GI-FI TECNOLOGY

 Contents
1. Intro/ abstract
2. Network evolution / Evolution of Gi-Fi
3. Working
4. Construction
5. Technologies used

1. Introduction/What is Gi-fi/Abstract:
For many years, cables ruled the world. Optical fibres played a
dominant role because of its higher bit rates and faster
transmission. But the installation of cables caused a greater
difficulty and thus led to wireless access. The foremost of this is
Bluetooth, which can cover 9-10metres. Wi-Fi followed it having
coverage area of 91metres. No doubt, introduction of Wi-Fi
(Wireless Fidelity) has brought a revolutionary solution
to “last mile” problem.
However, the standard's original limitations for data exchange
rate and range, number of channels, high cost of the
infrastructure have not yet made it possible for Wi-Fi to become
a total threat to cellular networks on onehand, and hard-wire
networks, on the other. But the man
‟
s continuous quest for even better technology despite the
substantial advantages of present technologies led to the
introduction of new, more up-to-date standards for data
exchange rate i.e., Gi-Fi. It will help to push wireless
communications to faster drive.
Gi-Fi or Gigabit Wireless is the world's first transceiver
integrated on a single chip that operates at 60GHz on the
CMOS process. It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video
data up to 5 Gigabits per second, ten times the current
maximum wireless transfer rate at one-tenth of the cost, usually
within a range of 10 meters. It utilizes a 5mm square chip and a
1mm wide antenna burning less than 2 mw of power to transmit
data wirelessly over short distances, much like Bluetooth. The
development will enable the truly wireless office and home in
the future. As the integrated transceiver is extremely small, it
can be embedded into devices. The breakthrough will mean the
networking of office and home equipment without wires will
finally become a reality. In this paper we present a low cost, low
power and high broadband chip, which will be vital in enabling
the digital economy of the future.
Wi-Fi (IEEE-802.11b) and Wi-Max (IEEE-802.16e)have
captured our attention. As there are no recent developments
which Transfer data at faster rate, video information transfer is
taking a lot of time.

This leads to introduction of Gi-Fi technology. It offers some

advantages over Wi-Fi, a similar wireless technology, which
offers faster information rate (Gb/s), Less power consumption
and low cost for short range transmissions. Gi-Fi is developed
on an integrated wireless transceiver chip, in which a small
antenna is used and both transmitter- receiver integrated on a
single chip, are fabricated using the complementary metal
oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process.
Gi-Fi or gigabit wireless is the world’s first transceiver
integrated on a single chip that operates at 60GHz on the
CMOS process. It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video
data at up to 5 gigabits per second, ten times the current
maximum wireless transfer rate, at one-tenth the cost. NICTA
researchers have chosen to develop this technology in the 57-
64GHz unlicensed frequency band as the millimeter -wave
range of the spectrum makes possible high component on-chip
integration as well as allowing for the integration of very small
high gain arrays. The available 7GHz of spectrum results in
very high data rates, up to 5 gigabits per second to users within
an indoor environment, usually within a range of 10 metres. It
satisfies the standards of IEEE 802.15.3C. This mm Wave
WPAN will operate in the new and clear band including 57-64
GHz unlicensed band defined by FCC 47 CFR 15.255. The
millimeter-wave WPAN will allow high coexistence (close
physical spacing) with all other microwave systems in
the802.15 family of WPANs.

