Solicitation No.

W912EE1980010

Arkansas Paving At Lake Ouachita

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN

Submitted to:
Vicksburg Contracting Office
4155 Clay Street
Vicksburg, MS 39183-3435

Date: September 27, 2019

Submitted by:
Green Dream International
32 W. 8th St. suite no 607
Erie, PA 16501
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN

RECYCLING AND WASTE PREVENTION PLAN:

INTRODUCTION
Responsible management of waste is an essential aspect of sustainable building. In this context,
managing waste means eliminating waste where possible; minimizing waste where feasible; and
reusing materials which might otherwise become waste. Solid waste management practices have
identified the reduction, recycling, and reuse of wastes as essential for sustainable management of
resources.
C&D landfill cell
Construction companies can assume stewardship
responsibilities for the orderly, reasonable, and effective
disposal of construction-related waste, promotion of public and
industry awareness of disposal issues, and providing stable
business-friendly environments for collecting, processing, and
repurposing of wastes. Construction Industry can create value
through the return of wastes back to manufacturing processes,
promoting and seeking out opportunities for incorporation of
recycled materials into products, and prioritizing reduction of
building-related wastes through efficient jobsite practices

Eliminating Waste
Some waste generated in the process of construction can be eliminated. For example, durable modular
metal form systems for use in concrete construction may be selected on the basis of being readily
demountable and reusable on other projects, thus eliminating wood waste associated with formwork
fabricated of plywood and dimensional lumber. Elimination of waste can be beneficial to reduce
impacts on human health and the environment.

Minimizing Waste
Some building-related waste can be minimized. For example, construction products can be selected on
the basis of its being designed and manufactured to be shipped with minimal packaging. Also consider
that selection and use of recyclable materials and products offers potential to minimize waste.
Reusing Materials
Commingled C&D waste in roll-off
Some materials can be reused. For example, doors and
windows in good, resalable condition might substitute for new
products, or be donated and or sold for use on another
project—a form of beneficial reuse.
Materials and products which cannot efficiently and
effectively be eliminated, minimized or reused ultimately are
collected, and unless managed, shall be disposed at the lowest
cost.

A. Federal Regulations
In the United States, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) defines the subset of solid
waste known as hazardous waste. The term "hazardous" was intended to designate wastes that present
a serious risk to human health and the environment when mismanaged. Several components
encountered as part of construction and demolition materials operations are RCRA hazardous wastes
and therefore processes must meet all of the regulatory management requirements for hazardous waste.
Note that hazardous most hazardous components encountered with construction and demolition
materials operations are identified by respective characteristics, rather than listing. For example,
discarded paints and solvents would have ignitability characteristics; batteries would have corrosivity
characteristics.

B. Management
Local practices in the management and disposal of construction and demolition wastes often are shaped
by the availability of suitable disposal sites, economic conditions, societal priorities, availability of
markets for recycling and reuse, transportation options, and the capabilities of local workforces and
construction businesses to adapt demolition processes for management of wastes.
Management of construction and demolition wastes is addressed at project, organization, and
disposition levels.

C. Definitions
Alternative Daily Cover (ADC): Material having no value in reuse, although employed for beneficial
use as a supplement to soil in the practice of applying earth cover over active portions of managed
municipal solid waste landfills, thus covering the day's waste, and with the effect of reducing nuisance
odor and exploitation by animals, birds and insects.
Beneficial Use: An assertion of right to enjoy the benefits of specific property. Industry best practices
promote inspection and evaluation of materials and products proposed for reuse to be certain hazards
are mitigated, for example: window assemblies which include caulking containing PCB compounds;
friable asbestos containing products; light fixture ballasts; etc generally pose risks to human and
environmental well-being.
Commingle: A term referring to the practice of placing unrelated materials together in a single
container, usually for benefits of convenience and speed, but presenting challenges for subsequent
recovery and diversion.
Construction Waste: Waste generated by construction activities, such as scrap, damaged or spoiled
materials, temporary and expendable construction materials, and aids that are not included in the
finished project, packaging materials, and waste generated by the workforce.
Demolition Debris: Waste generated from the process of intentional dismantling all or portions of a
building, and clearing of buildings and contents destroyed or damaged as a result of natural or
anthropogenic hazards. Demolition debris often contains constituents regulated in the US as hazardous
waste under RCRA Subtitle C, 40 CFR.
Disposal: Depositing waste in a solid waste disposal facility, usually a managed landfill, regulated in
the US under RCRA Subtitle D, or in the case of hazardous waste, under Subtitle C, 40 CFR.
Diversion: The practice of diverting waste from disposal in a landfill, by means of eliminating or
minimizing waste, or reuse of materials.
Diversion Report: A written assertion by a material recovery facility operator identifying constituent
materials diverted from disposal, usually including summary tabulations of materials, weight in short-
ton units (NIST), and percentages.
Industrial Waste Stabilizer (IWS): Material having no value in reuse, although employed for
beneficial use in stabilization of industrial waste in landfills.
Landclearing Debris: Waste generated from the process of clearing land, including preparing
building sites for construction, generally consisting of vegetation, soil, rocks, and constituent matter.
Organics: Vegetation, soils, and constituent matter excluding rocks, and being both carbon- and
nitrogen-rich, and completely biodegradable to carbon dioxide, water and biomass through the action
of micro-organisms under normal environmental conditions.
Recycling: Introducing a material into some process for remanufacture into a new product, which may
be the same or similar product or a completely different type of product.
Residue: Waste which is economically impractical to recover for reuse or to divert from disposal.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA): The principal Federal law in the United States,
enacted in 1976 and amending the Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965, with the intent of governing the
disposal of solid waste and hazardous waste, and codified in Title 40 CFR. Construction and demolition
debris are regulated under Subtitle D: Non-hazardous solid wastes. Hazardous wastes are regulated
under Subtitle C, known as the 'cradle to grave' system with stringent bookkeeping and reporting
requirements. RCRA authorizes states to carry out many of the federal regulations through their own
state laws, with such laws subject to approval by the EPA.
Reuse: The subsequent use of a material, product, or component upon salvage.
Salvage: Recovery of components, products, or materials for the purpose of reusing them for the same
or similar purposes as their original use.
Sortline (or Pickline): An item of industrial recycling equipment featuring a conveyor belt and several
stations for workers to rapidly sort and segregate waste, usually part of a material recovery facility.
Source Separation: A term referring to the practice of administering and implementing a management
strategy to identify and segregate unrelated waste at the first opportunity, thus simplifying subsequent
processes for recovery of materials and diversion, but presenting challenges for management of space
on the jobsite, training and supervision, and inefficiencies associated with hauling.
D. Construction And Demolition Wastes
Wastes encountered constitute all the materials and products incorporated into the built environment
over a period of decades or in some areas over centuries. Include in that list earth, pavement, and
organic plant materials. Assessment of wastes to be encountered on projects is an important first step
in developing a construction and demolition waste management plan at the project level.

