GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

CONTENTS

Chapter Title Pages

Photosynthesis 2 -19

Reproduction in flowering plants 20 -29

Adapting to a habitat 30 - 38

Ecosystems 39 - 50

Human influence on environment 51 -60

Classification and variation 61-71

1
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

1. Construct the word & chemical equation for photosynthesis with the following given in brackets.

[ CO2 Oxygen Water C6H12O6 O2 Carbondioxide H2O Glucose ]

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

2. In which way does plants obtain the raw materials required for photosynthesis?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
3. The venn diagram below shows three colours blue, green and red. White light is produced when all the three

colours mix together. Leaves appear green because they reflect green colour.

Joseph uses all the three colour filters to check the rate of photosynthesis and he got the following results.

Filter Used Time taken for O2 bubbles to rise (minutes)

Blue 4

Green 40

Red 10

i. In which colour light filters was the rate of photosynthesis higher?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

3
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

ii. What was the result when green filter was used. Suggest a possible reason to justify your answer?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

4. What happens to glucose as soon as it is formed in leaves?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

5. Given below is some structures related to photosynthesis. How is each structure related to photosynthesis and
related to each other. Give an explanation?

4
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
___________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

6. Label all the parts of the following diagram

5
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

i. Which are the two layers in the leaf where photosynthesis takes place?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

ii. What is the reason for photosynthesis to occur only in these two layers?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

iii. How are the two layers different from each other?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

7. Which food category does starch belong to. What are the elements that constitute starch?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

6
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
8. Given below is some apparatus and materials which can be used for experiment. Assemble this with the help

of a diagram to create an experimental apparatus. Label it.

7
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

i. Which experiment is conducted using the above experimental apparatus?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

ii. What is the purpose of keeping the plant in darkness before conducting the experiment?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

iii. Why does the leaf appear colourless after removing it from the testtube?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

iv. Which chemical is used for boiling the leaf ? Why is it necessary to boil the leaf in this chemical?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

8
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
v. Which chemical is added to the leaf at the end of the experiment? What changes do you observe when the

chemical is added? What is the reason for the changes you observe?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

vi. What precautions need to be taken while conducting the experiment?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

9
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

9. Mention the different steps of the experiment through a flow chart.

10
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
10. During the process of photosynthesis which are the gases that enters and leaves the cell?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

11. What is the role of carbon dioxide in starch production?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

12. Why is it important to destarch a plant before conducting the experiment for importance of CO2 for photo-

synthesis?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

13. Given below is an image showing test for CO2

Jar 1 Jar 2

11
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

i. Name the chemical that is used in the second bell jar?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

ii. What is the purpose of keeping soda lime and chemical 2 in both the bell jars?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

iii. Leaf from jar 1 and jar 2 was taken and starch test was conducted using both. Which leaf do you think

showed the presence of starch? Justify your answer?

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

12
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
iv. What is the colour change you notice when iodine solution is added to the leaf ?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

14. Given below is an investigation.

Black paper

Potted plant

i. What investigation is being done?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

ii. Why black paper or aluminium foil is used to cover the leaf ?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

13
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

iii. When the leaf is subjected to starch test what changes do you observe? Justify your answer?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

15. A variegated plant (a plant having leaves with white patches on it ) was taken and

kept in darkness to remove the starch and it was again placed in sunlight for few hours. A leaf from this plant

was taken and starch test was conducted with it. What is the result you obtain at the end of the experiment.

Justify your answer?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

14
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

16. List A includes the names of scientists and list B includes the work they have done.

Draw a line to connect scientist from list A to the work they have done in list B.

Van Helmont Portion of air helped plant to survive

Stephen Hales Oxygen is evolved during the process of

photosynthesis

Jan Ingenhousz Willow tree experiment

Joseph Priestley Carbon dioxide is taken up by plants during

the process of photosynthesis

15
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

17. Write the aim, materials required & procedure for the experiment conducted to prove that oxygen is evolved

during the process of photosynthesis?

16
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
18. Label the parts of the given apparatus.

19. Suggest changes that can be done in the above experiment to get fair results?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

20. Suggest two methods by which it can be proved that the gas evolved and collecting in the test tube is oxy-

gen?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

17
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

19. How should be the pondweed placed in the beaker. Why?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

20. Why has the leaves of the plants in the given picture turned yellow in colour?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

21. Make a table showing the mineral elements that are required by the plants for their growth ,its uses and the

deficiency symptons due to lack of the minerals.

18
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
22. Why is the process of photosynthesis important for the existence of human life?

