Government College of Engineering, Amravati

(An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)

"Towards Global Technological Excellence"

SEMINAR REPORT ON

“GI-FI”

BY

PRANAV LADOLE

(ID-16004023)

Department of Electronics And telecommunication

2019-2020
 GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, AMRAVATI
(An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr Pranav R. Ladole has delivered a

seminar on GI-FI and submitted the seminar report as a partial
fulfillment for the award of degree of bachelor of technology in
Electronics and Telecommunication during the academic year
2019-20.

Surpervisor Head of Department

Acknowledgement

The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and assistance from
many people and I am extremely privileged to have got this all along the completion of my
project. All that I have done is only due to such supervision and assistance and I would not forget
to thank them.

I respect and thank Prof. Mrs.S.S.Thorat for providing me guidance which made me complete
the project duly. I am extremely thankful to him for providing such a nice support and guidance,
although he had busy schedule managing the corporate affairs.

.
1. INTRODUCTION

IN 2008 researchers at the University of Melbourne demonstrated a on a single integrated circuit

(chip) that operated at 60 GHz. Gigabit Wireless is the world’s first transceiver integrated on a
single chip in which a small antenna is used and both transmitter, receiver are integrated on a
single chip. Researchers chose the 57–64 GHz frequency band the millimeter-wave range of the
spectrum allowed high component on-chip integration as well as the integration of very small
high gain arrays.
The available 7 GHz spectrum results in very high data rates, up to 5 gigabits per second
to users within an indoor environment, usually within a range of 10 meters. Wireless technology
consists of a base station; this is the central location that collects all traffic to and from
subscribers within a cell.
The indoor base station equipment consists of channel groups. The size of the Gi-fi chip
is 5×5 millimeter and can be placed in different devices such as mobile phones, computers. The
most striking feature about this new technology is its cost effectiveness and power consumption,
it consumes approximately 2 milli watts of power and the manufacturing cost development of
Gi-fi chip is very less.

In recent years, the technology has changed a-lot from wired connection to wireless
connection. Weather it is wired connection of optical fibers or wireless connection of Bluetooth
and Wi-Fi, the need for better bandwidth and data rates never ends. As still we used Wi-Fi for
better data exchange rates and ranges having good network coverage but the needs always
look-up for better. This need lets to the new technology that is more up-to-date and has
standard data exchange rates named as Gi-Fi.

2. History

2.1 Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances
(using short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the ISM band from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz from fixed
and mobile devices, and building personal area networks (PANs). Invented by telecom vendor
Ericsson in 1994, it was originally conceived as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. A
master BR/EDR Bluetooth device can communicate with a maximum of seven devices in a
picante, but all the devices don't reach this maximum. The devices can switch roles, by
agreement, and the slave can become the master.
2.2 WI-FI

WI-FI is a technology for wireless local area networking with devices based on the IEEE
802.11 standards. It commonly uses 2.4GHz and 5GHz SHF ISM radio bands. Wi-Fi compatible
devices can connect to the Internet via a WLAN and a wireless access point. Such an access
point (or hotspot) has a range of about 20 meters. Many devices can use Wi-Fi, e.g. personal
computers, videogame consoles, smartphones, digital cameras and tablet computers.
These can connect to a network resource such as the internet via a wireless network
access point. It usually has a data transfer rate of 11mbps.To connect to a Wi-Fi LAN.

Computer has to be equipped with a wireless network interface controller. The

combination of computer and interface controller is called a station. For all stations that share a
single radio frequency communication channel, transmissions on this channel are received by all
stations within range. A carrier wave is used to transmit the data. The data is organized in
packets on an Ethernet link, referred to as "Ethernet frames".

2.3 WiMAX

WiMAX stand for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. It is a wireless

industry coalition dedicated to the advancement of IEEE 802.16 standards for broadband
wireless access (BWA) networks. WiMAX supports mobile, nomadic and fixed wireless
applications. WiMax is a standardized wireless version of Ethernet intended primarily as an
alternative to wire technologies (such as Cable Modems, DSL and T1/E1 links) to provide
broadband access to customer premises.