Materials and products presenting known risk:

 Hazardous wastes (listed, characteristic and universal types identified by US EPA)

 Asbestos-containing materials (friable)
 Asbestos-containing materials (non-friable)
 Lead-containing materials
 Products containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
 Solvents, chemicals, petroleum-derived products
 Dust
 Fluorescent and compact fluorescent lamps
 Electronics
 Medical waste
 Materials contaminated with waste

Materials and products typically benign:

 Woody and plant materials

 Concrete
 Gravel, aggregate, stone and rock
 Masonry and rubble
 Metals (ferrous and non-ferrous)
 Wood
 Plastic
 Glass
 Doors and windows
 Asphaltic roofing
 Gypsum board
 Carpet and pad
 Cardboard and paper
 Plumbing fixtures
 Lighting fixtures

E. Best Management Practices

How waste management, or diversion, is accomplished, and to what extent, depends on specific project
requirements and conditions. Several issues contribute to an overall waste diversion strategy.

F. Process

JOBSITE SORTING
Efficient identification and sorting of materials is an important factor in managing the economic
viability of diverting construction debris from disposal. Jobsite protocols are identified in contracts and
subcontracts, and implemented at the project level by superintendents and project managers.
Superintendents and project managers utilize project specifications prepared by architects and
engineers for information on diversion target rates, and general performance requirements.
Materials may be sorted into a number of containers provided by service companies that specialize in
management of specific types of waste at the jobsite. Generally the least number of containers is
desirable both to keep container volumes high to reduce transportation trips and costs, and to keep the
jobsite clear of obstructions.

COLLECTION AND HAULING

Containers containing construction and demolition waste are collected and transported to diversion
facilities via truck. Light and medium duty trucks are most commonly used for this purpos. Trucks and
containers of various types are mated to allow for maneuverability and modular interoperability.

TIPPING
Identification of loads on arrival at construction and demolition debris diversion facilities is an
important step in ensuring materials are appropriately handled. Facility management plans typically
describe materials that can be accepted. Loads which contain materials that are not accepted may be
turned away, in which case the materials likely will be disposed in a sanitary landfill. The four
hazardous waste characteristics are: corrosivity, ignitability, reactivity, and toxicity.

PICKING
Materials are typically handled with equipment specifically designed to support heavy loads and resist
abrasion. Materials are discharged from containers onto a tipping or receiving floor, usually beneath a
roof cover or inside an industrial building. Once on the floor, a wheel loader operator will stockpile
materials which will be picked through with a hydraulic excavator or a grapple. Materials such as steel
reinforcing bar, carpeting, large pieces of wood, concrete and materials with dimensions greater than
3 feet shall be picked before the sorting process can begin in earnest.

SORTING
Sorting generally involves loading materials onto an inclined metal belt—a chainbelt—and passed
across a manual sortline consisting of a flexible rubber belt and integral sort stations providing a place
for several workers to stand, usually opposite from one another down the length of the belt. Materials
are identified, grabbed, and deposited in vertical openings at each sort station. The effectiveness of the
manual sort line is largely determined by the performance of the picking operation which precedes it;
for example large materials on the belt can be difficult to manage and or obstruct recoverable materials
passing by on the belt beneath.

CONTAINERIZATION AND TRANSPORT

Picked and sorted materials are deposited by means of equipment and manual labor into industrial
containers of various types. Combination compactor-balers are used in some applications to produce
dense bales of materials which are then loaded into intermodal shipping containers for transport.
DIVERSION OR DISPOSAL
Diverted materials are destined for incorporation in new products as recycled material, or are processed
for reuse. Materials destined for disposal in landfills include refuse, materials contaminated with waste
or which have been ruined, and materials for which markets do not exist.

WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANNING

Waste management should be an integral part of a project's development. Each of the principal project
participants—the Owner, their Architectural and Engineering (A/E) services (or Construction
Management consultant), the Contractor, and Subcontractors—will engage in waste management to
some degree throughout the project. Initially, the Owner and their A/E must establish waste reduction
goals and define what levels of diversion are achievable and reasonable under the project's conditions
and as required by:

 State and local regulations

 U.S. EPA
 State statutes or
 Green Building Rating program requirements.

