Proposal

of Building
Materials/
Products
For Double–Storey
Bungalow In
Damasara Height

AQS1 (F5)
 February
PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

List of Figures
Figure 1 Marble Flooring ........................................................................................................... 1
Figure 2 Marble Flooring ........................................................................................................... 1
Figure 3 Royal White Marble Polished Flooring Living Room ................................................... 3
Figure 4 Royal White Marble Polished Flooring Dining Room .................................................. 4
Figure 5 Royal White Marble Polished Flooring Dry Kitchen .................................................... 4
Figure 6 Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring Bathroom............................................................... 5
Figure 7 Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring Bathroom............................................................... 6
Figure 8 Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring Bathroom............................................................... 7
Figure 10 Antlia Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring Bathroom .................................................. 8
Figure 9 Antlia Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring Wet Kitchen................................................. 8
Figure 11 Engineer Timber Flooring .......................................................................................... 9
Figure 12 Engineered Timber Flooring .................................................................................... 10
Figure 13 Armstrong Engineered Timber Flooring .................................................................. 11
Figure 14 Armstrong Engineered Timber Flooring .................................................................. 11
Figure 15 Ceramic Pattern Tiles Flooring ................................................................................ 12
Figure 16 Ceramic Tiles Flooring ............................................................................................. 12
Figure 17 Ceramic Tiles Flooring Bathroom ............................................................................ 13
Figure 18 Johnson Ceramic Tiles Flooring ............................................................................... 15
Figure 19 Ceramic Wall Tiling .................................................................................................. 16
Figure 20 Ceramic Wall Tiling .................................................................................................. 16
Figure 21 Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiling Type Prismatics (Bath 1, 2 &3) ..................................... 19
Figure 22 Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiling Type Neutral (Master Bath) ......................................... 19
Figure 23 Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiling Type Vivid (Wet Kitchen) ............................................. 20
Figure 24 Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiling Type Vivid (Dry Kitchen) .............................................. 20
Figure 25 Painting Wall Finishes .............................................................................................. 21
Figure 26 Painting Wall Finishes .............................................................................................. 21
Figure 27 Nippon White Colour Painting Wall Finishes........................................................... 23
Figure 28 Nippon Momento Sparkle Silver Painting Wall Finishes ......................................... 23
Figure 29 Modern Gypsum Board Ceiling ............................................................................... 24
Figure 30 Modern Gypsum Board Ceiling ............................................................................... 26
Figure 31 Washable Ceiling Tiles ............................................................................................. 29

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List of Tables
Table 1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Marble Flooring ..................................................... 2
Table 2 Area Proposed for Marble Flooring .............................................................................. 4
Table 3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring .......................... 6
Table 4 Area Proposed for Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring................................................... 8
Table 5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Engineered Timber Flooring ................................ 10
Table 6 Area Proposed for Engineered Timber Flooring ......................................................... 11
Table 7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Ceramic Tiles Flooring ......................................... 13
Table 8 Area Proposed for Ceramic Tiles Flooring .................................................................. 15
Table 9 Area Proposed for Ceramic Wall Tiling ....................................................................... 19
Table 10 Area Proposed for Ceramic Wall Tiling ..................................................................... 20
Table 11 Area Proposed for Painting Wall .............................................................................. 23
Table 12 Area Proposed For Gypsum Ceiling Board ................................................................ 27
Table 13 Area Proposed for Ceiling Tiles ................................................................................. 29
Table 14 Internal Floor Finishes (Ground Floor)...................................................................... 30
Table 15 Internal Floor Finishes (First Floor) ........................................................................... 31
Table 16 Internal Wall Finishes (Ground Floor)....................................................................... 32
Table 17 Internal Wall Finishes (First Floor) ............................................................................ 33
Table 18 Internal Ceiling Finishes (Ground Floor) ................................................................... 34
Table 19 Internal Ceiling Finishes (First Floor) ........................................................................ 35

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Contents
1 Introduction of Materials/ Products.................................................................................. 1
1.1 Internal Floor Finishes ............................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 Marble Flooring ................................................................................................. 1
1.1.1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Marble Flooring ...................................... 2
1.1.1.3 Installation of Marble Flooring ...................................................................... 3
1.1.1.4 Area Proposed for Marble Flooring ............................................................... 4
1.1.2 Porcelain Tiles Flooring Introduction ................................................................ 5
1.1.2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 5
1.1.2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring .......... 6
1.1.2.3 General Installation Guidelines of Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring ........... 7
1.1.2.4 Area Proposed for Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring ................................... 8
1.1.3 Engineered Timber Flooring .............................................................................. 9
1.1.3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 9
1.1.3.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Engineered Timber Flooring ................. 10
1.1.3.3 Area Proposed for Engineered Timber Flooring .......................................... 11
1.1.4 Ceramic Tiles Flooring ..................................................................................... 12
1.1.4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 12
1.1.4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Ceramic Tiles Flooring .......................... 13
1.1.4.3 Installation of Ceramic Tiles Flooring .......................................................... 14
1.2 Internal Wall Finishes .............................................................................................. 16
1.2.1 Ceramic Wall Tiling .......................................................................................... 16
1.2.1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 16
1.2.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Ceramic Wall Tiling ............................... 17
1.2.1.3 Installation of Ceramic Wall Tiling ............................................................... 18
1.2.1.4 Area Proposed for Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiling ............................................ 19
1.2.1.5 Area Proposed for Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiling ............................................ 20
1.2.2 Painting Wall Finishes ...................................................................................... 21
1.2.2.1 Introduction and Advantages of Painting Wall Finishes.............................. 21
1.2.2.2 Painting Steps .............................................................................................. 22
1.2.2.3 Area Proposed for Painting Wall Finishes ................................................... 23
1.3 Internal Ceiling Finishes........................................................................................... 24
1.3.1 Gypsum Board Ceiling with Painting ............................................................... 24