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

REFLECTION

1) What I found hardest in this chapter?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2) What I found the easiest /interesting in this chapter?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

19
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

2. Reproduction In Flowering Plants

1. Starting from the outermost name the different parts of the flower?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

2. Why is the outermost whorl or part so important for the flower ?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

3. Where in the flower are the gametes present?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

4. Do all flowers contain male and female gametes? Justify your answer?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

20
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
5. Why must a flower be formed before the fruit is formed?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

6. Complete the following map.

Flower

Non Reproductive parts

Sepal

Filament

Stamen

Style

Egg

21
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

7. Why are flowers brightly coloured?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

8. Some flowers have rotten smell and are not brightly coloured as well. How does this characteristics help the

plant for reproduction?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

9. In some flowers the stigma matures before stamen and in some vice versa. What is the advantage of the

reproductive parts getting matured at different times?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

22
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

10. Match the parts of the flowers given in the brackets with the respective pictures. Mention how each part is

useful for the plant.

( Calyx, Style, Anther, Ovary, Stigma, petals )

C
B D

A
E

___________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

23
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

11. Label the different parts of a flower.

12. Identify the type of flowers given in the diagram below.

B
A

24
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

13. Differentiate between the two types of flowers given in the above diagram

14. John saw some honeybees carrying yellow coloured substance on the foot which it was unknowingly depos-

iting on flowers while feeding on nectar. There is a process happening here which is important for plants. Name

the process? How is it important for plants?

25
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

15. Identify the type of process happening in the picture A and B.Write the answer in the box

26
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
16. Differentiate between the two types of pollination?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

17. How is cross pollination beneficial ?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

18. What is the peculiarity of wind pollinated pollen grain and insect pollinated pollen grain? How does it help

in pollination?

27
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

19. What would happen if bees are completely eliminated from the face of the earth? What can you do to

prevent this?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

20. Identify the process shown in the diagram given below and label the parts.

28
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
21. What are the changes that occur in the ovary & ovule after the process ?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

22. Mention the different ways by which the seeds given below are dispersed?

A B C

A B C

23. Why is the process of reproduction important?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

29
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

REFLECTION

1) What I found hardest in this chapter?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2) What I found the easiest /interesting in this chapter?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

30
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

3. Adapting To a Habitat

1. Given below is a picture of hawk. Mention two structural adaptations of this organism and how does it help

it?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

31
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

2. Which are the different types of adaptations? Give examples for each?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

3. How is camel adapted to the intense desertic conditions?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

32
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
4. How are the adaptive features of the organisms given below different from each other. Justify your answer?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

5. In the pictures given below the organisms show special type of adaptive mechanism. Name the mechanism?

How does it help the organisms?

33
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Match the organisms with their respective adaptive features and the functions they perform. Use different

colours

Ducks Soft Hooves Good grip on

mountains

Mountain goat Wide Feet Prevent sinking

Ape Webbed Feet Helps in swimmimg

Polar Bear Opposable Thumb Hold branches

7. Suggest few adaptations that would help the prey to escape from its predators. Give examples for each?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

34
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8. In what way does streamlined body help the organisms? Give example?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

9. Suggest some adaptations of the organisms given below which makes them a good predator.

A B C

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

35
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

10. Ptarmigan is a bird that has brown feathers in summer and white in winter. How does this colour change

help the organisms to survive? What kind of adaptation is colour change?

Ptarmigan in winter Ptarmigan in summer

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

36
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
11. How are mangroves adapted to survive in swampy habitats?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

12. The picture below shows stone plant which has swollen leaves and is found in African deserts. How is

the plant adapted to survive in hot desertic conditions?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

37
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

13. In what ways does adaptations help an organism to survive and maintain its existence?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

14. The following are the adaptations found in animals. Give the function of each

adaptation and name the animal.

1. Adaptation: Fur turns white during the cold snowy

winter months

Function: _____________________________________

_____________________________________________

Animal: ______________________________________

2. Adaptation: Produces very little sweat and urine and stores fat in the back.

Function: _____________________________________

_____________________________________________

Animal: ______________________________________

3. Adaptation: Layer of fat or blubber around their body and streamlined body.

Function: _____________________________________

_____________________________________________

38
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
Animal: ______________________________________

4. Adaptation: Stone like two leaves and stores water.

Function: _____________________________________

_____________________________________________

Animal: ______________________________________

5. . Adaptation: Padded feet and white thick fur.

Function: _____________________________________

_____________________________________________

Animal: ______________________________________

REFLECTION

1) What I found hardest in this chapter?