FACILITY DESIGN
The Contractor is responsible for the means, methods, techniques, sequences, and procedures of
construction, which include waste disposal methods. However, the A/E's design team can contribute
to waste reduction in several ways. These include:
1. Observe Value Engineering principals. Perform multiple functions with one material rather
than requiring multiple materials to perform one function. Design to optimize systems' and
components' use. Avoid extraneous materials that do not contribute to function.
2. Be efficient in area and volume. If less material is required by the design, less waste is
generated at the jobsite.
3. Observe standard material and product dimensions. Locate features "on module" to the extent
possible to reduce cutting and special fitting, which creates scrap.
4. Where possible, select construction systems that do not require temporary support, shoring,
construction aids, or other materials that will be disposed of as debris during the project.
5. Where possible, select materials that do not rely on adhesives, which require containers and
create residue and packaging waste. Furthermore, adhesives inhibit salvage and recycling at
the end of the component's or building's life.
6. Where possible, reduce requirements for applied finishes, laminates, coatings, adhesives, and
the associated scrap, packaging, and waste. Select materials with integral finishes.
7. Where possible, avoid materials which are sensitive to damage, contamination, environmental
exposure, or spoilage on-site, which increase the potential for jobsite waste.

JOBSITE WASTE REDUCTION

There are a variety of ways a Contractor can divert construction waste or demolition debris at the
jobsite. The following general practices are common:
1. Up to 10-12% of a project's construction waste stream can be cardboard alone. While protecting
new materials is necessary, the Contractor can direct their subcontractors and suppliers to
reduce extraneous packing and packing.
o Purchase materials in bulk where possible. Avoid individual packaging for volume
purchases.
o Use returnable containers and packing materials
o Reuse non-returnable containers on the jobsite to the maximum extent possible.
Develop one-hundred-and-one-uses for plastic barrels, buckets, and tubs.
o Give away non-returnable containers. Contact local and community organizations
(schools, youth groups, community service groups, Habitat for Humanity, others
similar).
2. Use scrap in lieu of cutting full new materials. Direct subcontractors and trades to collect and
keep scrap at cutting and fabricating locations. Collect paints and liquids from almost-empty
containers; avoid disposing of useable materials simply because there is not enough in one
container to finish a job.
3. For materials that are heated, mixed, exposed to environmental conditions, or otherwise subject
to spoilage, limit preparation of these materials to quantities which can be installed within their
expiration times. Working in smaller batches will reduce the necessity to throw out expired or
spoiled materials. Ensure volatile materials, and materials that degrade when exposed to heat,
cold, or moisture are protected from spoilage and are not wasted.
4. Recycle damaged components, products, and materials, or disassemble them into their
constituent materials for recycling.
5. Establish a return or buy-back arrangement with suppliers. Alternatively, unused, or used but
serviceable materials and products can be sold to architectural salvage or used materials retail
outlets.
C&D recycling pick line
6. The Contractor may contract with a C&D recycling
firm who accepts commingled debris. At the recycling
site, concrete and masonry rubble are separated out of
the debris for crushing into aggregate products. The
remaining debris is typically crushed or shredded, then
conveyed along a pick line for sorting and recycling.
Recycling commingled debris and waste off-site
requires virtually no adjustment in practice on the
Contractor's part. C&D waste recyclers generally
describe their fees as "competitive" with landfill
disposal, which means a modest savings over prevailing landfill tipping fees. Clean wood is
frequently sold for boiler fuel, and some agencies do not allow incineration to be counted as
diversion.
7. The Contractor may contract with individual recycling firms who deal in specific materials, in
addition to a general waste hauler. Effective jobsite segregation is to place receptacles in the
path of least resistance to the workforce, training the workforce to observe segregation
practices, and policing the jobsite to prevent contamination. The Contractor can contract with
a waste hauler who provides receptacles for recyclable materials and debris, and hauls all
materials as a one-stop service. While some contend site separation increases the cost of
construction, efficient materials movement and site layout should minimize any increased
effort.
 "Wood only" receptacle "Metals only" receptacle with steel deck trimmings

8. The waste diversion potential in a demolition scenario is considerable. The building's

construction type and project schedule are the two primary factors in determining what and
how salvage, reuse, and/or recycling can be accomplished. Consider the following:
o Develop the project schedule to accommodate salvage, reuse, or recycling. The quality
and quantity of materials salvaged is a direct function to the time available for salvage.
o Prior to demolition, salvage as much useable material and components as the schedule
will allow. Windows and doors, wood flooring, cabinetry, architectural millwork,
electrical fixtures, plumbing fixtures, mechanical equipment … anything that can be
detached and removed …can be usually be salvaged and reused. When developing the
C&D Waste Management Plan, identify the most accessible and valuable materials,
thereby optimizing the application of resources to this task.
o Concrete and masonry materials can be recycled to produce aggregate. This may be
accomplished on-site with mobile equipment, or rubble can be hauled to a permanent
recycling facility. Preferences vary among demolition contractors and recyclers about
whether the building should be gutted prior to demolition, leaving only concrete and
reinforcing to be crushed, or demolished intact, and the debris sorted as part of the
concrete crushing process. Consider how the recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) will
be used, what RCA products are most useable, and how the rubble should be processed
to produce these products. If aggregate materials are required for the project, on-site
recycling can provide these materials at a reduced net cost.
o Landscape materials and wood that is not painted with lead-based paint, treated with
an arsenic-based preservative, or otherwise contaminated with a hazardous or toxic
material can be shredded into mulch, composted, or chipped for boiler fuel. This can
be accomplished on-site or off-site. If mulch or compost is required for the project,
shredding on-site can provide these materials at a reduced net cost.
o Structural steel and metals are almost universally recycled. This should be standard
practice with any demolition contractor.
o Old growth timber is a valuable material and will usually justify the time required for
a more delicate removal process. Timbers are generally sold through timber brokers to
be cleaned and resold for timber framing, or as feedstock for high quality architectural
millwork.
o Some species of dimensional lumber can also be quite valuable. Wood framed
buildings can be partially or totally deconstructed. While this is often a more labor
intensive approach, cost avoidance and the value of the materials can offset initial cost.
 o If none of the alternative salvage, reuse, or recycling options are possible, mixed
demolition debris can be hauled to a C&D debris recycling facility, as described above.