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1.3.1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 24

1.3.1.2 Advantages of Gypsum Board Ceiling ......................................................... 25
1.3.1.3 Installation of Gypsum Board Ceiling .......................................................... 26
1.3.1.4 Area Proposed for Gypsum Ceiling Board ................................................... 27
1.3.2 Ceiling Tiles ...................................................................................................... 28
1.3.2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 28
1.3.2.2 Advantages of Ceiling tiles........................................................................... 28
1.3.2.3 Area Proposed for Ceiling Tiles.................................................................... 29
2 Proposed Building Material/Products ............................................................................. 30
2.1 Internal Floor Finishes (Ground Floor) .................................................................... 30
2.2 Internal Floor Finishes (First Floor).......................................................................... 31
2.3 Internal Wall Finishes (Ground Floor) ..................................................................... 32
2.4 Internal Wall Finishes (First Floor)........................................................................... 33
2.5 Internal Ceiling Finishes (Ground Floor) .................................................................. 34
2.6 Internal Ceiling Finishes (First Floor) ....................................................................... 35

iv

PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
1 Introduction of Materials/ Products
1.1 Internal Floor Finishes
1.1.1 Marble Flooring
1.1.1.1 Introduction
Figure 1 Marble Flooring
Figure 2 Marble Flooring
1
February
22, 2012
Marble is a rock resulting from
metamorphism of sedimentary
carbonate rocks, most commonly
lime stone or dolomite rock.
Metamorphism causes variable
recrystallization of the original
carbonate mineral grains. The
minerals that result from
impurities give marble wide
variety of colours. The purest
calcite marble is white. Marble
containing hematite has a
reddish colour. Marble that has
limonite is yellow, and marble
with serpentine is green.
Throughout the years, marble
flooring has been regarded as a
symbol of prosperity. Ancient
architectures used marble
flooring to signify wealth and
power of a place. A very good
example of the splendor of
marble flooring is the Taj Mahal,
which is considered as one of the
ancient wonders of the world. At
present, marble flooring is very
much still the symbol of wealth
and power.
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1.1.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Marble Flooring

Advantages Disadvantages

Marble is an all natural substance - Marble is a natural stone product.

Marble is highly resilient to water and moisture - Marble is a great
As such, it is completely biodegradable, making it a favorite among
choice for bathrooms and kitchens because of its water and moisture
environmentally conscious homeowners. Marble is also bacteria,
resistant properties.
allergen and moisture resistant when properly sealed.

Marble is durable and long-lasting - Marble is very hard, durable and Marble may not fit all budgets - Marble flooring can give your home
long lasting. It’s also more porous than granite, so it’s critical to seal an aura of richness. It definitely has a natural beauty that quite
any areas that will be exposed to moisture. With proper maintenance, surpasses most other flooring materials. For this reason, marble is
a beautiful marble floor can last a lifetime. quite expensive.

Marble is a gorgeous addition for home interiors - Marble flooring

comes in a great selection of colors, styles and patterns to perfectly Marble should be installed by professionals. Marble requires regular
complement and home décor. It’s also highly versatile for a wide cleaning and sealing.
variety of applications.

Table 1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Marble Flooring

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1.1.1.3 Installation of Marble Flooring

 Preparation of sub base: Base coat consisting of cement concrete 1:8:16,

1:5:10 or 1:4:8 should be laid on compacted earth under marble stone
flooring.
 Laying out of marble stone slabs
 The base concrete or RCC slab on which marble stone slabs are laid should be
thoroughly cleaned.
 The average thickness of bedding mortar under marble stone slab should
be 20 mm thick and the ratio of cement mortar should be 1:3
 The sand used in mortar should be coarse sand.
 The thickness of bedding should not be less than 12 mm in
any place.

Figure 3 Royal White Marble Polished Flooring Living Room

 The top surface of mortar (bedding) should be leveled correctly by adding
fresh mortar at hollows if any.
 The mortar is allowed to harden and cement slurry shall be spread at the rate
of 4.4 kg per sq. meter.
 Marble stone slab to be paved should then be lowered gently back in position
and tapped with wooden mallet till it is properly bedded and leveled with
adjoining slab.
 Care should be taken to match the grains of slabs.
 All stone slabs should be laid in same manner.
 After lying of each slab surplus cement on the surface of slabs should be
cleaned.

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1.1.1.4 Area Proposed for Marble Flooring

Location Price(SQFT) Colour Size(MM) Brand Type

Living Room RM30 White 450x900x20 Stone Tile Depot Royal White Polished
Hallway 1 & 2 RM30 White 450x900x20 Stone Tile Depot Royal White Polished
Dining Room RM30 White 450x900x20 Stone Tile Depot Royal White Polished
Dry Kitchen RM30 White 450x900x20 Stone Tile Depot Royal White Polished
Table 2 Area Proposed for Marble Flooring

Figure 5 Royal White Marble Polished Flooring Dry Kitchen Figure 4 Royal White Marble Polished Flooring Dining Room

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1.1.2 Porcelain Tiles Flooring Introduction

1.1.2.1 Introduction

Porcelain is made similarly to other ceramic, although it

is fired at much higher temperature. Porcelain tiles for the floor
are made by combining natural products such as crushed China
stone and kaolinite with chemicals that give the porcelain
strength. Porcelain tiles are fully vitrified, glazed or unglazed and
can be made using a white or colored ceramic body composed of
a mix of clay and feldspars. They are shaped by pressing a
powdered body and the fired product has water absorption less
than 0.5% (ISO 10545-3).

