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GR No L-19550
GR No L-19550
Petitioners aver that the warrant is illegal for, inter alia: (1) they do not describe with
particularity the documents, books and things to be seized; (2) cash money, not mentioned
in the warrants, were actually seized; (3) the warrants were issued to fish evidence against
the aforementioned petitioners in deportation cases filed against them; (4) the searches and
seizures were made in an illegal manner; and (5) the documents, papers and cash money
seized were not delivered to the courts that issued the warrants, to be disposed of in
accordance with law x x x.
Respondent-prosecutors invoke the Moncado vs People’s Court ruling: even if the searches
and seizures under consideration were unconstitutional, the documents, papers and things
thus seized are admissible in evidence against petitioners herein.
Held: The SC ruled in favor of Stonehill et. al., reversing the Moncado doctrine. Though
Stonehill et. al. are not the proper parties to assail the validity of the search warrant issued
against their corporation and thus they have no cause of action (only the officers or board
members of said corporation may assail said warrant, and that corporations have
personalities distinct from petitioners’ personalities), the 3 warrants issued to search
petitioners’ residences are hereby declared void. Thus, the searches and seizures made
therein are made illegal.
The constitution protects the people’s right against unreasonable search and seizure. It
provides:
(1) that no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, to be determined by the judge in
the manner set forth in said provision; and
(2) that the warrant shall particularly describe the things to be seized.
The Court also holds that the only practical means of enforcing the constitutional injunction
against unreasonable searches and seizures is, in the language of the Federal Supreme
Court: x x x If letters and private documents can thus be seized and held and used
in evidence against a citizen accused of an offense, the protection of the 4th
Amendment, declaring his rights to be secure against such searches and seizures,
is of no value, and, so far as those thus placed are concerned, might as well be stricken
from the Constitution. The efforts of the courts and their officials to bring the guilty
to punishment, praiseworthy as they are, are not to be aided by the sacrifice of
those great principles established by years of endeavor and suffering which have resulted
in their embodiment in the fundamental law of the land.