
T

œ œ #œ
• The 7th mode is the Locrian mode
œ
• We already know the scale degrees…
œ œ œ
•&
&œ œ It is like B to B on the white notes
1T 2T b3ST 4 T
5T b6T b7ST (1)
œ
T T ST T T T ST

œ
T T

œ œ œ œ œ
&œ & œ œ œ
T ST T T ST T T œ œ œ œ œ
T ST T T T
ST T

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œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ
&œ
Locrian mode Mode scale degrees

#œ œ
T ST ST T T

#œ
T T

#œ œ œ
Ionian 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

œ
• The Locrian mode has b2, b3, b5, b6 and b7

•&
œ
Also called the ‘leading tone mode’
Dorian 1 2 b3 4 5 6 b7

T T ST T T T ST T Phrygian 1 b2 b3 4 5 b6 b7
1 b2 b3 4 b5 b6 b7 (1)

& œ œ œ œ
œ œ
Lydian 1 2 3 #4 5 6 7

œ œ Mixolydian 1 2 3 4 5 6 b7
T ST T T T
ST T
Aeolian 1 2 b3 4 5 b6 b7

& Locrian 1 b2 b3 4 b5 b6 b7

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&

&

Method example Method example

• Start with the major of that letter • Make the scale degree alterations

• Write the accidentals for the major on the notes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (1)

• Apply the correct alterations to the scale degrees

• Phrygian has b2, b3, b6 and b7

• Let’s try A Phrygian… 1 b2 b3 4 5 b6 b7 (1)

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Method example 2
• Ionian is major
• Dorian is natural minor with ‘not flat’ 6
• Phrygian is natural minor with b2 SYDNEY
1 -5 5 F o v e a u x S tre e t S u rry H ills N S W 2 0 1 0

• Lydian is major with #4 T 02 9219 5444 F 02 9219 5454

E e n q u irie s @ a im .e d u .a u

• Mixolydian is major with b7 M ELBOURNE

1 2 0 K in g S tre e t M e lb o u rn e V IC 3 0 0 0
T 03 8610 4222 F 02 9219 5454
E e n q u irie s @ a im .e d u .a u

• Aeolian is natural minor A IM .E D U .A U

ABN 89 003 261 112

• Locrian is natural minor with b2 and b5

C R IC O S C o d e 0 0 6 6 5 C
P R O V ID E R N o P R V 1 2 0 5 0
R TO C ode 90465

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