Unglazed porcelain tiles is the popularity of this type of

tile grew rapidly following technology evolution in single firing.
Water absorption is 0.1% or less (in order to minimize open
porosity after polishing).

Glazed porcelain tiles which a key practical implication is

that low porosity of porcelain tiles makes them frost resistant. In
addition, the higher quality body composition and resultant
surface enables the use of a minimum amount of glaze (enough
to close surface pores). The high quality surfaces enable a large
number of spray and printed color effects (obvious
enhancement of aesthetic value). Water absorption is usually
less than 0.5%.

Figure 6 Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring Bathroom

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1.1.2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring

Advantages
 Durability - Porcelain tile is the hardest flooring material
available, meaning it can withstand even the heaviest foot
traffic. Because it’s 30% stronger than granite, porcelain is
perfect for both residential and commercial use. It also offers
superior stain resistance.
Disadvantages
 Difficulties to install and handling - Many porcelain tiles are
very heavy and cumbersome. Need experts of professionals to
install.

 Low Maintenance - Porcelain tiles are easy to maintain. Simply

sweep the floor thoroughly and clean with a damp mop and mild
household detergent.

 Sustainability - Porcelain tiles are smooth and non-porous.

Because of its hardness and its resistance to moisture,
porcelain is most often used in bathrooms and kitchens.
Porcelain tiles are non-porous; they’re water, allergen and
bacteria resistant.
Table 3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring

Figure 7 Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring Bathroom

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1.1.2.3 General Installation Guidelines of Unglazed Porcelain Tiles

Flooring

1. Divide the area to be tiled into four even sections, using a level and pencil to
make two lines that intersect in the middle of the area. Use your square to
ensure that the lines are exactly perpendicular to each other, at 90 degrees.
2. Install your tiles with thinset mortar, spreading it with a mortar trowel over
the intersection of the two lines and setting the first four tiles at the
intersection. Space them 1/8-inch from each other, using tile spacers. Cut the
tiles to fit at the outside edges of the area with your tile cutter. Let the tiles
set overnight.
3. Brush penetrating tile sealant over the whole surface of the tiled area. Cover
the face (top surface) of each tile completely, but don't let the sealant get
into the spaces between the tiles. Let the sealant dry for an
hour, and then apply a second coat.
Let it dry

Figure 8 Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring Bathroom

overnight.
4. Apply grout to the tiles with your grout
float, squeezing it into the spaces and off the tile surface.
Wait ten minutes, and then wipe down the tile face with a damp sponge,
removing the excess grout.
5. Let the grout set for three to four days. Apply another two coats of tile
sealant over the whole tiled area, including the grout. Let the sealant dry for
a day before using the area.

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1.1.2.4 Area Proposed for Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring

Location Price(SQFT) Colour Size(MM) Brand Type

Wet Kitchen RM16 Wheat 600x300x11 Johnson Antlia
Maid’s Bath RM16 Graphite 600x300x11 Johnson Antlia
Powder Room/ Toilet RM16 Graphite 600x300x11 Johnson Antlia
Guest’s Bath RM16 Graphite 600x300x11 Johnson Antlia
Master Bath RM16 Graphite 600x300x11 Johnson Antlia
Bath 1 RM16 Graphite 600x300x11 Johnson Antlia
Bath 2 RM16 Graphite 600x300x11 Johnson Antlia
Bath 3 RM16 Graphite 600x300x11 Johnson Antlia
Table 4 Area Proposed for Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring

Figure 9 Antlia Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring Bathroom Figure 10 Antlia Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Flooring Wet Kitchen

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1.1.3 Engineered Timber Flooring

1.1.3.1 Introduction
Engineered hardwood flooring offers all the beauty of a real hardwood floor, but
adds greater stability due to its many layers. Because they’re more resistant to
higher humidity levels, engineered hardwood floors can be installed in more places
than traditional hardwood floors, like summer homes and basements. Plus, today’s
engineered hardwood flooring options are tremendous and available in a wide
variety of domestic and hardwood species.

Engineered hardwood flooring is a product made up of a core of hardwood or

plywood and a top layer of hardwood veneer. The product thus has the natural
characteristics of the selected wood species,
as opposed to a photographic layer. The
main difference between this type of wood
and laminate flooring is that laminate
flooring contains no actual wood.
Engineered flooring is produced by
adhering layers of plastic laminate veneer
with real wood. The end result is a
stunning array of options that are
gorgeous, durable and eco-friendly
because they require fewer trees to

Figure 11 Engineer Timber Flooring produce.

Under adverse conditions, solid hardwood floors can warp, cup, swell or split apart.
Engineered hardwood flooring overcomes these problems by constructing a
multiple-ply plank that counteracts twisting and remains flat and intact. This makes
engineered hardwood flooring a better choice for installation over radiant heat
sources, over concrete, and in rainy climates.

In addition to the top hardwood veneer, engineered wood flooring typically has
three or more core layers. Of course, there is greater stability with more layers. The
core layers may be plywood, high-density fiberboard, or hardwood. Some
engineered flooring has five to seven hardwood core layers.

Engineered hardwood floors range in widths from 3-7 inches wide and come in a
wide variety of domestic and exotic hardwood species. Some brands of engineered
flooring have a thin wear layer that can only be re-coated and cannot be sanded and
refinished new again once they get worn. They have an average lifespan of between
30 – 40 years depending on traffic. Other brands or styles can have a thicker 2 – 4 mil
thick wear layer that can be completely sanded and refinished 2- 5 times. The thicker
wear layer engineered floors can last from 40 – 100 years before having to be
replaced, which add to their appeal.