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2) What I found the easiest /interesting in this chapter?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

39
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

1. Find the pair. Use colours or numbers.

An animal that
eats other
animals Ecosystem
Herbivore

An animal that An organism

An animal that
is eaten up by a that produces
eats both plants
predator food
and animals

Prey An animal that Community

eats only plants

Carnivore
Omnivore Producer

All the plants , Community of living

animals & things and abiotic
microorganism that factors
live in an habitat

40
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

2. Fill in the empty boxes with the appropriate words and definitions.

are
Ecosystem

It includes

It consists of

Biotic (Living)

Soil,__________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________

41
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

2. Given below are various number of food chains with varying lengths. Fill in the blanks with organism and

make sure that the organisms are not repeated in each food chain.

Decomposer

Decomposer

Decomposer

Decomposer

3. Arrange the following category of organisms in the order which they appear in the food chain.

( Decomposers, tertiary consumers, producers, primary consumers, quaternary consumers,

secondary consumers )

42
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

4. Given below is the food chain found in pond biome. Answer the following questions based on the food

chain.

Sunlight Green Algae Tiger mosquito Flame skimmer dragonfly

long legged horn frog Decomposers

a) Which organism is the top carnivore?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

b) Which organism produces food for the entire food chain?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) Which is the source of energy for the organism to prepare food?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

43
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

d) Which among the following organism stands in the third trophic level?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

e) Why are decomposers an important part of all the food chains?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

5. Given below is the food web.

44
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
a) List out all the food chains from the given food web?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

b) Name the organism that is primary consumer as well as secondary consumer?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) Name the organisms that are the top carnivores in the above food web?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

6. Given below is a simple food web.

45
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

a) What would happen if all the insects are removed from the food web?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

b) Name the organism in the food web which is secondary as well as tertiary consumer?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

7. List out a food chain from the above food web and describe how energy passes along the food chain?

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

8. List out a food chain from the above food web and draw a pyramid of number, pyramid of biomass &

pyramid of energy for the following food chain?

Food Chain

46
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
Draw the pyramids in the space provided with proper labeling

47
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

9. As you move up along the food chain what are the changes you notice when related to flow of energy and the

number of organisms?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

10. On an oak tree there are many caterpillars which feed on them. Blue tits feed upon the caterpillars. Spar-

row hawk are the natural predators of blue tits. Considering the oak tree as an ecosystem draw the pyramid of

number?

11. What would happen if the population of the blue tits falls down or if the species dies and becomes extinct?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

48
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
12. Fill in the boxes to show whether the energy goes high or low up the pyramid and the population increas-

es or decreases up the pyramid. Fill in the pyramid with the respective trophic level

Energy Population

113. Picture A shows crowded population of birds, B shows pigs which died due to disease & C shows

Death of fishes due to polluted environment.

A B C

49
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

a) Suggest three ways by which the population of animal species gets reduced?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

14. The deer population tends to increase in years with mild winters, early spring green-up, abundant winter

forage, low wolf numbers and low levels of tick infestation. Disease has also influenced the wolf population.

Between 1977 and 1980, the wolf population declined from 28 to 18, due to canine parvovirus.

a) When was the population of deer the highest and how much? What was the population of deer at that time?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

b) What would happen to the wolf population if the population of the deer is removed?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
50
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
c) Identify a factor, other than deer population, that has influenced the wolf population?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

REFLECTION

1) What I found hardest in this chapter?

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2) What I found the easiest /interesting in this chapter?

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

51
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

5. Human Influence on Environment

1. Fill the boxes with correct words or phrases from the brackets.

( Burning coal, pesticides, heavy metals, weed killers, sulfur dioxide, harmful gases, tiny particles, burning gaso-

line, natural gas and oil, PCB’s)

Pollution

52
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
2. Identify the type of activity happening in each picture?

53
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

3. Think about a problem which has caused drastic effects in the area where you are living due to human activity;

for eg: air pollution.

My topic is: _________________________________________________________

Description of topic

Causes

54
GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

What might happen if the problem is ignored?

Impact: What problem is it causing/ What is being done/can be done to

could it cause? help minimize the problem?

55
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

3. Read the information given in the boxes and answer the questions.

The burning of fossil fuels and the extraction of metals from mines release huge

amounts of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere and this has been going on from

thousands of years. Even burning of fuels in vehicles release oxides of nitrogen.

Both the sources contributing to the release of huge amount of acidic gases into the

atmosphere.

i. Mention the sources that release acidic gases into the atmosphere?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

ii. Name the pollutant released into the atmosphere?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

iii. Identify the phenomenon shown in the picture below and write in the space provided.

56
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
4. Identify the adverse effects of this phenomenon from the pictures and list it out in the space provided.

5. Support with your explanation how organic farming is better than intensive farming?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

57
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

6. Prepare two posters to promote organic farming and discourage intensive farming?

58
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
7. Identify the process given in the picture below.

