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Instrumentation Symbols and Labels: Appendix
Instrumentation Symbols and Labels: Appendix
Instrumentation Symbols
and Labels
This appendix presents the symbols and labels used in this book for the instrumentation
diagrams. Most companies have their own symbols and labels, and even though most
of them are similar, they are not all identical. The symbols and labels used in this book
follow closely the standard published by the Instrument Society of America (ISA); see
the References. The appendix presents just the information needed for this book. For
more information, see the ISA standard.
In general, the instrument identification, also referred to as tag number, is of the
following form:
ARC AP AW
BRC BSH BSL BSHL BRT BW BG
ERC ESL Ez
F FRC FC FCV, FI FSH FSL FSHL FRT N Fv
FQRC FQSH
FF FFRC FFIC FFC FFR FFI FFSH FE
Iz
JRC JR JSH JSHL JRT JE
KRC
LRC LW LG
0
IT
PDSH PDSL
RIC RC RRT RT RY RE Rz
SIC SC sv
TIC TC l-r TY TP TW
T D SL TDY TP TW
u
v VRT
X
Y YR YI YT YY YE
zc zcv
Figure A-l shows different ways to draw a control system, particularly a flow control
loop. Figure A-la shows a flow element, which is an orifice plate with flange
taps, connected to an electronic flow transmitter, FT-10. The output of the transmitter
goes to a square root extractor, and from here the signal goes to a
indicating controller, FIC-10. The output from the controller goes to an I/P transducer,
to convert the electrical signal to a pneumatic signal. The signal from the
transducer then goes to a flow valve, FV-10. Often the labels for the flow element and
valves are omitted for the sake of simplicity; the resulting diagram is shown in Fig.
A-lb. The signals drawn in Fig. A-lb indicate that the control system used is electrical.
Figure A-lc shows the control system when a computer control system is used; note
the difference in signals. Figure A-ld shows the symbols used in this book. The figure
shows the control concept without concern for specific hardware.
REFERENCES
1. “Instrumentation Symbols and Identification.” Standard Research Triangle
Park, N.C.: Instrument Society of America.
Appendix
Case Studies
This appendix presents a series of design case studies that provide the reader with an
opportunity to design process control systems from scratch. The first step in designing
control systems for process plants is deciding which process variables must be con-
trolled. This decision should be made by the process engineer who designed the process,
the instrument or control engineer who will design the control system and specify the
instrumentation, and the operating personnel who will run the process. This is certainly
very challenging and requires team effort. The second step is the actual design of the
control system. It is the second step that is the subject of these case studies; the first
step has been done. Please note that, like any design problem, these problems are
ended. That is, there are multiple correct answers.