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1.1.3.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Engineered Timber Flooring

Advantages Disadvantages
Durability - Solid hardwood is among Limited Below Grade Installation - Solid
the longest lasting of all flooring types. hardwood not recommended for below
With today’s flooring finishes, these grade installation due to sensitive to
floors are also water resistant. humidity. These floors perform better in
humidity controlled environments.
( Below Grade - Pertaining to the location
of a finished floor that is in direct contact
with the ground or with less than 18
inches of well-ventilated space.)
Appearance - Solid hard wood floors Transitions To Other Floors - A new
give an elegant aesthetic and high end hardwood floor may be a different height
look. It improves with age because it than the floor it adjoins. Thinner profile
acquires a desirable patina over time. It wood and transition strips will help to
also offers warmth, natural look, beauty equalize the difference.
and value of wood and never goes out
of style.
Allergy Prevention - Carpets are known May Scratch - A hardwood floors finish is
as breeding grounds for mold, mildew, susceptible to scratching from traffic or
dust mites, and also hold animal pet nails.
dander. These are all undesirable
elements for people with allergies and
respiratory problems. Hardwood floors
do not retain any of these.
Suitable For Radiant Heated - Solid
Hardwood Floors are suitable for
installing over a radiant heated
concrete slab. However the slab surface
must never exceed 85 °F in
temperature. Before installing over a
radiant heated floor, turn off heat and
wait until the floor has reached room Figure 12 Engineered Timber Flooring
temperature. After installing the floor
return the heat to the previous setting.
Table 5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Engineered Timber Flooring

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1.1.3.3 Area Proposed for Engineered Timber Flooring

Location Price(SQFT) Colour Size(MM) Brand Type

Guest Room RM60 Peppercorn 900x130x11 Armstrong Hardwood Maple
Master Bedroom RM60 Peppercorn 900x130x11 Armstrong Hardwood Maple
Bedroom 2 RM60 Peppercorn 900x130x11 Armstrong Hardwood Maple
Bedroom 3 RM60 Peppercorn 900x130x11 Armstrong Hardwood Maple
Bedroom 4 RM60 Peppercorn 900x130x11 Armstrong Hardwood Maple
Family Area RM60 Peppercorn 900x130x11 Armstrong Hardwood Maple
Table 6 Area Proposed for Engineered Timber Flooring

Figure 14 Armstrong Engineered Timber Flooring

Figure 13 Armstrong Engineered Timber Flooring

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1.1.4 Ceramic Tiles Flooring

1.1.4.1 Introduction

Products that beautify your home, enhance design and décor, meet your specific
comfort, performance and budget needs, are easy to care for, and stand the test
of time. Ceramic tile has been around for centuries, and with today's technology
manufacturers have created new design and application possibilities that were
not available a decade ago. If you have never lived with ceramic tile before or if it
has been a long time since you have done so, you will be amazed at the wide
selection of colors, sizes, shapes and new textures that are now available.
Because of its durability and its resistance to moisture, ceramic flooring is most
often used in bathrooms and kitchens. However, it is extremely versatile and can
be used in almost any room in the home. A ceramic tile is natural product made
up of clay, mineral and water. It has a ceramic coating on the tile body, giving it
color and finish so it will be natural choice for your interior floors and walls

Figure 15 Ceramic Pattern Tiles Flooring

Figure 16 Ceramic Tiles Flooring

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1.1.4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Ceramic Tiles Flooring

Advantages Disadvantages
If not properly installed, ceramic floor tiles
Durability - Ceramic tile is great for
develop cracks in a few years ago tiles are
high traffic situations, thanks to its
fragile.
strength and resiliency to staining and
wear. While not extremely impact
resistant, the wear ability of tile is the
reason for its durability.

Easy Maintenance - Ceramic tiles are
virtually maintenance free and very
easy to clean. Simply sweep the floor
thoroughly with a broom and clean with
a damp mop and mild household
detergent.
Ceramic tiles are hard, and therefore feel
very stiff under their feet, especially if you
work in the kitchen for long hours. To
reduce the impact, you can get some rugs
in the intervention group areas.

Affordability – Low Price

Table 7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Ceramic Tiles Flooring

Figure 17 Ceramic Tiles Flooring Bathroom

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1.1.4.3 Installation of Ceramic Tiles Flooring

Step 1

 Choosing thinset mortar. Selecting the proper thinset mortar for your
ceramic tile installation will add strength and years of life to your new
flooring. Avoid using organic mastics adhesives to install ceramic tile to floors.
Use a gray thinset mortar if you plan to use a dark colored grout and use a
white thinset mortar if you plan to use a light colored grout.
 Skim coating the Substrate with thinset mortar. Prior to installing your tile,
skim a thin coating of thinset mortar onto the substrate using the flat end of
your thinset trowel. This will maximize the mechanical bond between the
thinset mortar bed and the floor. The tile and mortar bed should be installed
while this coating is wet.

Step 2

 Applying the thinset mortar to the tile instead of the floor will result in a
flatter and cleaner tile floor. Foundations tend to draw moisture away from
the mortar causing it to dry very quickly. Beginners will benefit from this
technique as they will have more time to work at a slower pace. In addition,
because this method of application offers 100% coverage, the risk of air
pockets becoming trapped under the tile are significantly reduced and the
grout will also have a deeper, more secure base. This technique is most
effective for tiles larger than 8" x 8" in size and is highly recommended for
most vitrified porcelain tile installations.
 Mix the thinset mortar mix with water until it has the same consistency of
peanut butter. Properly mixed, it should stick easy to the tile and hold it's
shape with little or no sagging. Using your trowel, place a softball size portion
of thinset on the center of tile. Holding the trowel at a slight angle, push
down and away from the center of tile towards each corner. Repeat this
process until all corners have been evenly skimmed with thinset.
 Mix your thinset thoroughly, removing lumps, to the consistency of peanut
butter. Properly mixed, it should stick easy to the substrate and hold it's
shape with little or no sagging.
 Holding the trowel at a slight angle, push down and away to spread the
thinset mortar. It is important that the thinset be evenly distributed with the
ridges of the mortar bed all following the same direction.
 After the tile has been installed, you will need to use a pencil or other similar
device to remove the excess thinset mortar from within the grout joints. This
will help to provide a deeper base for the grout to anchor itself in, resulting in
a stronger joint.

