Dissertation

VRP = Voice range profile

Mix

Mix = intermediate vocal setting. Antictipation of things to come. Reduce audible impact between
registers – chest, head voice, falsetto.

Speech quality all the way up and down,

Voice = physical instrument, must be compared to violin or piano etc, but voices limits are less
consistent than that of an instrument

Phonation = laryngeal component of speech. Change of position, tension and mass of the vocal
cords.

Vowels?

Different voice types – soprano, alto, lyric soprano, soubrette, zwischenfach, mezzo soprano, light
mezzo, colotora, dramatic mezzo

Subglottal pressure

Speech
Phonation, the laryngeal component of speech, requires a
combination of changes in position, tension and mass of the vocal
folds (cords). Rotation of the arytenoid cartilages by the posterior
cricoarytenoid muscles opens the vocal folds, while contraction of
the lateral cricoarytenoid and oblique arytenoid muscles opposes
this. With the vocal folds almost closed, the respiratory muscles
generate a positive pressure of 5 to 35 cmH2O which may then be
released by slight opening of the vocal folds to produce sound
waves. The cricothyroid muscle tilts the cricoid and arytenoid
cartilages backwards and also moves them posteriorly in relation to
the thyroid cartilage. This produces up to 50% elongation and
therefore tensioning of the vocal folds, an action opposed by the
thyroarytenoid muscles, which draw the arytenoid cartilages
forwards towards the thyroid shortening and relaxing the vocal
folds. Tensioning of the folds results in both transverse and
longitudinal resonance of the vocal fold allowing the formation of
complex sound waves. The deeper fibres of the thyroarytenoids
comprise the vocales muscles, which exert fine control over pitch of
the voice by slight variations in both the tension and mass of the
vocal folds. A more dramatic example of the effect of vocal fold
mass on voice production occurs with inflammation of the laryngeal
mucosa and the resulting hoarse voice or complete inability to
phonate.

Apoggio technique

Larynx goes up whilst swallowing. It can also be used to reach higher pitches as it stiffens the vocal
cords/ A lower vertical position of the larynx is more desirable and pitch
change should be achieved by using the intrinsic cricothyroid muscle (Fig.
7.5.1A) to tilt the thyroid over the cricoid(Iwarsson & Sundberg 1998)

To reach higher pitches the thyroid tilts more forward over the cricoid to
lengthen the vocal folds (Fig. 7.5.5). This tilt is restricted if the tissues
surrounding the larynx are tight, or if the neck position is altered.
Loud audible gasps of air indicate overuse of the accessory muscles and
some narrowing of the vocal tract during inspiration. Overuse of chest,
shoulders and neck muscles prevents good diaphragmatic excursion and
reduces thoracic expansion.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702049804000198

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892199713001070

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