Concrete recycling Segregated piles

Wood building deconstruction Salvaged lumber at the jobsite

RELEVANT CODES AND STANDARDS

 Executive Order 13693, "Planning for Federal Sustainability in the Next Decade"
 UFC 1-200-02 High Performance and Sustainable Building Requirements
Environmental Monitoring Plans (EMP)
This section describes the EMP for the project, which provides detail of the monitoring and audit
requirements, the specific environmental performance limits and how the requirements of the EMP will
be managed.

Objectives of the Environmental Monitoring Plans (EMP)

The main objective of the Environmental Monitoring Plan include:

 To provide database from which the environmental impact of the project can be assessed.
 To provide an early indication should any of the environmental control measures or practices fail
to achieve the acceptable standards.
 To monitor the performance of the project and effectiveness of the mitigation measures
 To determine project compliance with regulatory requrements, standards and government
policies.
 To take remedial measures if unexpected problems or unacceptable impact arise.

Scope of the EMP

The Scope of the EMP shall include:

 To identify and resolve environmental issues and other functions that may arise during the
implementation and operational issues
 To implement water quality, air quality and noise impact monitoring programme during the
operational phase.
 To check and implement action plans and recommend and implement remedial measures.
 To manage and liaise with neighbors of surrounding areas, other stakeholders, local authorities
concerning any environmental issues during implementation phase.

Environmental Monitoring and Auditing Requirements

Environmental monitoring for this project will include quantitative assessment of air quality, noise and
water quality impacts in the vicinity of the project site.
Air Quality
Reguar site inspections will be undertaken at least once a week during the construction period to ensure
that good construction site practices are implemented. The inspection will check for stockpiles, loading
and unloading processes that are managed in a way that prevent dust and that any working areas for
eartworks is sprayed with water before the start of work.
Noise
To ensure that the noise impact associated with the construction operations complies with the noise level
or criterion of 70 dBA at the nearest residential areas. Noise monitoring will be conducted every other
week during the period of construction operation using a noise receiver point located at a strategic area.
Additional monitoring may also be undertaken at different site location where the effect of excessive
noise is observed.

Solid Waste
Regular site inspection will be conducted to ensure that good construction practices are being employed.
The environmental management team wil inspect the segregation of MSW and reuse of MSW on site and
whether the disposal of wastes are managed properly.

Wastewater
Prior to site discharge from the project retention area, the effluent quality will be monitored for various
key pollutants of concern in accordance to effluent discharge permit requirements.

Environmental Reporting
The Personnel in-charge with the environmental protection of the construction operation shall coordiante
with all constructtion personnel and ascertain that mitigation measures are identified in the report and
forming part of the work contractes is observed. The Personnel in-charge will report to the directly to the
Project Superintendent and liaise with government authorities and all parties concerned.
During the construction period, the Personnel in-charge shall be responsible for all environmental matters
pertaining to the day-to-day operation of the project. The main responsibilities of the Project in-charge to
the Environmental protection include:

 To assess the compliance of the construction operation wit standards and norm
 To monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation or control measures in achieving
environmental protection.
 To carry out and monitor environmental awareness amongst the construction personnel
 To establish and promote good relations with local communities on matter pertaining to
environmental protection
 To prepare and submit reports regularly to the Construction Management.
TRAFFIC CONTROL PLANS

1.0 ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION

1.1 This document provides basic safety guidelines related to the development, implementation
and maintenance of traffic control plans.
1.2 These guidelines do not supersede or replace regulatory requirements, nor are they intended to
be all inclusive of the applicable regulatory requirements. Instead, they are intended to be
supportive and complimentary to such requirements.
1.3 All traffic control plans should comply with the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices
(MUTCD).

2.0 HAZARD ASSESSMENT

2.1 Hazard assessments should be performed to identify potential vehicle or traffic‐related
hazards associated with construction work along public roadways.
2.2 Existing and temporary traffic control devices should be inspected and verify that they
effectively meet their intended use.

3.0 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

3.1 Management Responsibilities (includes all personnel with a supervisory role)
3.1.1 Enforce the use of and compliance with traffic control plans.
3.1.2 Conduct regular reviews of internal policy and procedures to verify development,
implementation, maintenance and quality of the traffic control plans.
3.1.3 Establish a documented inspection process to verify traffic control devices (permanent and
temporary) are inspected and maintained as designed.
3.1.4 Verify that any vehicle incident that occurs in a work zone requiring a traffic control plan is
investigated to confirm appropriate control devices are in place.
3.1.5 If necessary, consult with the governing agency to recommend changes to traffic control
plans as the job progresses, or as a result of an incident investigation.
3.2 Health & Safety (H&S) Responsibilities
3.2.1 Assist supervision with inspections of the traffic control plan.
3.2.2 Review traffic control plans to confirm alignment with specifications of the MUTCD.
3.3 Employee Responsibilities
3.3.1 Abide by the traffic control plan.
 3.3.2 Report observations where the traffic control plan appears to be ineffective.
4.0 EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
4.1 All traffic‐control devices must conform to the specifications of the MUTCD.