Step 3

 Install your tile making sure it is properly aligned with your guide lines. Push
down on tile firmly and evenly to properly seat the tile. A mallet may also be
used to tap the tile into place.

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1.1.4.4 Area Proposed For Glazed Ceramic Tiles Flooring

Location Price(SQFT) Colour Size(MM) Brand Type

Maid Room RM12 Grey 400x400x9 Johnson Neutral
Store Room RM12 Grey 400x400x9 Johnson Neutral
Table 8 Area Proposed for Ceramic Tiles Flooring

Figure 18 Johnson Ceramic Tiles Flooring

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1.2 Internal Wall Finishes

1.2.1 Ceramic Wall Tiling

1.2.1.1 Introduction

Ceramic tiles are made of porous body with a coating of white or colored Glaze.
These are used extensively in the bathrooms, kitchen in modern buildings and in
hospitals and analytical laboratories, toiletries attached to railway platforms. This is
because of this products have properties like good resistance to weather and
chemicals, having high strength, hard, glossy surface with different colors and
pleasing appearance. Ceramic wall tiles in different colours, of the same size, shape
and finishing to put together an interesting wall design. In the near future the
chances for replacing these items by other materials look very bleak. These tiles are
rather cheap, easy to clean, have more life and are available in pleasing colours.
Therefore, ceramic wall tiles are highly recommended to install.

Figure 19 Ceramic Wall Tiling

Figure 20 Ceramic Wall Tiling

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1.2.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Ceramic Wall Tiling

1 – Hygienic and Easy to Clean

Ceramic wall tile is much easier to maintain than paint, wall paper or other tile materials.
You can choose from a range of finishes such as matt, glossy or semi glossy. To keep the tiles
clean, all you need to do is wipe them from time to time. Ceramic wall tiles are also highly
resistant to abrasive chemicals and cleaners, which makes them easy to keep clean.

2 – Moisture Resistant

Because ceramic wall tile is resistant to moisture and humidity, it is ideal for damp
environments such as bathrooms and kitchens. It does not swell or deform when exposed to
high levels of moisture.

3– Fade Resistant

Even when subjected to continuous exposure to the sun, ceramic wall tiles do not fade or
lose color. The appearance of these tiles will remain the same for many long years with
minimal care.

4 – Long Lasting

Ceramic wall tiles are very durable and long lasting. They do not crack, fade or break under
pressure.

5– Odor Resistant

Unlike other materials that may absorb and hold on to odors, ceramic wall tile does not
absorb smells. It is ideal for use in kitchens.

6 – Environmentally Friendly

Ceramic wall tile is made in an environmentally friendly process. It is manufactured from

natural ingredients obtained from the earth. Unlike some types of paint that emit VOCs and
contribute to health problems, ceramic wall tile is totally free of fumes or toxins. It is
completely safe to use in your home or office.

7 – Cost Effective

The purchase and installation of ceramic wall tile may cost you more money initially.
However, if you consider the longevity, attractiveness and durability of ceramic wall tile, the
cost is worth it. Over time, ceramic wall tile proves itself to be one of the most cost effective
options available. Once you install ceramic wall tile, you do not have to worry about
repainting or redoing the wallpaper every few years.

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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

1.2.1.3 Installation of Ceramic Wall Tiling

Preparing the wall

Ceramic tiles can be installed directly on drywall, plaster, or if they are in moist areas,
onto "green" drywall or even better cement backer board. Green drywall designed
for use in bathrooms. It's as easy (or as hard) to work with as ordinary drywall, but
it's specially formulated to resist moisture. Its best use is in a kitchen or bathroom
where the environment will get moist, but not where it will actually be exposed to
water.

Installing the tile

Starting in the center, on one side of your reference line, apply a coat of tile setting
adhesive to an area about 3' by 3' square. Take care not to cover your lines .Spread
the adhesive with the smooth side of your notched trowel and then go over it with
the notched side to create ridges in the adhesive. Firmly press each tile in place and
give it a slight twisting motion to be sure it makes good contact with the adhesive. As
you work your way along, place tile spacers on all four sides of each tile, so your
grout lines will be consistent. Take your time and work on the wall in three square
foot sections. At the end of a row or around fixtures, you'll probably need to cut
some tiles. A rented ceramic tile cutter is the easiest way to make your straight cuts.
Using this tool, score the cut line on a full tile and then snap the tile along the
scribed line. Smooth the edge with 80 grit sandpaper (the edge of a cut ceramic tile
is very sharp). Cutting irregular shaped tiles or around obstructions will require using
"tile nippers." These are a heavy duty hand tool that you use to "nip" or bite off little
pieces of a tile, one at a time, until you have cut the needed shape.

