Chapter I

Introduction:
Neem has two closely related species, Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Melia
azadirachta; the former is popularly known as the Indian neem (margosa tree) or Indian
lilac, and the latter as the Persian lilac. A. indica has been well known in India and its
neighboring countries for more than 2000 years as a versatile medicinal plant with a
broad spectrum of biological activity, including antibacterial properties. Currently, it is
regarded as the most useful traditional medicinal plant in India, and known as the
“village pharmacy.” The Sanskrit name for the neem tree is Arishtha, meaning “reliever
of sickness,” and all parts of the tree have been in use in Ayurvedic, Unani, and
homeopathic medicine; hence, it is considered to be Sarbaroganibarini (“one that can
cure all bodily ailments”).

In recent years, interest in neem has focused on its repellent, anti-feedant, and growth-
disrupting effects on insects, as well as its ability to provide a cheap natural pesticide.
Neem oil, produced from the seed kernels of neem fruit, is the most commonly used
neem product. It is generally regarded as possessing the highest concentration of active
components with regard to the manufacture of pesticides. It is also used in soap
manufacture, and as a treatment for various skin disorders. Some recent studies have
also demonstrated activity of the plant against bacteria, viruses, and fungal infections.
Originating in India, neem is now widespread throughout arid, tropical, and subtropical
areas of the world. In Nepal, it mostly grows in the southern Terai region. (sciencedirect
2016)

Scientific name: Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (cabi.org 2014)

State of Problem:

The main problem of this study is to utilize the effect of neem (Azadirachta Indica)
extract and bark, as an effective mosquito killer in form of sprayer in terms of:

1.What are the active components of neem (Azadirachta Indica) extract, bark, and fruit
that can be utilized as effective insect killer in form of sprayer?

2. Is experimental neem (Azadirachta Indica) extract, bark, and fruit can be an effective
insect killer in form of trapthan commercial insect killer in terms of:

2.1 odor;

2.2 number of mosquitoes killed

3. Is experimental neem (Azadirachta Indica) extract, bark, and fruit Insect Killer in form
of traps is more acceptable than coomercial insect killer in terms of:

3.1 odor;

3.2 number of mosquitoes killed (geocities n.d.)

Significance of the Study:

People who can't afford to buy mosquito killers

For those people, they can enjoy a safe and effective way of killing mosquito. As we all
know, mosquito killer is relatively fragile when being intake by human. It may cause
head ache. We the use of the researcher’s product, those kind of instance will be
avoided. Talking about camping and field trip, mosquito repellents might affect their
business if the campers and participants in the field trip will notice that the vehicle where
they are is a mosquito prone area. But with the use of the experimental mosquito killer,
those kind of instances will be avoided. (geocities n.d.)

Benefits of Study:

For those people, they can enjoy a safe and effective way of killing mosquito. (geocities
n.d.)