5.0 HAZARD MITIGATION

5.1 Traffic Control Plans
5.1.1 Determine local or state agency responsible for the approval of traffic control plans,
establish a working relationship to verify understanding and inspection requirements.
5.1.2 When required, copies of all traffic control plans shall be readily available on‐site for
review. Each traffic control plan provides pertinent information regarding the number of signs,
sign spacing, size, type, etc.
5.1.3 Routes shall be planned that allow for adequate turn radius of vehicles and equipment as
necessary.
5.1.4 Entry into construction yards should be planned to prevent congestion of both motorists and
pedestrians.
5.1.5 Where operations are performed in phases, only those traffic control devices that apply to
the conditions existing in that phase should be used. The devices that do not apply to existing
conditions are to be removed, covered, or turned so as not to be identified by oncoming traffic.
5.1.6 Only authorized vehicles and equipment are allowed in the work area. All authorized
vehicles should be equipped with and utilize emergency lighting / flashers while in the work area.
5.2 Temporary Traffic Control Devices (Signage)
5.2.1 Adequate signage shall be in place to direct traffic flow.
5.2.2 Where warning signs are used, they must conform to the minimum state requirements
and/or the requirements of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), Part 2 –
Signs.
5.2.3 All temporary traffic control devices shall meet or exceed all applicable Department of
Transportation (DOT) standards and conform to the MUTCD standards.
5.2.4 Advanced warning signs are used to alert motorists of construction or maintenance activities
or obstructions near the roadway and are designed so as to be seen over the top of preceding
vehicles.
5.3 Flaggers
5.3.1 As needed and when required, trained flaggers are assigned to intermittently direct traffic
around the work area, maintain continuous traffic past a work site at reduced speeds to help
protect the work crew, and/or to protect the public from work encroaching onto a road or
highway.
 5.3.2 Locate flagger stations far enough in advance of the work site so that approaching traffic
will have sufficient distance to reduce speed before entering the project. This distance is related
to approach speed and physical conditions at the site; however, 200 to 300 feet is desirable. In
urban areas when speeds are low and streets closely spaced, the distance necessary may be
decreased.
5.3.3 The flagger should be stationed sufficiently in advance of the work site to warn them of
approaching danger, such as an out‐of‐control vehicle(s).
5.3.4 In positioning flaggers, consideration must be given to maintaining color contrast between
the work area background and the flaggers' protective garments.
5.3.5 At night, flagger stations should be adequately illuminated. Place a diamond‐shaped
Advance Warning sign 500 feet ahead of the flagger(s), advising motorists.
5.3.6 Under no circumstances should a flagger stand in the lane used by moving traffic. The
flagger should be clearly visible to approaching traffic at all times. For this reason the flagger
should stand alone, never permitting a group of fellow employees to congregate around the
flagger station.
5.3.7 Use lights approved by the appropriate highway authority or reflectorized sign paddles or
reflectorized flags to flag traffic at night. Daytime flagging procedures are followed whenever
such lights, paddles or flags are used at night.

6.0 TRAINING
6.1 Periodic refresher training should be conducted on the installation, inspection, maintenance and
enforcement of traffic control plans.

7.0 REFERENCES
Current versions of the references automatically supersede the references listed below.
7.1 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (ASHTO)
7.1.1 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (Revision/Edition 10, October 5, 2010)
7.2 U.S. Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration
7.2.1 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (2009 Edition with Revisions 1 and 2
incorporated, May 2012)
Part 1 – General
Part 2 – Signs
Part 3 – Markings
Part 4 – Highway Traffic Signals
Part 5 – Traffic Control Devices for Low‐Volume Roads
Part 6 – Temporary Traffic Control
Part 7 – Traffic Control for School Areas
Part 8 – Traffic Control for Railroad and Light Rail Transit Grade Crossings
Part 9 – Traffic Control for Bicycle Facilities
SURFACE AND GROUND WATER PROTECTION AND
Shall establish methods of protecting surface and ground water during construction activities. These water
courses, including but not limited to all rivers, streams, bayous, lakes, ponds, bogs, and wetlands, shall be
protected from pollutants such as petroleum products, fuels, oils, lubricants, bentonite, bitumens, calcium
chloride, acids, waste washings, sewage, chlorinated solutions, herbicides, insecticides, lime, wet concrete,
cement, silt, or organic or other deleterious material. Chemical emulsifiers, dispersants, coagulants, or other
cleanup compounds shall not be used without prior written approval from the Contracting Officer. Waters
used to wash equipment shall be disposed to prevent entry into a waterway until treated to an acceptable
quality. Fuels, oils, greases, bitumens, chemicals, and other nonbiodegradable materials shall be contained
with total containment systems and removed from the site for disposal in an approved manner.

PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES

The Subcontractor shall protect the environmental resources, such as, but not limited to, historic,
archaeological and cultural resources; land, water (rivers, streams, bayous, lakes, ponds, bogs, and
wetlands), and air resources; and fish and wildlife resources within the project boundaries and those
affected outside the limits of permanent work under this contract.