Grouting

After the tiles have all been installed and the adhesive has set up (probably
overnight), it's time to grout the tiles. Depending on the width of your grout lines,
you will need to choose either sanded or unsanded grout. If the spaces between the
tiles are bigger than 1/8", use sanded grout. (Sanded grout actually contains sand
particles that help make the grout joint stronger.) Remove all your tile spacers and
mix the grout following manufacturer's directions (it should end up with a peanut
butter-like consistency). If you're grouting in a bathroom or kitchen area, be sure
your grout includes a waterproofing agent. Ask or read the manufacturer
information to be sure you get the right grout. Using a rubber float, apply the grout
at a 45-degree angle to the grout lines. Press firmly; you want to get grout all the
way down to the bottom of the seams. Work in your 3' x 3' areas to be sure you get
uniform coverage of all the grout lines. Wipe off any excess grout with a wet sponge
and clear water. After the grout has had about 30 minutes to dry, go back over
sections with a soft cloth and buff away any grout haze.

18
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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

1.2.1.4 Area Proposed for Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiling

Location Price(SQFT) Colour Size(MM) Brand Type

Master Bath RM13 White 450x150x10 Johnson Neutral
Guest Bath RM13 Black 450x150x10 Johnson Neutral
Powder Room/ Toilet RM13 White 450x150x10 Johnson Neutral
Maid Bath RM10 White 150x150x6 Johnson Prismatics
Bath 1 RM10 White + Various Colour 150x150x6 Johnson Prismatics
Bath 2 RM10 White + Various Colour 150x150x6 Johnson Prismatics
Bath 3 RM10 White + Various Colour 150x150x6 Johnson Prismatics
Table 9 Area Proposed for Ceramic Wall Tiling

Figure 22 Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiling Type Neutral (Master Bath)

Figure 21 Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiling Type Prismatics (Bath 1, 2 &3)

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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

1.2.1.5 Area Proposed for Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiling

Location Price(SQFT) Colour Size(MM) Brand Type

Wet Kitchen RM13 Teal Pinstripe + White Pinstripe 450x150x10 Johnson Vivid
Dry Kitchen RM13 White Pinstripe 450x150x10 Johnson Vivid
Table 10 Area Proposed for Ceramic Wall Tiling

Figure 23 Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiling Type Vivid (Wet Kitchen) Figure 24 Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiling Type Vivid (Dry Kitchen)

20
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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

1.2.2 Painting Wall Finishes

1.2.2.1 Introduction and Advantages of Painting Wall Finishes

Centuries ago until now, painting is the

most common finishes applied on the
wall because of its low costs and easier
to apply on the wall and available of
various colour choice.
Advantages of painting as a wall
finishes.
 Economical
 Long-Lasting
Figure 26 Painting Wall Finishes
 Protection
 Good wall paints are easy to
clean
 Good Appearance
 Short Setting Time
 Fungus Resistant
 Anti-Bacterial
 Environment Friendly
 Quality wall paints are more
durable
Figure 25 Painting Wall Finishes

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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

1.2.2.2 Painting Steps

Prepare the surface

 Clean the surface

The surface must be cleaned of mortar droppings, dirt, dust, grease and other foreign
matters such as growth of molds, algae, moss by brushing and washing. Efflorescence
deposits must be cleaned also.

 Repair the patches

Patches on painting area must be repaired by plastering followed by application of a coat of
waterproofing cement paint on patches after wetting the surface completely.

 Clean existing paint/whitewash

Clean old/existing surface, previously treated with whitewash and color wash thoroughly by
scrapping all whitewash, color wash when water proofing cements paint is required to apply
on existing surfaces.

Do mixing thoroughly

 Step1: Mix cement paint and water in proper ratio

Take 2 parts of cement paint and one part of water and stir thoroughly. Take care to add
cement paint gradually to the water and not vice versa.

 Step 2: Add remaining water

Add remaining one part of water to the mixture

 Step 3: Shake the solution

Stir the solution thoroughly to obtain uniform finish.

Apply first coat of cement paint

 Apply the solution

Apply prepared solution with brushes or spray machine after cleaning and wetting cement
or concrete surface. Hake the solution during application and use it within one hour after
mixing otherwise it would be thicken and affect the finish.

 Getting good finish

Take care that the thickness of paint is uniform. Brush out the laps well and dampen the
surface after day’s work.

 Apply second coat of cement paint

After the first coat is set at least for 24 hours, apply second coat by repeating application
process of the first coat.

Do proper curing

 Since hardening of paint film depends on the availability of moisture for chemical
reaction with cement, the water should be sprinkled on painted surface at least for two
days.

22
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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

1.2.2.3 Area Proposed for Painting Wall Finishes

Location Price (SQFT) Colour Brand Type
Living RM2 White Nippon Odour-less Premium All-in-1 ( undercoat + 2 premium coat)
Hall Way 1 & 2 RM2 White Nippon Odour-less Premium All-in-1 ( undercoat + 2 premium coat)
Dinning RM2 White Nippon Odour-less Premium All-in-1 ( undercoat + 2 premium coat)
Maid’s Room RM2 White Nippon Odour-less Premium All-in-1 ( undercoat + 2 premium coat)
Guest Room RM2 White Nippon Odour-less Premium All-in-1 ( undercoat + 2 premium coat)
Store RM2 White Nippon Odour-less Premium All-in-1 ( undercoat + 2 premium coat)
Family Area RM4 Reflection Nippon Momento Sparkle Silver (1 Terrace Stone coat + 1 Creek Sand coat)
Master Bedroom RM4 Reflection Nippon Momento Sparkle Silver (1 Terrace Stone coat + 1 Creek Sand coat)
Bedroom 1 RM4 Reflection Nippon Momento Sparkle Silver (1 Terrace Stone coat + 1 Creek Sand coat)
Bedroom 2 RM4 Reflection Nippon Momento Sparkle Silver (1 Terrace Stone coat + 1 Creek Sand coat)
Bedroom 3 RM4 Reflection Nippon Momento Sparkle Silver (1 Terrace Stone coat + 1 Creek Sand coat)
Table 11 Area Proposed for Painting Wall

