MALLARI, JORDAN B.
DE ASIS, CRISTMAR E.
11- 216 (STEM)
SPEECH ACT Portugal
(Portuguese)
Representatives In Portuguese, the choice of
(Concluding) words to conclude something
depends on the formality of
the occasion, “assim sendo”
is used for concluding while
talking with friends or family
members. While “para
resumir tudo” is used for
more formal context.
Ex: “Assim sendo, estou
muito decepcionado.”
Translation: “So I am very
disappointed.”
“Para resumir tudo, os
entrevistados são propensos
a esse problema.”
Translation: “To sum it all up,
respondents are prone to this
problem.”
SPEECH ACT
Iran Czechia Croatia Hungary
(Kurdish) (Czech) (Croatian) (Hungarian)
In Kurdish language, they In Czech, when In Croatian In Hungarian
use the phrase “di dawiya someone conclude language, the word language, the use of
rojê de” to sum up a story. within a body of a “Konačno” is used concluding phrases
On the other hand, in formal speech, they to conclude a step- depends on the
conducting scientific use the phrase “tím by-step procedure. formality of the
defense, they use the pádem”. On the other While the phrase “U occasion, “Mindent
phrase “Ji ber vê yekê” hand, concluding in the cjelini” is used to összefoglalva” is
last part of a speech conclude something used for formal”
Ex.“Ji ber vê yekê maqûl e uses the phrase “Abych in a normal context. while “így” is used
ku ezmûna gotin were to shrnul všechno.” for informal settings.
kirin.” Ex. “U cjelini to je
Ex. “Abych to shrnul dobra škola.” Ex. “Így, jobb, ha
Translation: “Therefore it is všechno, je nesprávné helyesen
reasonable to conduct the dělat takový čin.” Translation: “In cselekszünk.”
said experiment.” general, it is a good
Translation: “To sum it
choice of school.” Translation: “So it is
“Di dawiya rojê de Bi up, it is wrong to do better to do the right
tevahî, ew ji wî hez nekir.” such an act.” “Konačno .poslužite thing.”
ga s ljubavlju.
Translation: “To sum it all “Tím pádem. Jsem “Mindent
up, she didn’t loved him.” selhání. Translation: “Finally, összefoglalva, ez
serve the food with egy jó teljesítmény”
Translation: “Thus, I’m love.”
a failure.” Translation: “ All in
all, it was a good
performance.”
 Directrives In Portuguese, ordering food In Kurdish language, the In Czech language, In Croatian, when In Hungarian, the
(Requesting) in restaurant, the word phrase “Dibe ku hûn destê “Prosím” is used by the ordering a food in a phrase “Nem
“"Queria" is used to politely min bidin” is used to majority in order to high-class bánnád” is used to
request for something. This politely ask someone to please someone to do restaurant, “Mogu li indirectly request for
means “I would like” get something for you. something for them. naručiti” which something in a
means “May I order” question manner.
Ex. “Queria para pedir o Ex. “Dibe ku hûn destê Ex. “Prosím pošlete mé is used.
prato mais vendido.” min bidin pişkek avê.” pozdravy vaší rodině.” Ex. “Nem bánnád
Ex. “Mogu li naručiti átadta nekem azt az
Translation: “I would like to Translation: “May you Translation: “Please najbolje jelo koje asztali sót?”
order your best-selling dish.” hand me a glass of send my regards to imate?”
water?” your family.” Translation: “Would
Translation: “May I you mind handing
order the best dish me that table salt?”
you have?”
Expressive In Portuguese language, In Kurdish, the phrase “Olá In Czech language, In Croatian In Hungarian, the
(Greeting) boa tarde” as a general “Ahoj! dlouho jsme se language, “Dobar phrase “Hogy vagy”
“Tem passado bem?” is greeting in the afternoon. It neviděli.” Is used in dan gospodine.” Is is used to greet
used to formally greet is more universal and it is order to greet someone used in order to someone in an
appropriate for greeting a you have met before greet a male person interrogative form.
someone. This phrase is person in a small and but in a long period of with a higher rank or
the safest way to greet short conversation. time. position. Ex. “Hogy vagy
Marz?”
someone at a higher
Ex. “Olá boa tarde, como Ex. “Ahoj Marz! dlouho Ex. “Dobar dan
position. vai você?” jsme se neviděli.” gospodine možete li Translation: “How
potpisati te papire are you Marz?”