Impact of the construction phase on the water environment

Although the construction phase of any project is short term compared with the permanent works that are
being built, the risk of pollution and damage to the water environment during this phase is very high. These
risks are summarised below.
Rainfall and associated surface water run-off during construction works can mobilise and transport
pollutants such as sediment, oils, chemicals and other building materials into the water environment causing
harm to plants and animals. Heavy rainfall can also flood excavations and other work areas which
subsequently require draining or de-watering. When working in or near rivers, construction sites are more
at risk of flooding from rising river levels.
Potential sources of pollution on construction sites
• Direct disturbance of the banks and bed of rivers and lakes
• De-watering of excavations
• Run-off from exposed ground and material stockpiles
• Run-off from roads and haul routes and river crossings
• Plant washings/washing areas
• Fuel and chemical storage/refuelling areas
• Leaking/vandalised equipment
Impacts of pollution can include the following.
• Sediment pollution can smother important river habitats such as fish spawning habitats
• Pollution from fuels and other chemicals can have a variety of effects on fresh water ecology and can lead
to fish and invertebrates being killed in Lakes and along long lengths of river.
• Cement pollution of waters results in high alkalinity and raises the pH, which can be toxic to aquatic life.
• Even very small amounts of material can be a pollutant. For example, five litres of oil can disperse to
cover an area of water the size of four football pitches.
• All these forms of pollution can also render receiving waters unsuitable for potable or industrial
abstraction, fish farming, angling, agricultural stock watering, and general amenity/tourism.

Planning and site set-up

Most pollution incidents are avoidable and the risk of pollution and damage to the water environment can
be reduced by careful planning.
Planning stage considerations:
• Identify the location of all watercourses, lakes, wetlands and drainage paths for surface water.
• Identify protected habitats and species.
• Assess potential flood risks.
• Identify potential sources of pollution (see Section 2).
• Timing of works.
• Space should be put aside for Drainage Systems or Drainage System equivalent.
• Train staff.
• Emergency procedures.
• Monitoring requirements.
The risk of pollution and damage to the water environment should be minimised by careful planning. The
following should be considered at the planning stage.
Location of surface waters
Identify the location of all rivers, Lakes, wetlands, burns, ditches, drains and drainage paths for surface
water and how the proposed works will affect them by undertaking an appropriate pre-works survey (desk-
based and on-site verification). Buffer strips and working/storage distances from watercourses should be
considered.
Location of historic, archaeological and cultural resources
Identify the location of historic, archeological and cultural resources and how the construction works will
affect these areas by undertaking an appropriate occular inspection. Information shall be sorced from the
local Authorities. Simlar to the local water surface affected by the proposed works, a buffer strips and
working distance shall be established. Barricades and appropriate warning signs shall be provided to prevent
intrusions.
Protected habitats / species
Identify key habitats and designated areas on or adjacent to the site, eg Sites of Special Scientific Interest
(SSSIs), Special Areas of Conservation (SACs), RAMSAR sites.
Flood risk
Assess potential flood risks to the site during the works. Check the Indicative River & Coastal Flood Map
for an indication of the extent of site likely to be affected by flooding.
Sources of pollution
Identify potential sources of pollution. Also consider methods of disposing of contaminated water.
Timing
Plan the timing of work to avoid sensitive times of the year, eg fish spawning, fish migration time and bird
nesting season.
Space for Drainage System
Put aside adequate space for Drainage System including facilities such as settlement ponds during
construction stages of a project. Where the construction will lead to a permanent facility requiring surface
water drainage, consider how systems deployed to treat run-off during construction might be retained or
converted into permanent Drainage System to serve the built structure once completed.
Train staff
All personnel from the site manager to engineers, foremen, plant operatives, sub-contractors, tradesmen
and labourers have a part to play in preventing pollution and harm to the water environment during
construction. It is crucial that each member of the site staff is aware of the potential impact of their activities
and is equipped with the knowledge of how to eliminate or reduce that impact. Lack of training and
awareness of environmental impact can often result in bad practices unwittingly being adopted. Bad
practices can in turn lead to pollution or degradation of adjacent rivers, lakes and wetlands.
Emergency procedures
At the project planning stage it is essential to think through the possible incidents and emergencies which
could arise during construction works and plan accordingly (risk assessments). These may include:
• pollution incidents – spillages, failure of temporary works, bank collapse, vandalism, fire, etc;
• extreme weather events – heavy rainfall, flooding, severe frost and snow.
Put in place an emergency response plan on site with a procedure for dealing with emergencies and
communicate this procedure to all site staff at site induction.
Site staff responsible for taking action in emergencies must be:
• aware of their responsibilities;
• trained to use the necessary equipment such as spill control equipment and shut-off valves.
Monitoring requirements
Monitoring can help determine if construction works are having an impact on the water environment. This
can help assess the effectiveness of pollution prevention measures and give early warning of pollution
incidents so that corrective action can be taken.
Avoid unnecessary vegetation clearance. This keeps damage to a minimum and helps prevent sediment
pollution from run-off. Only clear vegetation when works are required; adopt a phased approach to avoid
clearing the whole site at once, leaving exposed ground for long periods of time.
Establish buffer zones around watercourses and protected habitats/species. Do not disturb protected
habitats/species and establish exclusion zones that are suitably isolated from works using fences, barriers,
screens and signage. Contact the local authority planning department to identify any trees subject to a Tree
Preservation Order.
Remove invasive or noxious plants (Japanese knotweed, Giant hogweed, ragwort and Himalayan balsam)
before works commence. It is an offence to plant or cause any non-native plant species to grow in the wild.
• details of removal methods and any associated authorisations required;
• requirements for transfer of the resulting controlled waste.
The timing of vegetation removal should be considered carefully to avoid particularly sensitive periods of
the year (eg bird nesting season).
Do not dispose of removed vegetation in watercourses and prevent debris from vegetation removal
operations from falling into the water. This can be done by removing vegetation from behind the bank and
pulling it away from the water, or by placing screens or nets between the vegetation and the water. Where
this is impractical, use booms or temporary screens to collect any floating debris so that it can then be easily
removed. This type of recovery should cause as little disruption to the watercourse as possible.
Vegetation removal is likely to destabilise the banks and/or bed of the watercourse or make them more
vulnerable to erosion . Removal of vegetation can also alter flow patterns and induce or accelerate bank or
bed erosion. It is vital to take measures to ensure the stability of the bank, particularly where there is a risk
of raised water levels (high flows) until the vegetation is re-established. Biodegradable textiles can be used
to protect areas of bare soil
Minimise run-off of contaminated water
Contaminated water can arise from a number of sources including:
• direct disturbance of the river bed or bank;
• de-watering of excavations;
• run-off from exposed ground and material stockpiles;
• run-off from roads and haul routes and river crossings;
• plant washings;
• fuel and chemical storage/refuelling areas;
• leaking/vandalised equipment.
The risk of water becoming polluted in the first place should be minimised. All sources of pollution should
be identified at the planning stage and appropriate mitigation measures put in place.
Locate areas of high risk away from watercourses and drainage paths. Areas of high risk include:
• fuel and chemical storage;
• refuelling areas;
• material stockpiles;
• vehicle and equipment washing areas;
• site compounds/parking areas.
Store fuel, oils and chemicals on an impervious base within a bund able to contain at least 110% of the
volume stored.
If possible use biodegradable oil in plant and machinery. Biodegradable oil is less toxic than most synthetic
oil but should still be used and stored to the same standards as other oils.
There are three simple principles which should be followed to minimise the volume of contaminated run-
off being generated.
• DIVERT clean water away from exposed soils and working areas.
• MINIMISE erosion of exposed soils.
• PREVENT contaminated water from entering watercourses untreated.