Figure 28 Nippon Momento Sparkle Silver Painting Wall Finishes

Figure 27 Nippon White Colour Painting Wall Finishes

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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

1.3 Internal Ceiling Finishes

1.3.1 Gypsum Board Ceiling with Painting

1.3.1.1 Introduction

Gypsum board is widely used for internal walls and ceilings by the construction industry, and
is a material of growing importance in the do-it-yourself sector. It is manufactured by
calcining gypsum into a plaster, making slurry from the plaster, and passing the slurry
through machines which shape, set, and cut into a board. The addition of Boric Acid to the
slurry yields significant improvements in product performance, user convenience, and
process efficiency. In gypsum board manufacture, Boric Acid is used to increase the strength
of the board, to reduce the board weight by about 10%, to provide better adhesion of the
paper backing to the board, to reduce the curing time of gypsum board, to prevent wrinkle
formation on the surface of the board, to create a hard gypsum edge that withstands nailing
and handling and to enhance fire retardancy.

Figure 29 Modern Gypsum Board Ceiling

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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

1.3.1.2 Advantages of Gypsum Board Ceiling

 Ease of installation
Gypsum board building systems are easy to install for several reasons. Gypsum
board panels are relatively large compared to other materials. They come in 48-
and 54-inch wide sheets and in lengths of 8, 10, or 12 feet, so they quickly cover
large wall and ceiling areas. Gypsum board assemblies require only a few tools
for their construction. Gypsum board can be cut with either a utility knife or a
variety of saws, and it can be attached with a variety of fasteners, including
screws, nails, and staples. It can also be adhesively attached to many substrates.
Gypsum board is a lightweight material. Two workers can easily handle most
panels and cover large areas in very short time periods. Gypsum board is easily
finished using either a few hand tools or relatively modest machines. Gypsum
board installers can quickly learn most application techniques in a few hours.

 Fire resistance
Gypsum board is an excellent fire-resistive building material. In North America, it
is the most commonly used interior finish where fire resistance classifications
are required. Its noncombustible core contains nearly 21% chemically combined
water, as described earlier, which, under high heat, is slowly released as steam.
When installed in combination with other materials in laboratory-tested wall
and ceiling assemblies, gypsum board serves to effectively protect building
elements from fire for prescribed time periods.

 Sound isolation
Preventing the transfer of unwanted sound to adjoining areas is a key
consideration when designing a building, specifically when taking into account
the intended activities of the occupants in the various parts of the building. For
example, a building containing office spaces adjacent to manufacturing facilities
requires more noise-reducing features than are typically necessary in a building
that has only office space in it. Gypsum board wall and ceilings systems
effectively help control sound transmission.

 Durability
Gypsum board is used to construct strong, high quality walls and ceilings that offer
excellent dimensional stability and durability. Surfaces created using gypsum board are
easily decorated and refinished.

 Versatility
Gypsum board satisfies a wide range of architectural requirements for design.
Ease of application, performance, ease of repair, availability, and its adaptability
to all forms of decoration combine to make gypsum board unmatched by any
other surfacing product.

25
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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

1.3.1.3 Installation of Gypsum Board Ceiling

1. Measure the ceiling starting the one end along a wall perpendicular to the joists. Find
the joist that's closest to being 8 feet from the wall, without being further than that.
Measure from the middle of the joist to the wall.

2. Use your razor knife to score and snap a piece of gypsum board at that length,
running the blade alongside your t-square to keep it straight.

3. Set up two ladders, one by the starting wall, the other under the joists to which you
measured. With an assistant, hold the gypsum board up to the ceiling, with the cut
end facing the wall and the uncut end lining up with the middle of the joist.

4. Shoot drywall screws ever six inches or so along the edge of the board where it is
under the joist. Do the same for the rest of the joists above the board. (You will be
able to judge the positions of the joists behind the board based on where they come
out from the side of it.) Make sure to completely sink the screw heads below the
surface

5. Hang the rest of the boards in the same manner, positioning them end to end, in
courses, always meeting at the joists. Stagger the positions of the board between
courses, so there are no four-way intersections.

6. Presses mesh drywalling tape over all the seams between the boards. Use your
drywall knife to spread joint compound over the tape, making a smooth line about 4
inches wide. Also spread a little compound over the sunken screw holes. Let it dry for
about 4 hours.

7. Sand the seams and screw holes by hand to smooth out the dried joint compound.
Apply another layer of joint compound over the first along the seams, making the
seams a little wider. Let it dry, sand it, and apply a third, very thin final coat. Sand it
lightly and paint.

Figure 30 Modern Gypsum Board Ceiling

26
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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

1.3.1.4 Area Proposed for Gypsum Ceiling Board

Location Price (SQFT) Color Size(mm) Brand

Living Room RM 8 White 2000x1200x10 Dryco
Hallway 1 & 2 RM 8 White 2000x1200x10 Dryco
Dining RM 8 White 2000x1200x10 Dryco
Dry Kitchen RM 8 White 2000x1200x10 Dryco
Wet Kitchen RM 8 White 2000x1200x10 Dryco
Maid’s Room RM 8 White 2000x1200x10 Dryco
Guest Room RM 8 White 2000x1200x10 Dryco
Store RM 8 White 2000x1200x10 Dryco
Master Bedroom RM 8 White 2000x1200x10 Dryco
Bedroom 2 RM 8 White 2000x1200x10 Dryco
Bedroom 3 RM 8 White 2000x1200x10 Dryco
Bedroom 4 RM 8 White 2000x1200x10 Dryco
Family Area RM 8 White 2000x1200x10 Dryco
Table 12 Area Proposed For Gypsum Ceiling Board

27
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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

1.3.2 Ceiling Tiles

1.3.2.1 Introduction

Ceiling tiles are lightweight tiles used in the interior of buildings. They are placed in
an aluminum grid and they provide little thermal insulation but are generally
designed to improve the acoustics of a room. Mineral fibre tiles are fabricated from a
range of products; wet felt tiles can be manufactured from perlite, mineral wool, and
fibers from recycled paper, stone wool tiles are created by combining molten stone
and binders which is then spun to create the tile, or gypsum tiles which are based on
the soft mineral and then finished with vinyl, paper or a decorative face. Ceiling tiles
very often have patterns on the front face; these are there in most circumstances to
aid with the tiles ability to improve acoustics.

