Introduction

The World has realized the significance of Land subsidence (LS) long ago, but very little
attention has been given to it in India. Even today, subsidence is mainly confined to coal mining
areas only in India. The subsidence is caused due to the large-scale extraction of natural
resources such as oil, gas, coal, and groundwater.
However, long term groundwater overdraft is considered to be the primary cause of LS.

Cities like Venice, Mexico, and Bangkok have shown cumulative subsidence in the order of 10m
due to the exploitation of groundwater hence causing huge economic and human life loss.
Calcutta (India) has also shown some of the visible impacts of Land subsidence like cracks,
tilting of the building and subsoil flow due to metro construction. The mean subsidence rate
estimated in the city is 10.83 mm/year (Sahu and Sikdar, 2011).
There is a high probability of Land Subsidence in North Indian regions due to similar soil as that
of Kolkata and unmindful mining of groundwater especially in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, and
Haryana.

Land Subsidence can be measured using techniques like aquifer compaction, GPS
measurements, and pressure of groundwater in aquifers. However, the phenomenon can be
studied more accurately using remote sensing techniques such as Differential Interferometric
SAR(DInSAR).
DInSAR Interferogram is a product of two SAR images acquired at a different time with
topographic surface removed using DEM. The generated interferogram gives the information
about phase difference which can be further converted to path difference in order to generate
deformation map at millimeter level of accuracy.

Research Proposal:

The proposed work aims at