5.

26(31) The vibrations of the body of a helicopter due to the

periodic force applied by the rotation of the rotor can be
modeled by a frictionless spring-mass-damper system
subjected to an external periodic force. The position 𝑥(𝑡) of
the mass is given by the equation:
2𝑓0 𝜔𝑛 − 𝜔 𝜔𝑛 + 𝜔
𝑥(𝑡) = sin ( 𝑡) sin ( 𝑡)
𝜔𝑛3−𝜔 3 2 2
where 𝐹(𝑡) = 𝐹0 sin 𝜔 𝑡, and 𝑓0 = 𝐹0 /𝑚, 𝜔 is the frequency of the applied force, and 𝜔𝑛 is the
natural frequency of the helicopter. When the value of 𝜔 is close to the value of 𝜔𝑛 , the vibration
consists of fast oscillation with slowly changing amplitude called beat. Use 𝐹0 /𝑚 = 12𝑁/𝑘𝑔,
𝜔𝑛 = 10 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠, and 𝜔 = 12 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 to plot x(t) as a function of t for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 10 𝑠.

%Programa de movimiento del helicópero debido a las vibraciones

f0=12; wn=10; w=12;
t=0:.1:10;
x=2*f0/(wn^3-w^3)*sin((wn-w)*t/2).*sin((wn+w)*t/2);
plot(t,x,'k--')
title('Helicopter Body Vibrations')
xlabel('Time, s')
ylabel('Displacement, m')
8-21 (18) The population of the world for selected years from 1750 to 2009 is given in the
following table:
Year 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 1990 2000 2009
Population 791 980 1260 1650 2520 5270 6060 6800
(millions)

(a) Determine the exponential function that best fits the data. Use the function to estimate the
population in 1980. Make a plot of the points and the function.
(b) Curve-fit the data with a third-order polynomial. Use the polynomial to estimate the population
in 1980. Make a plot of the points and the polynomial.
(c) Fit the data with linear and spline interpolations. Estimate the population in 1975 with linear
and spline interpolations. Make a plot of the data points and curves made of the interpolated points.
In each part make a plot of the data points (circle markers) and the fit curve or the interpolation
curves. Note that part (c) has two interpolation curves.
The actual population of the world in 1980 was 4453.8 million.
clear, clc
year=[1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 1980 1990 2000 2009];
pop=[0.791 0.980 1.26 1.65 2.52 4.4538 5.27 6.06 6.8];
t=-50:10:350;
P=11.55./(1+18.7*exp(-0.0193*t));???
plot(t+1800,P,year,pop,'*')
title('World Population')
legend('Model','Census Data','location','NorthWest')
xlabel('Date, years')
ylabel('Population, billions')

At=A0*exp(k*t)
k=(1/t1)*log(A1/A0
k=(1/1950)*log(2.52/0.791)
At=0.791*exp(k*1975)... ????
11-31 Damped free vibrations can be modeled by a block of mass m that is attached to a spring
and a dashpot as shown. From Newton’s second law of motion, the displacement x of the mass as
a function of time can be determined by solving the differential equation:
𝑑2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑚 2
+𝑏 + 𝑘𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
where k is the spring constant and b is the damping coefficient of the dashpot. If the mass is
displaced from its equilibrium position and then released, it will start oscillating back and forth.
The nature of the oscillations depends on the size of the mass and the values of k and b.
For the system shown in the figure, m=10 kg and k=28 N/m. At time t=0 the mass is displaced to
x=0.18 m and then released from rest. Derive expressions for the displacement x and the velocity
v of the mass, as a function of time. Consider the following two cases:
(a) b= 3 (N s)/m.
(b) b= 50 (N s)/m.
For each case, plot the position x and the velocity v versus time (two plots on one page). For case
(a) take 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 20 𝑠, and for case (b) take 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 10 𝑠.

a)
clear all
syms x t
% Part a
disp('Part a:')
disp('Displacement x as a function of time:')
xs=dsolve('10*D2x+3*Dx+28*x=0','x(0)=0.18','Dx(0)=0')
%xs2=subs(xs,t,2)
subplot(2,1,1)
ezplot(xs,[0,20])
axis([0,20,-0.2,0.2])
xlabel('Time (s)')
ylabel('Position (m)')
disp('Velocity v as a function of time:')
v=diff(xs)
subplot(2,1,2)
ezplot(v,[0,20])
xlabel('Time (s)')
ylabel('Velocity (v)')