When external forces are applied to an axially loaded encased or filled composite member, the

introduction of force to the member and the transfer of longitudinal shear within the member shall be
assessed in accordance with the requirements for force allocation presented in this section. The design
strength, φRn, or the allowable strength, Rn /Ω, of the applicable force transfer mechanisms as
determined in accordance with Section I6.3 shall equal or exceed the required longitudinal shear force
to be transferred, V′r, as determined in accordance with Section I6.2. Force transfer mechanisms shall
be located within the load transfer region as determined in accordance with Section I6.4.
In non-circular cross-sections, twisting is accompanied by a distortion called warping, in which
transverse sections do not remain plane.[1] For shafts of uniform cross-section unrestrained against
warping, the torsion is:

CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

CAUSE: MAINTENANCE FAILURE LOCATION: FRONT/LEFT SIDE

BRAND: SUNFULL S/N #: 3517
DEPT READING: 0 mm.

CAUSE: MAINTENANCE FAILURE LOCATION: FRONT/RIGHT SIDE

BRAND: SUNFULL S/N #: 3517
DEPT READING: 1 mm.
CAUSE: MAINTENANCE FAILURE LOCATION: REAR/RIGHT SIDE
BRAND: SUNFULL S/N #: 3517
DEPT READING: 2 mm.

CAUSE: MAINTENANCE FAILURE LOCATION: REAR/LEFT SIDE

BRAND: SUNFULL S/N #: 3517
DEPT READING: 2 mm.