DIVERT clean surface water away from exposed soils

This can significantly reduce the volume of water contaminated with sediment on site thus reducing the
risk of pollution and the costs associated with treating contaminated water before discharge.
• Diversion drains. Such diversion can be implemented on the upstream perimeter of the site or immediately
upstream of areas of exposed soil on the site (eg excavations, embankments and stockpiles). Line drains
with a non-erodible material such as turf/geotextiles.
• Bunds. These can be placed around exposed soils such as excavations/material stockpiles. This will
prevent clean water entering the area and dirty water from leaving the area. Bunds should be made of non-
erodible material such as straw bales/geotextiles.
Route uncontaminated water to nearby land or surface water.
MINIMISE erosion of exposed soils
The most obvious way to minimise erosion is to minimise the amount of soil exposed. Existing mature
vegetation will not only be able to absorb rainfall and filter sediment polluted run-off, but the extensive
root systems help to hold soils together and reduce erosion.
Leave as much existing vegetation in place as possible and protect it with fences and signs where necessary.
Only clear that part of the site which will be worked on in the near future. Consider phasing site clearance
for different stages of the work.
Leave buffer strips of vegetation 18–30Ft wide along site boundaries and river banks to act as sediment
filters. Buffer strips are generally secondary measures and must not be used as the sole method to prevent
or treat the escape of polluted water.
Where it is necessary to remove vegetation and it will not to be replaced by permanent works, establish
new/replacement vegetation (using seeds from a local and reputable source) as soon as practicable. Until
vegetation is fully re-established, temporary protection of the soil may be necessary.
Where exposed soil is to be left for a long period of time before completion of the works or before seeding
or planting can be established, other measures to prevent soil erosion may be required. This can include the
use of:
• Geotextiles (biodegradable and non-biodegraable);
• mulching/binders/hydroseeding;
• turf cut from other areas on site where vegetation is being removed (can be reused elsewhere for permanent
reinstatement as required);
• surface roughening/benching

PREVENT water polluted with sediment from leaving the site

There are many techniques and existing guidance to help minimise the mobilisation and loss of
sediments/silt into waters. In certain circumstances it may be impossible or prohibitively expensive to
prevent erosion of exposed soils. In such circumstances it is necessary to ensure that:
• water polluted by sediment is not allowed to leave the site untreated;
• the level of treatment is sufficient to ensure the final discharge is acceptable.
In most cases this will involve collecting the polluted run-off and routing it to treatment by filtration,
settlement or specialist techniques. As well as treatment immediately prior to discharge, polluted water can
be treated at source and en route to the discharge point – though this does not necessarily negate the need
for further treatment before discharge. Widely used techniques include:
• diversion drains/ditches;
• silt fence;
• fibre roll;
• filter bund;
• silt trap;
• haul routes and site entrances;
• surface drainage protection.
Diversion drains should be lined with a non-erodible material such as turf/geotextiles.
Haul routes, access roads and parking areas can generate significant quantities of water polluted with
sediment. Being temporary in nature, they are often formed by simply stripping topsoil and grading the
subsoil to suit. This means that during heavy rainfall surface run-off can erode the surface. The tracking of
plant and machinery across wet or saturated soil can also loosen and mobilise additional sediment.
• Consider applying binder to road surfaces. This will also help to reduce dust pollution during dry weather.
• Shed water from roads onto adjacent vegetation or construct ditches along the road edge(s) to prevent
uncontaminated run-off flowing onto the road and to direct contaminated run-off to treatment facilities. Do
not allow roadside ditches to discharge directly to rivers, burns, lakes or wetlands.
• Prevent excess water running along the road by installing small earth bunds (like speed bumps) or cut-off
ditches at regular spacing to direct water into roadside ditches.
Where haul routes cross watercourses, adopt measures to prevent sediment-laden run-off from entering
them. This can be done by:
• Ensuring crossing structures have edge upstands or bunds eg straw bales, sandbags or earth;
• making sure bridge decks are sealed.
Where inlets to existing surface water drainage are present on- site (eg road gullies or yard drains), protect
them from run-off polluted with sediment. This is best done by diverting the water away from the inlet to
treatment facilities. Where this is not possible, create a bund around the surface water drain to prevent
contaminated water entering.