2. Network Evolution:

Cables  optical fibres  wireless access  bluetooth  wi-fi 

WiMax  gi-fi
The wireless technology evolution [4] is explained as
follows.
2.1 Cables
Cables are used in electronic devices for long distance
communication which takes place over undersea cables. Power
cables and electrical cables are used for bulk transmission of
alternating and direct current power, especially using high-
voltage cable and used in building Wiring for lighting, power
and control circuits permanently installed in buildings resp. But
the installation cost becomes more in wired communication.
Wireless communication is more effective than wired
communication.
2.2Optical fibers
Optical fibers are used to transmit light between the two ends of
the fiber and find wide usage in fiber-optic communications,
where they permit transmission over longer distances and at
higher bandwidths than wire cables. Fibers are used instead of
metal wires because signals travel along them with lesser
amounts of loss; in addition, fibers are also immune to
electromagnetic interference, a problem which metal wires
suffer from excessively.
2.3 Wireless Access
Wireless communication is the transfer of information between
two or more points that are not connected by an electrical
conductor. In computer networking, a wireless access point
(AP) is a device that allows wireless devices to connect to a
wired network using Wi-Fi, or related standards. The AP usually
connects to a router (via a wired network) as a standalone
device, but it can also be an integral component of the router
itself.
2.4 Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging
data over short distances using short wavelength radio waves
Bluetooth invented by telecom vendor Ericsson in 1994.it was
originally conceived as a wireless alternative to data cables. It
can connect several devices, overcoming problems of
synchronization.
2.5 Wi-fi
Wi-Fi is a local area wireless computer networking technology
that allows electronic devices to network, mainly using the 2.4
gigahertz and 5 gigahertz radio bands31T for the transmission
of high speed data .The Wi-Fi Alliance defines Wi-Fi as any
"wireless local area network" (WLAN) product based on the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE)
standards. However, the term "Wi-Fi" is used in general English
as a synonym for "WLAN" since most modern WLANs are
based on these standards.
2.6 WiMax
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a
family of wireless communications standards initially designed
to provide 30 to 40 megabitper-second data rates. WiMAX is a
standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile
wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and IEEE
802.16m or Wireless MAN-Advanced is a candidate for the , in
competition with the Advanced standard.
2.7 Gi-Fi technology
Gigabit wireless refers to a wireless communication at a data
rate of more than one billion bits (gigabit) per second. By 2004
some trade press used the term "Gi-Fi" to refer to faster
versions of the IEEE 802.11 standards marketed under the
trademark Wi-Fi .P PIn 2008 researchers at the University of
Melbourne demonstrated a transceiver integrated on a single
integrated circuit(chip) that operated at 60 GHz on the
CMOSprocess. It allows wireless transfer of audio and video
data at up to 5 gigabits per second, ten times the currennt
maximum wireless transfer rate, at one-tenth of the cost.
3. Working:
In this we will use time division duplex for both transmission
and receiving. Here data files are up converted from IF range to
RF60Ghz range by using 2 mixers and we will feed this to a
power amplifier, which feeds millimeter wave antenna. The
incoming RF signal is first down converted to an IF signal
cantered at 5 GHz and then to normal data ranges. Here we
will use heterodyne construction for this process to avoid
leakages due to direct conversion and due to availability of 7
GHz spectrum the total data will be will be transferred within
seconds.
A. Time -Division Duplex
Time-Division Duplex (TDD) is the application of timedivision
multiplexing to separate outward and return signals. It emulates
full duplex communication over a half duplex communication
link. As uplink traffic increases, more channel capacity can
dynamically be allocated to that, and as it shrinks it can be
taken away.
For Radio systems that aren't moving quickly, another
advantage is that the uplink and downlink radio. Time division
duplex (TDD) refers to duplex communication links where
uplink is separated from downlink by the allocation of different
time slots in the same frequency band. It is a transmission
scheme that allows asymmetric flow for uplink and downlink
data transmission. Users are allocated time slots for uplink and
downlink transmission. This method is highly advantageous in
case there is an asymmetry of uplink and downlink data rates.
TDD divides a data stream into frames and assigns different
time slots to forward and reverse transmissions, thereby
allowing both types of transmissions to share the same
transmission medium.