What is the cause for this phenomenon?

How would it affect the water bodies?

8. The pictures below shows the effects of heating up of earth’s suface.

The heating up of earth’s surface is called ____________________________________

i. How does it happen?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

59
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

ii. List out some more effects of this process?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

iii. What can be done to prevent this?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

9. Is biological control of pests more effective than application of pesticides and insecticides? Justify your an-

swer?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

60
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
10. Make a poster on saving the environment.

REFLECTION

1) What I found hardest in this chapter?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2) What I found the easiest /interesting in this chapter?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

61
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

Classification and Variation

1. Classify the following variations as either (i) caused entirely by genetic effects or

(ii) caused by a combination of genetic and environmental effects.

( obesity, eye colour, tallness, ability to sing, maleness, lobed ears, blood group, weight)

Genetic Genetic & environmental

62
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
2. Complete the flow chart.

Organisms

63
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

3. Given below are some alien creatures. Make a dichotomous/ number key to classify these organisms.

64
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
4. Given below is the diagram showing fertilization. Diagramatically represent the changes that occur during

the formation of identical twins in the box provided. Refer the diagram for help.

65
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

5. Identical twins are similar in most features but non identical twins differ from each other. With the help of

the diagram explain what is the reason for this?

6. John & Joseph are identical twins. They have the same blood group but they differ in skin colour, weight,

height etc. What do you think is the reason for this? Justify your answer?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

__

66
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
7. Given below is the male and female gametes from male and females sex cells. The male body contains two

sex chromosomes X & Y and the female body contains Two sex chromosomes X & X. Half of the sperms will

contain X chromosome and the other half Y. All the egg will contain only X chromosomes. Show the fusion in

the boxes and determine whether the child born is a boy or a girl within the boxes.

X Male Y

Female

8. Gregor Mendel crossed two pea plants. He crossed a tall pea plant with a dwarf pea plant . Work out the

crossing to show the results for F1 And F2 generation.

67
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

9. What observations can you make out from the above crossing?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

10. Humans belong to the same species and have one scientific name Homo sapiens. How do they look dif-

ferent from each other?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

68
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
11. Selective breeding is a process by which we can produce organisms of desirable characters. List out the

steps involved in selective breeding?

12. How would you create a small black cat with big ears through selective breeding?

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

69
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

13. Identify the process shown in the diagram below? Write the answer in the box provided

Carrot DNA Rice DNA

+ +

Golden rice

70
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
14. Where in the structure given below is the DNA present?

15. Which class does the two organism given below belong to?

A B

16. Name the phylum to which the above organisms belong to?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

17. Why is classification important?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

71
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

18. The scientific names of two wheat varieties are given below:

Triticum aestivum & Triticum monococcum

a) Why is the second name for both the wheat varieties different?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

b) Why do they share the same first name?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) Why do species need scientific names?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

d) What are the rules that need to be followed while naming an organism?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

72
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................
REFLECTION

1) What I found hardest in this chapter?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2) What I found the easiest /interesting in this chapter?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

73
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

References

#40 Photosynthesis investigations – chlorophyll, CO2, light tests | Biology Notes for IGCSE 2014. (n.d.). Re-

trieved from http://igbiologyy.blogspot.in/2012/12/photosynthesis-investigations.html. 30.Jan. 2015

Charles Darwin gets 4,000 votes in US election - US Election 2012 - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Cor-

poration). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-11-10/charles-darwin-gets-4000-votes-in-

us-election/4364602. 2. Feb.2015

Deer: Predation or Starvation. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/predator_

prey_graphing_key.html

exchange. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.mrothery.co.uk/exchange/exchange.htm. 22. Feb 2015

Insects Could Help Find Disaster Survivors - Science News - redOrbit. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.

redorbit.com/news/science/1112446058/insects-could-help-find-disaster-survivors/ 1. Mar. 2015

Photos from the Farm | Northern Nevada Hispanic Marketing Initiative – NNHMI. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://comidalocal.org/gallery/farms/ 5.Mar. 2015

Radioactive Pollution - GGY230F10 - Lipscomb - Confluence. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://confluence.fur-

man.edu:8443/display/GGY230F10/Radioactive+Pollution 5. Mar. 2015

Smoking - effects on your body | Better Health Channel. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.

au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Smoking_effects_on_your_body5. Mar. 2015

"Greenery at the Bottom Desktop Wallpaper, Pictures Greenery at the Bottom, Photos Greenery at the Bottom,

Photo Greenery at the Bottom Free Download

74
GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

NOTES

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

75
 GRADE 8 - IGCSE - BIOLOGY Date : .........................................

NOTES

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
76