Isolation of works area

Where engineering works are carried out in or on the banks of rivers, burns, ditches, lakes and wetlands, it
is often necessary to isolate and de-water the work area to create dry working conditions. Isolation of the
works area reduces the risk of sediment entering the river or lake.
The first and most important consideration is whether it is possible to design out the need for such temporary
works. This can be achieved by:
• considering alternative permanent works that do not encroach on the channel, lake or wetland (eg set back
bridge abutments and single span bridges);
• using alternative construction methods (eg directional drilling or tunnelling rather than open cut
excavation for pipe and cable crossings).
If temporary works in or on the banks of rivers, burns, ditches, Lakes or wetlands are unavoidable, choose
the isolation method that causes the least disturbance to the water body but provides the highest level of
pollution protection.
As well as initially de-watering the isolated work area, most of the isolation methods are likely to require
continual or intermittent de-watering due to ingress of surface water, seepage or groundwater.
Filtration
Limited volumes of contaminated water can be passed through a filter medium to remove sediment. Suitable
filtration media can include straw bales, single sized aggregate (1–-2 1/2in) or geotextiles. Mechanical
filtration units can also be used and are available from a number of different suppliers. These can be used
in single units or joined together for larger volumes.
NOISE INTRUSION
The Subcontractor shall exercise controls to minimize damage to the environment by noise from
construction activities. All Subcontractor's, subcontractors', and suppliers' equipment used on or in the
vicinity of the job site shall be equipped with noise suppression devices.
Road construction equipment operation such as grader, paver, dump trucks, loaders, rollers, breaker and
concrete cutter are the most common sources of noise intrusion.
To control and minimize the environmental impact of the noise intrusion, absorptive barrier or reflective
barrier within the safe proximity of the work areas shall be temporarily constructed. This is in addition to
the noise suppression devices to be equipped in every construction equipment working in the area.
Left Side: Reflective Barrier; Right Side: Absorptive Barrier

Absorptive or reflective barrier shall be made of wood assembled and installed to a rigid burried posts.
Diagonal supports shall be provided to prevent the structures from fallin and breaching during equipment
operations.
Installed absorptive or reflective barrier shall be adequate to cover and reduce the noise from spreading
within the residential or populated vicinity.
Dismantling and transfer of the structures to another work location shall be made upon the termination of
equipment operation in the area.
CONTAMINANT PREVENTION PLAN
The Subcontractor shall identify potentially hazardous substances to be used on the job site and intended
actions to prevent accidental or intentional introduction of such materials into the air, water or ground. The
Subcontractor shall detail provisions to be taken regarding the storage and handling of these materials. The
plan shall include, but not be limited to, plans for preventing polluted runoff from plants, parked equipment,
and maintenance areas from entering local surface and ground water sources.

Identified on-site potentally hazardous materials shall be handled and stored acoording to the
manufacturer’s manual. Equipment shall be provided with fuel/oil spill containment pan to avoid ground
contamination. Combustible materials shall be stored in a well ventilated storage cabin.
Safety Officers and Deputized Personnel shall conduct regular inspection on the condition, usage and
storage of potentally hazardous materials. Warnings and notices shall be provided along the conspicuous
areas to remind site personnel of the care and handling of the materials. Equipment operators and field
mechanics shall conduct regular inspections to the equipment operating on-site to prevent leaks and spill of
fuel and oil.

POST CONSTRUCTION CLEANUP

The Subcontractor shall clean up areas used for construction and remove all signs of temporary
construction facilities; Subcontractor office, storage and staging areas; quarry and borrow areas, and all
other areas used by the Subcontractor during construction. Furthermore, the disturbed areas shall be
graded and filled as approved by Contracting Officer. Restoration of original contours is not required
unless specified in another section
Post construction cleanup shall start to be implemented upon determination that worked areas are
substantially completed. Barriers, barricades, signs, temporary construction facilities, quarry and borrow
areas, and all other areas used by the Subcontractor during construction that are no longer be of used
during the final inspection and turn-over period shall be dismantled, cleaned and hauled-out. Storage and
staging areas to be subsequently dismantled and hauled-out upon determination that such temporary
facilities shall no longer be necessary.
Affected areas that were disturbed shall be restored and cleaned. Cleaning shall be made within the work
areas and strips along the perimeter. Un-used materials shall be properly disposed or stored.

RESTORATION OF LANDSCAPE DAMAGE

All landscape features damaged or destroyed during construction operations that were not identified for
removal shall be restored. Any vegetation or landscape feature damaged shall be restored as nearly as
possible to its original condition.