1.3.2.2 Advantages of Ceiling tiles

 100% Waterproofs
 Washable
 Will Never Sag (due to humidity)
 Mold, Bacteria and Mildew Resistant
 Impact Damage Resistant
 Will not Rot, Peel or Flake
 Flame Retardant
 Fire Rated: Class A Flame Spread & Smoke Index
 Fiberglass, Asbestos & Lead Free
 USDA, FDA, Health Dept & CFIA Compliant
 UV- Resistant
 Commercial
 Recyclable

28
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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

1.3.2.3 Area Proposed for Ceiling Tiles

Location Price(SQFT) Colour Size(MM) Brand Type

Master Bath RM13 White 300x300x12 Armstrong Washable
Guest Bath RM13 White 300x300x12 Armstrong Washable
Maid Bath RM13 White 300x300x12 Armstrong Washable
Bath 1 RM13 White 300x300x12 Armstrong Washable
Bath 2 RM13 White 300x300x12 Armstrong Washable
Bath 3 RM13 White 300x300x12 Armstrong Washable
Table 13 Area Proposed for Ceiling Tiles

Figure 31 Washable Ceiling Tiles

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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

2 Proposed Building Material/Products

2.1 Internal Floor Finishes (Ground Floor)

Location Types of Floor Finishes Justification

Living Room Marble Tiles Flooring Grand and Gorgeous, High Moisture Resistance, Durable, Bacteria
Hall Way 1 & 2 Resistance, Allergen Resistance
Dining Room
Dry Kitchen
Wet Kitchen Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Anti-Slip, Easy to Clean, High Moisture Resistance, Low Maintenance,
Maid Bath Durable
Guest Bath
Powder Room/ Toilet
Guest Room Engineer Timber Flooring Durable, Good Appearances, Suitable For Radiant Heated, Allergy
Prevention, Easy to Clean
Maid Room Ceramic Tiles Easy to Maintenance, Durable, Affordable, Good Appearances, Moisture
Store Resistance
Table 14 Internal Floor Finishes (Ground Floor)

30
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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

2.2 Internal Floor Finishes (First Floor)

Location Types of Floor Finishes Justification

Family Area Engineered Timber Flooring Durable, Good Appearances, Suitable For Radiant Heated,
Master Bedroom Allergy Prevention, Easy to Clean
Bedroom 2
Bedroom 3
Bedroom 4
Master Bath Unglazed Porcelain Tiles Anti-Slip, Easy to Clean, High Moisture Resistance, Low
Bath 1 Maintenance, Durable
Bath 2
Bath 3
Table 15 Internal Floor Finishes (First Floor)

31
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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

2.3 Internal Wall Finishes (Ground Floor)

Location Types of Wall Finishes Justification

Living Room Nippon Painting Good Appearances, Anti-Fungus, Anti-Bacterial, Environment Friendly
Hall Way 1 & 2
Dining Room
Maid Room
Guest Room
Store
Wet Kitchen Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiles Easy to Maintenance, Durable, Affordable, Good Appearances, Moisture
Dry Kitchen Resistance
Maid Bath
Guest Bath
Powder Room/ Toilet
Table 16 Internal Wall Finishes (Ground Floor)

32
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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

2.4 Internal Wall Finishes (First Floor)

Location Types of Wall Finishes Justification

Family Area Nippon Painting Good Appearances, Anti-Fungus, Anti-Bacterial, Environment
Master Bedroom Friendly
Bedroom 2
Bedroom 3
Bedroom 4
Master Bath Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiles Easy to Maintenance, Durable, Affordable, Good Appearances,
Bath 1 Moisture Resistance
Bath 2
Bath 3
Table 17 Internal Wall Finishes (First Floor)

33
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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

2.5 Internal Ceiling Finishes (Ground Floor)

Location Types of Ceiling Finishes Justification

Living Room Gypsum Board Ceiling with Painting Good Appearances, Durable, Fire Resistance, Sound Insulation
Hallway 1 & 2
Dining
Dry Kitchen
Wet Kitchen
Maid’s Room
Guest Room
Store
Guest Bath Washable Ceiling Tiles Waterproof, Durable, Easy to Clean
Maid Bath
Powder Room/
Toilet
Table 18 Internal Ceiling Finishes (Ground Floor)

34
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PROPOSAL OF BUILDING MATERIALS/ PRODUCTS
22, 2012

2.6 Internal Ceiling Finishes (First Floor)

Location Types of Ceiling Finishes Justification

Family Area Gypsum Board Ceiling with Painting Good Appearances, Durable, Fire Resistance, Sound Insulation
Master Bedroom
Bedroom 2
Bedroom 3
Bedroom 4
Master Bath Washable Ceiling Tiles Waterproof, Durable, Easy to Clean
Bath 1
Bath 2
Bath 3
Table 19 Internal Ceiling Finishes (First Floor)

35