WiMAX operates similar to WiFi, but at higher speeds over greater distances and for a
greater number of users. WiMAX has the ability to provide service even in areas that are difficult
for wired infrastructure to reach and the ability to overcome the physical limitations of traditional
wired infrastructure. It can be used to connect 802.11 hot spots to the Internet, provide campus
connectivity, and provide a wireless alternative to cable and DSL for last mile broadband access.
3. GI-FI

GI-FI or gigabit wireless is the world’s first transceiver integrated on a single chip that
operates at 60GHz on the CMOS process. It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data at up
to 5gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one- tenth the cost.
NICTA researchers have chosen to develop this technology in the 57-64GHz unlicensed frequency
band as the millimeter-wave range of the spectrum makes possible high component on-chip
integration as well as allowing for the integration of very small high gain arrays.

The available 7GHz of spectrum results in very high data rates, up to 5 gigabits per second to
users within an indoor environment, usually within a range of 10 meters .It satisfies the standards of
IEEE 802.15.3C .

A new silicon chip developed in Melbourne is predicted to revolutionize the way household
gadgets like televisions, phones and DVD players talk to each other. The tiny five- millimeter-a-side
chip can transmit data through a wireless connection at a breakthrough five gigabits per second over
distances of up to 10 meters.

An entire high-definition movie could be transmitted to a mobile phone in a few seconds, and
the phone could then upload the movie to a home computer or screen at the same speed. This means
his team is ahead and stood in front of the competition in terms of price and power demand. His chip
uses only a tiny one-millimeter-wide antenna and less than two watts of power, and would cost less
than $10 to manufacture.
4. WORKING PRINCIPLE USED IN GIFI

Gi fi technology makes use of Time division duplex for transmission as well as reception.
In this the data file is initially converted from IF range to RF60 GHz range by using 2 mixers and
this is then fed to power amplifier, which is connected to multi meter wave antenna. Incoming
RF signal is converted to IF signal cantered at 5 GHz and then to normal data range; this is done
using a heterodyne construction so as to avoid leakage due to direct conversion and hence due to
this total data is transferred within seconds.

4.1 Time Division Duplex Time-division duplexing (TDD)

It a method for emulating full-duplex communication over a half-duplex communication

link. The transmitter and receiver both use the same frequency but transmit and receive traffic is
switched in time. As uplink traffic increases, more channel capacity can dynamically be
allocated to that, and as it shrinks it can be taken away. The primary advantages of this approach
as it applies to microwave communication are: It is more spectrum friendly, allowing the use of
only a single frequency for operation and dramatically increasing spectrum utilization, especially
in license-exempt or narrow-bandwidth frequency bands

4.2 Operating Frequency

The millimeter wave antenna operates at 60 GHz frequency band which is unlined band.
This band helps us achieving higher data rates. It also has many other features such as excellent
immunity to co-channel interference, high security, and frequency re-use. Point-to-point wireless
systems operating at 60 GHz have been used for many years for satellite-to-satellite
communications. This is because of high oxygen absorption at 60 GHz (10-15 dB/Km). As
shown in the figure 5.3 the absorption attenuates 60 GHz signals over distance, so that signals
cannot travel far beyond their intended recipient. For this reason, 60GHz is an excellent choice
for covert communication.

4.3 Ultra wide band frequency

A technology with high bit rate, high security and faster data transmission. It is a zero
carrier technique with low coverage area. So we have low power consumption. These features
are Ultra-Wideband is a technology for transmitting information spread over a large bandwidth
(>500 MHz) that should, be able to share spectrum with other users. Regulatory settings of FCC
are intended to provide an efficient use of scarce radio bandwidth while enabling both high data
5 Need and Significance of Proposed Research Work

