COMPLETION RATE OF CTE STUDENTS OF KING`S COLLEGE OF THE PHIIPPINES

SCHOOL YEAR 2014-2018

By

Clarita C. Alingcayon

Chazell B. Carlos

Russele Ann A. Kechawen

ABSTRACT

Keywords: completion rate

I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The completion rate of the College of Teacher Education cause of a

student dropping out is often termed as the antecedent of dropout because
it refers to the pivotal event which leads to dropout. This event,
however, is the culmination of a much longer process of leaving school
actually discontinues attendance. Historic scholarship on school dropout
spans from as early as a 1927 monograph that labeled it “school leaving”
and associated those at risk with possible mental inferiority (fuller,
1927, p.1). At the time, previous research has explained dropout causes
and even cataloged from the ensuing decades in terms of content empirical
merit (Dorn, 1993; Rumberger & Lim, 2008; Short & Fitzsimmons, 2007).

School completion rates have grown continually during much of the past
century from single digits at the turn of the 20th century, to 50% just
after World War II, to 80% in the late 1970s, and finally leveling off
at near 89.9% in the recent times (Baldwin, Moffett, & Lane, 1992;
Chapman, Laird, & KewalRamani, 2010; Dorn, 2013; Jones, 1977). This
dramatic shift coincided with educational changes, such as the standards
movement in education, as well as social movements and cultural changes,
including women’s rights, civil rights, dual income families becoming
the norm for many employment. Partly as a result, it became as essential
rite of passage for all adults to have stable works, and school
completion guaranteed higher wage and opened doors to higher educational
institution. Still, the dropout problem has persisted through these
changes even amid higher rates of school completion; moreover, it is
still found in alarming rates in many culturally and linguistically
diverse groups, including African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and
immigrants (Rumberger & Larson, 1998; Rumberger & Thomas, 2000;
Valenzuela, 1999).

To best understand completion rate as a problem on schools, studies

with national representative student populations should be compared
together and their findings considered as a whole. Thus, studies which
were included in the current research were defined as specifically
addressing student-, teachers, or administrator.

Education has a tremendous task to produce citizen who can respond

to the demand of modern living. With knowledge exploring, individual
persons have to develop the skill of learning where to locate information
and how to use them instead of just acquiring and memorizing facts.

Ali (2013) stated that school, colleges, and universities have no

worth without student. Students are most essential asset for any
educational institute. The social and economic development of the country
is directly is directly linked with student academic performance. The
students’ performance plays an important role in producing the best
quality graduates who will become great leader and manpower for the
country thus responsible for the country’s economic and social
development. Students’ academic performance measurement has received
considerable attention in previous research; it is challenging aspects
of academic literature. Academic performance of students has something
to do with the learning acquired by students. They should distinguish
relevant from irrelevant knowledge and apply these intelligently for
creative and productive purposes.

According to Laguador (2013), students must realize the importance

and objectives of having knowledge, skills, and attitude which are
significant in their future employment. Gomez (2012) added that in
learning the alphabet, a person made some mistake along the way, but
some point he or she learned all the letters. The person then changed
from someone who did not know the alphabet to someone who did. Learning
anything new involves change. But it is also a relatively permanent
influence on behavior. Once a person learned the alphabet, it did not
leave him or her. Once a person learns how to drive a car, he or she
does not have to go through the process again at a later time.

Aquino (2013) stated that Gagne defined learning as cumulative; a

mechanism by which an individual becomes competently functioning member
of the society; and it results in different human capabilities, which
are required both from the stimulation, from the environment, and the
cognitive processing undertaken by the learners.

It is as indicated by Ornos (2011), an integrated, on-going

process, occurring within an individual, enabling him to meet specific
aims to fulfill an interest, and to cope with the living process.
Conceptually, the process of learning involves five distinct phases:
unfreezing, problem diagnostic, goal setting, new behavior, and
unfreezing.

With all those stated, the researchers now deemed to investigate

on the factors affecting the completion rate of the students in the
College of Teacher Education particularly in the King’s College of the
Philippines. This is in preparation of the researchers teaching
profession and for the development plan for facing the challenges
experienced by the students in the several factors that were identified
by the students themselves.

II. METHODOLOGY

This study is a qualitative research. It discusses the particular

group of individual in King’s College of the Philippines particularly
in the College of Teacher Education. There are 28 respondents that was
utilized for this research.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

These are results of the interviews and the questionnaire that is
answered by the chosen students from the College of Teacher education.
Table 1. Enrolment Rate of CTE Students From 2014 up to 2018

Chart Title
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd
Sem Sem Sem Sem Sem Sem Sem Sem
2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018
BSED BEED BTTE

2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018

1st Sem 2nd Sem 1st Sem 2nd Sem 1st Sem 2nd Sem 1st Sem 2nd Sem
BSED 475 430 523 509 439 399 277 247
BEED 290 250 272 242 241 203 134 124
BTTE 61 59 66 60 52 46 39 30