Translation: Hello, good Translation: “Hi Marz! na odobrenje?”
“Tem passado bem afternoon, how are you Long time no see.”
Senhor?” doing?” Translation: “Good
day sir, may you
sign these papers
Translation: “Have you for approval?”
been well mister?”
Commisive In Portuguese language, the In Kurdish language, “Ez ê In Czech language,” In Croatian In Hungarian
(Pledging) phrase “Isto nunca vai bibim” is a phrase to use slibuji” in order to language, pledging language, context is
acontecer de novo.” is used when someone promises indicate a strong expressions varies a very vital factor
to pledge something to never to do a future action. It is commitment of a upon the type of that affects the
be done again. It is often translated as “I’ll be”. person to a future listener the speaker statement to be
used by Portuguese but it is action or to an action is talking to. The used in pledging or
an effective way to commit Ex. “Ez ê bibim li neh.” that is yet to be done. phrase “Zavazuji se” promising a future
 as well as to apologize for a Czech use this phrase is used to indicate action. They
past action. Translation: “I’ll be there at often in informal and that the speaker commonly use the
nine.” formal occasions in commits his/herself phrase “fogok”
Ex. “Sinto muito pelo order to build a sense which translates to “I
strongly to a person.
inconveniente ,isto nunca vai of commitment to will” rather than
acontecer de novo.” someone or to Ex. “Zavazuji se k using “I promise”.
something. Bohu a lidem, které
Translation: “I am sorry for miluji nejvíce.” Ex. “Fogok később
the inconvenience, it won’t Ex. “Slibuji miluji tě s este végezzem el a
happen again.” těmi nejlepšími Translation: “I házi feladataimat.”
schopnostmi” commit myself to
God and to the Translation: “I will
Translation: “I promise people I love the finish all my
to love you to the reach most.” homeowoks later on
of my capabilities.” tonight.
Declaratives
(Firing from In Portuguese language, the In Kurdish language, rude In Czech, one way to In Croatian In Hungarian
employment) formal and polite way to fire employers usually say ironically say a
language, the best language, “Úgy
an employee is by saying “hûn ji kar hatin derxistin”. statement to fire
way for them to érezzük, hogy
“Vamos permitir que você It is a very impolite way of someone is by saying politely fire an boldogabb leszel
busque outras oportunidades firing an employee. “Heke Em Ji bo
employee is by máshol” is a
de carreira.” Usually, this However, these are used Pêşbaziya me xebitîn saying “Prepuštamo statement used in
statement is used in order to to strongly let the Em difikirin ku hûn êse” which means order to fire
lessen the sorrow felt by a employee feel of his/her Alîkarê meya herî baş“we’re letting you someone but at the
person who is fired. mistake. bin”. go” this is the most same time
formal and the most expressing
Ex. “Eu sinto Muito vamos Ex. “Hûn ji kar hatin Ex. “Heke Em Ji bo polite way to sympathy and a
permitir que você busque derxistin!” Pêşbaziya me xebitîn effectively fire feeling of concern.
outras oportunidades de Em difikirin ku hûn ê someone.
carreira” Translation: “You are fired Alîkarê meya herî baş Ex. “Gondolkodom,
at this job!” bin, Omlouvám se.” Ex. “Ne znam kako Úgy érezzük, hogy
Translation: “I’m sorry but se vi osjećate, ali o boldogabb leszel
we're going to allow you to Translation: “We think tome.prepuštamo máshol.”
pursue other career you'd be our best se.”
opportunities.” asset, if you worked for Translation: “I am
our competition.” Translation: I don’t thinking that you’ll
know how you’ll feel be happier some
about this but we’re place else.”
letting you go.