GI-FI will helps to push wireless communications to faster drive. For many years cables ruled the
world. Optical fibers played a dominant role for its higher bit rates and faster transmission. But the
installation of cables caused a greater difficulty and thus led to wireless access. The foremost of this
is Bluetooth which can cover 9-10mts. Wi-Fi followed it having coverage area of 91mts. No doubt,
introduction of Wi-Fi wireless networks has proved a revolutionary solution to “last mile” problem.
However, the standard’s original limitations for data exchange rate and range, number of channels,
high cost of the infrastructure have not yet made it possible for Wi-Fi to become a total threat to
cellular networks on the one hand, and hard-wire networks, on the other. But the man’s continuous
quest for even better technology despite the substantial advantages of present technologies led to the
introduction of new, more up-to-date standards for data exchange rate i.e., GI-FI. GI-FI or Gigabit
Wireless is the world’s first transceiver integrated on a single chip that operates at 60GHz on the
CMOS process. It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data up to 5gigabits per second, ten
times the current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one-tenth of the cost, usually within a range of
10 meters. It utilizes a 5mm square chip and a 1mm wide antenna burning less than 2watts of power
to transmit data wirelessly over short distances, much like Bluetooth. The development will enable
the truly wireless office and home of the future. As the integrated transceiver is extremely small, it
can be embedded into devices. The breakthrough will mean the networking of office and home
equipment without wires will finally become a reality. In this we present a low cost, low power and
high broadband chip, which will be vital in enabling the digital economy of the future.

GI-FI or Gigabit Wireless is the world’s first transceiver integrated on a single chip in which a small
antenna used and both transmitter-receiver are integrated on a single chip which is fabricated using
the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. Because of GI-FI transfer of large
videos, files can be done within seconds. Researchers of Melbourne University has come up with a
wireless technology which promises high speed short range data transfers with a speed of up to
5Gbps within a radius of 10 meters. The new wireless technology is named as GI-FI and operates on
the 60GHz frequency band, which is currently mostly unused. The GI-FI Chip developed by the
Australian researcher’s measures 5mm square and is manufactured using existing complementary
metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, the same system that is currently used to print
silicon chips.

The best part about this new technology is its cost effectiveness and power consumption, it consumes
only 2watts of power for its operation with antenna (1mm) included and the development of GI-FI
chip costs approximately $10(Rs 380) to manufacture.

4 Literature Survey

1. Gi-Fi: Future of Wireless Technology

Author: Shikhar Bahl, Rishabh Rai ,June 2015

Proposed a model in which they implement a technology which gain flexibility

of infrastructure, reduce capital expenditure, gain advantages over competitors and
to solve business problems.

2. Effective GI-FI Wireless Technology

Author: M.karthika, A.K.SathiyaBama ,Jan 2016
Proposed that wireless dual band router and wireless dual band USB adapter are
based on the next generation Wi-Fi technology, which is a new wireless computer
networking standard in the 802.11 ac family.

3. Gi-Fi Technology: A Technology with Standard Features

Author: Rakesh Kumar Jha ,Pooja Kharga, 2015

Proposed a model that MIMO (Multiple input Multiple output) increase the
capacity 10 times and the system enables significant reduction of latency on the
radio interface using the low numbers.

4. A Survey on GI-FI Technology

Author: Sonali B. Maind, Pravin V. Khawse, May 2015

Proposed a model that the introduction of Gi-Fi wireless network has proved a
solution to Bluetooth and Wi-Fi problem, the limitations for data exchange rate and
range.

APPLICATIONS
1. Household appliances: It makes the wireless home and office of the
future.
2. Office appliances: As it transfers data at high speeds that made work
very easy.
3. Video information transfer: We can transfer at a speed of gbps
4. Inter-vehicle communication system.
5. Broadcasting video signal transmission system in sports stadium.
8. Advantages of Gi-Fi

1. Removing Cables

For many years cables ruled the world. Optical fibers played a dominant role for its higher bit rates
and faster transmission. But the installation of cables caused a greater difficulty and thus led to
wireless access. The foremost of this is Bluetooth which can cover 9-10mts.

2. Low Cost Chip

Gi-Fi’s chip uses only a tiny one-millimeter-wide antenna and less than 2mili watts of power. Low-
cost chip allows technology to be readily incorporated into multiple devices. The chip in Gi- fi would
likely cost about $10 or less to build. This and a small design would allow cell phones and other
small devices to add the technology without significantly drive up the price, according to the
company. GI-FI is based on an open, international standard. Mass adoption of the standard, and the
use of low-cost, mass-produced chipsets, will drive costs down dramatically, which is very less in
compare to present technologies.