Why 60 GHz?
Here we will use millimeter wave antenna which will operate at
60 GHz frequency which is unlined band .Because of this band
we are achieving high data rates energy propagation In the 60
GHz band has unique characteristics that make possible many
other benefits such as excellent immunity to co-channel
interference, high security, and frequency reuse.
Point-to-point wireless systems operating at 60 GHz have been
used for many years for satellite-to-satellite communications.
This is because of high oxygen absorption at 60 GHz (10-155.
5dB/Km). This absorption attenuates 60 GHz signals over
distance, so that signals cannot travel far beyond their intended
recipient. For this reason, 60GHz is an excellent choice for
covert communications.
ULTRA WIDE BAND FREQUENCY USAGE
UWB, is a technology with high bit rate, high security and faster
data transmission. It is a zero carrier technique with low
coverage area. So we have low power consumption. These
features are Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is a technology for
transmitting information spread over a large bandwidth (>500
MHz) that should, be able to share spectrum with other users.
Regulatory Settings of FCC are intended to provide an efficient
use of scarce radio bandwidth while enabling both high data
rate personal-area network (PAN) wireless connectivity and
longer-range, low data rate applications as well as radar and
imaging systems.
Working Principle…
 Time Division Duplex
 Emulates Full Duplex Communication Over Half
 Duplex
 Data from IF range to RF60GHz range
 Availability Of 7GHz spectrum
 Transfer Within Seconds
4. Construction/Architecture:

 The core component of a Gi-Fi system is

the subscriber station .
 It supports standard of IEEE 802.15.3C
Wireless PAN
  An 802.15.3C based system often uses
small antenna at the subscriber station.
 It supports line of sight operation.

Gi-Fi wireless technology incorporates one subscriber station

that is made available for different access points. It supports
IEEE 802.15.3C standard millimeter wave wireless networks
that are used majorly for communication between computer
devices. The subscriber station basically comprises of a small
antenna that is mounted on the top in order to support the light
of sight operations. In order to avoid any interference, it
transmits multiples signals across the path of transmission, at
the same time having different frequencies. The core
components of a GI-FI system is the subscriber station which
available to several access points. It supports standard of IEEE
802.15.3C supports millimetre- wave wireless pan networks.
The wireless pan is computer network used for communication
among computer devices (including telephones and personal
digital assistants) close to one person. An 802.15.3c based
system often uses small antenna at the subscriber station. The
antenna is mounted on the roof. It supports line of sight
operation.
What is 802.15.3C Technologies?
This millimeter-Wave WPAN will operate in the new and clear
band including 57-64 GHz unlicensed band defined by FCC 47
CFR 15.255. The millimeter-wave WPAN will allow high
coexistence (close physical spacing) with all other microwave
systems in the 802.15 family of WPANs. It transmits multiple
signals simultaneously across the wireless transmission paths
within separate frequencies to avoid interference.

5. Technologies used:
Fundamental Technologies in 802.15.3C:
This millimeter-Wave WPAN will operate in the new and clear
band including 57-64 GHz unlicensed band defined by FCC 47
CFR 15.255. The millimeter-wave WPAN will allow high
coexistence (close physical spacing) with all other microwave
systems in the 802.15 family of WPANs.
This mmWave WPAN will operate in the new and clear band
including 57-64 GHz unlicensed band defined by FCC 47 CFR
15.255. 2 types.
(i). Multiple Input Multiple Outputs
MIMO wireless is an emerging cost effective technology that
offers substantial leverages in making 1Gbps wireless links a
reality. We can in principle, meet the 1Gbps data rate
requirement if the product of bandwidth (measured in Hz) and
spectral efficiency (measured in bps/Hz) equals 10^9. MIMO
wireless constitutes a technological breakthrough that will allow
Gbps speeds in NLOS wireless networks. The performance
improvements resulting from the use of MIMO systems are due
to
1. Array gain
2. Diversity gain
3. Spatial Multiplexing Gain
4. Interference Reduction
(ii). System-On-A-Package
SOP approach for the next-generation wireless solution is a
more feasible option than SOC. Recent development of
materials and processes in packaging area makes it possible to
bring the concept of SOP into the RF world to meet the
stringent needs in wireless communication area.
Wireless devices implementing complex functionality require a
large amount of circuitry and consequently, require a large
conventional package or MCM real estate. SOP goes one step
beyond Multi Chip Module (MCM) by enhancing overall
performances and adding more functionality