Table 2. Completion Rate of CTE Students from 2014-2018

COMPLETION RATE OF CTE

STUDENTS
500
400
300
200
100
0
2014 2018 %
BSED BEED BTTE

Completion rate measures the percentage of College of Teacher Education

students who graduated in a given study period which is four years. There
are 826 students who enrolled in the College of Teacher Education on the
year 2014 and after four years they are supposed to finished their
bachelor`s degree. On the year 2018, there are 401 students who were
able to graduate on time. Using the formula for completion rate: Number
of graduates over number of enrollees multiplied by 100%, the completion
rate of the College of Teacher Education is 48.547 %. Basing from the
result the completion rate of the College of Teacher Education is low.
The next part will discuss some of the factors why the completion rate
of the College of Teacher Education is low.

Among the factors that affects the Completion rate of the students are
the following:
A.)Student factor
A1.)Pregnancy
This has the highest number of respondents (5) and has a percentage of
17.857%, who said that it is the factor that they were not able to finish
their studies within 4 years. According to Kaufman (2001), teenage
pregnancy and teenage parenthood are the major contributing factors for
most girls to drop out of school. Thereon and Dunn (2006) with Kaufman
by adding the adolescent and child bearing is quite disruptive to
educational process of girls and as a result, some teen mothers leave
school and never return. Teenage pregnancy is one of the social ills
that affect society. The existence of teenage pregnancy affects the
development and education of the girl-child, according to Gyan C. (2013).
This is attributable to the girls’ age and the absence of any consistence
means of support to care for the children and themselves when they should
have been in school. It is alleged that teenage pregnancy and its
associated motherhood are characterized with shame, disgrace, and school
dropout, and sometimes end of the individual’s dream of achieving higher
pursuits.
Furthermore, in our department they may or may not allow the students
who are pregnant to have their practice teaching. The department will
not allow the students to have their practice teaching for the well-
being of both the mother and the child. The department will allow
pregnant students to take their practice teaching as far as they comply
with the documents (such as medical certificate, approval of their
parents/spouse, etc.) that are needed.
A2.) Influence of friends

There are two students and has a percentage of 7.143%, who said
that influence of friends was the factor that caused them not to
finish their course in due time. More students than not are in
fact guilty of underage drinking in college. According to New York
University’s Department of Applied Psychology, over 80 percent of
college students drink alcohol at least biweekly, and more than 30
percent binge (have four or more drinks at a time) on occasion.

A3. ) Extra-curricular and co-curricular activities

One factor that hinders the completion of a students is extra-curricular
activities. In this study, there are two students and has a percentage
of 7.143%, who identified extra-curricular activities as a factor in
completion rate.
Extracurricular activities are defined as the activities in which the
students participate after the regular school day has ended (cadwallader,
et al., 2002). Among those activities considered to be school
extracurricular activities include school athletics, school clubs,
marching band, and chorus, orchestra, and student leadership
organizations. Co-curricular activities are activities that occur during
the normal class time (Frame, 2007), such as school band, chorus and
orchestra where students spend countless hours outside of the normal
structure of the school day for practice and performances. This
involvement includes participation in sports and other school sponsored
activities. It has been noted that students who are consistently exposed
to music perform better academically in school than students who do not
engage in music training or performances (Cash, 2009). Cash (2009) also
shared that most states do not place academic requirements on
participation in student clubs, band, chorus,or orchestra. However,
academic clubs such as National Honor Society, Key Club, and Beta Club
do mandate certain levels of academic achievement to be allowed to become
a member. In some states, the marching band might have to meet same
requirements that athletes are required to meet in order to participate
in competition (Cash, 2009). Most states and school districts do set
requirements

A4.) Transferee
Transferring from one school to another or from one course to another
is one factor in completion rate. There are two students and has a
percentage of 7.143%, who identified transferring as a factor in
completion rate.
B.) Departmental Factor
There are four students and has a percentage of 14.286%, who point out
that departmental factor which includes the subjects that are being
offered.
C.) Economic Factor
C1.) Work
There are a lot of students who are working and at the same time studying.
Among the respondents two with a percentage of 7.143%, said that work
is the factor that they were not able to finish their studies in a span
of time.

D.) Home Factor

Filipinos are very attached with their families and they cannot bear to
see that someone in their family is suffering. Two of the respondents
garnering the percentage of 7.143%, said that family is the factor that
they were not able to finish their study.

IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusions

1. The level of completion rate of the CTE students is low.

2. The factors that affects the completion rate are the following: under
the student factor; pregnancy which is the highest, transferring of
school and shifting, joining extra-curricular activities, and influence
of friends. Under the economic factor; working students and at the same
time studying. Another is the home factor wherein they are going to look
over for their family members and lastly, departmental factor that is
due to the subjects that are being offered.

3.

Recommendation

Based on the result of the study, the following are recommended:

1.

2.

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