3. Security

Among the factors that have held back enterprise uptake of wireless LANs outside green field sites
have been security fears and lack of performance compared to wire line Ethernet. About 70 per cent
of firms have deployed their WLAN in a secure firewall zone but are still using the old WEP
protocol Simplicity

9. DISADVANTAGES

1. It supports short distance of about 10 meters due to high attenuation.

2. The Gi-fi signals are easily blocked by objects due to lesser operating wavelength.
3. RTS/CTS signals are not used in GiFi technology unlike WiFi standard.
4. It is less secure compare to LiFi system.
LiFi operates on light waves
WiFi operates on Electro-magnetic waves.

Conclusion:

Within five years, we expect Gi-Fi to be the dominant technology for wireless networking. By
that time it will be fully mobile, as well as providing low-cost, high broadband access, with very
high speed large files swapped within seconds which will develop wireless home and office of
future.

If the success of Wi-Fi and the imminent wide usage of Wi-Max is any indication, Gi-Fi
potentially can bring wireless broadband to the enterprise in an entirely new way.
10. FUTURE SCOPE

The GI-FI team is looking for partners interested in commercializing its 60GHz chips and
with growing consumer adoption of High-Definition (HD) television, low cost chip and other
interesting features of this new technology it can be predicted that the anticipated worldwide market
for this technology is vast. Within next few years, we expect GI-FI to be the dominant technology for
wireless networking. By providing low-cost, high broadband access, with very high speed large files
swapped within seconds it could develop wireless home and office of future.

As the integrated transceiver is extremely small, it can be embedded into devices. The
breakthrough will mean the networking of office and home equipment without wires will finally
become a reality. The GI-FI integrated transceiver chip may be launched by the starting of next year
by NICTA. Due to the less cost of chip so many companies are coming forward to launch the chip.
The potential of microwave Companies like Intel, LG, Panasonic, Samsung, Sony & Toshiba to form
wireless HD. Specifically wireless HD has a stated goal of enabling wireless connectivity for
streaming high definition content between source devices and high definition devices.

11. REFERENCES

 wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi-Fi

 https://arxiv.org/Gi-Fi

 http://ijarcet.org/Gi-FiTechnology

 https://www.ijraset.com
V. WORKING PRINCIPLE USED IN GIFI Gifi technology makes use of Time division duplex for transmission
as well as reception. In this the data file is initially converted from IF range to RF60 GHz range by using 2
mixers and this is then fed to power amplifier, which is connected to multi meter wave antenna.
Incoming RF signal is converted to IF signal cantered at 5 GHz and then to normal data range; this is
done using a heterodyne construction so as to avoid leakage due to direct conversion and hence due to
this total data is transferred within seconds.

A. Time Division Duplex Time-division duplexing (TDD) is a method for emulating full-
duplex communication over a half-duplex communication link. The transmitter and
receiver both use the same frequency but transmit and receive traffic is switched in
time. As uplink traffic increases, more channel capacity can dynamically be allocated to
that, and as it shrinks it can be taken away. The primary advantages of this approach as
it applies to microwave communication are: 1. It is more spectrum friendly, allowing the
use of only a single frequency for operation and dramatically increasing spectrum
utilization, especially in license-exempt or narrow-bandwidth frequency bands. 2. It
allows for the variable allocation between the transmit and receive directions, making it
well suited to applications with asymmetric traffic requirements, such as video
surveillance, broadcast and Internet browsing.

B. Operation at 60 GHz The millimeter wave antenna operates at 60 GHz frequency band which is
unlined band. This band helps us achieving higher data rates. It also has many other features such as
excellent immunity to co-channel interference, high security, and frequency re-use. Point-to-point
wireless systems operating at 60 GHz have been used for many years for satellite-to-satellite
communications. This is because of high oxygen absorption at 60 GHz (10-15 dB/Km). As shown in the
figure 5.3 the absorption attenuates 60 GHz signals over distance, so that signals cannot travel far
beyond their intended recipient. For this reason, 60GHz is an excellent choice for covert communication.