Matthew Van Roeyen

10/23/17

The 1600s
Values: emphasized basic skills to learn religious catechisms and read prayers

1620-Emphasis on basic skills needed to learn religious catechisms and read prayers
Curriculum also includes surveying, navigation, and bookkeeping. Education primarily for the elite.
Colonial Schools
-Parochial schools
-Dame schools for boys and girls in the home of a housewife or widow
-Horn Book
-Reading and Writing schools: for boys beyond Dame Schools. Religious texts—New England Primer

1630s-Latin Grammar Schools like secondary schools, prep for Harvard and religious roles in the church

1635-Boston Latin School Established Harvard and Yale Established

1636-Latin Grammar (college-prep) schools established and, like Harvard and Yale Colleges, emphasize
Latin, Greek, theology, and philosophy for those preparing to enter law or religion.

1640s-The Origins of Mandated Education

1642-Maccachusetts Act of 1642

1647-Massachusetts Act of 1647

-Also known as the Old Delader Satan Act

1647-Massachusetts Law of 1647 mandates a reading and writing teacher for towns of 50 or more
families; a Latin teacher for towns of 100 or more. Females taught basics to enable them to carry out
religious and family responsibilities.

1690-New England Primer officially printed

1700s-Public schools teach reading, writing, and basic mathematics (counting, adding, and subtracting)
to prepare students for jobs and apprenticeships

Early 1750s-Academies teach secondary students a practical curriculum (drawing, surveying, navigation,
merchant’s accounting, etc…) to become tradesmen and workers.
Less European influence on schools, a focus on preserving freedom, citizenship, democracy

1751-Benjamin F. Academy

1770-Schools founded for African American & N. A.

-American Revolution

1779-Thomas Jefferson education cornerstone of freedom

Virginia Legislature

1783-Noah Websters Speller introduced The American Dictionary also Elementary Spelling Book

1785-Massachusetts Act expanded

1792-Sarah Pierce founded school in house. Female Academy

1821-First public high school teaches basic skills and history, geography, health, and physical training.
First women’s College founded by Emma Willard. Troy Seminary
1824-University of Virginia funded by Thomas Jefferson.
-Common School

1836-McGuffey Readers First Published. 122 million copies of readers grades one to six, taught moral
values.
Rev. W.H. McGuffey

1837-Horace mann. Sec of mass/state board ed. Common School Advocate

-led movement for free public schools. Humanistic approach and better-educated teachers
-Kingergarten, (1st) friedrich .
Susan Blow first US public kindergarten in St. Louis

1839-First public normal school. Lexington. Educated teachers beyond high school.

1841-5th Report Published: Horace Mann

1843-7th Report Published: Horace Mann

1849-1st women administrator of normal school. Electra Lincoln Walton.

1850—Robert VS. City of Boston (1st official ground for desegregation

1852-Sarah Pierce’s Female Academy

Compulsary Ed Law passed

1855-1st Kindergarten in Wisconsin

Margarette Schurz
-Peak enrollment at 6,185…English Academies “people’s college”

1857-NEA Founded

1860-First English speaking kindergarten emphasizes growth, activity, play, songs, and stories.
Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, Bosten 1st private, English Speaking Kindergarten
1862-Morrill Land Grant Act’ and 1890

1865-Freedments Bureau “Foundation of education” for former slaves

Compulsory Education
-Scientific management
African American higher education
Booker T. Washington-Tuskegee Institute for industrial training
William E Burghardt DuBois-one founder of NAACP, more academics

1868-Hampton normate and agricultural lanstate of VA

1869-9,500 teachers taught freedmen schools

1870s-when bureau ended 4,329 schools established

1873=1st successful kindergarten, susan blow

1874-Free public schooling now includes high schools that place strong emphasis on vocational
education and reading, writing, and mathematics

1880-(1881-Tuskegee Institute Founded Booker T. Washington

1892-Committee of ten conference

1893-Committee of Ten Asserts that high schools are for college-bound and curriculum should
emphasize mental disciplines in humanities, language, and science.

1895-Committee of fifteen published report

1918-Commission on Reorganization of Secondary Education focuses on individual differences.

Curriculum to stress Seven Cardinal Principles.
1920-1945 Progressive Era with the progressive focus to improving education
John Dewey: Laboratory School with progressive theories, cooperative groups
Maria Montessori
Assimilation is the practice for educating immigrants and minorities
Native American citizenship 1924; Recommendations 1928: cultural curriculum, reservation day
schools, reform boarding schools; 50 yrs to implement
World War 2 and Federal Involvement in Education

1930s & 1940s-Progressive education movement stresses curriculum based on student’s needs and
interests. Home economics, health, family living, citizenship, and woodshop added to the curriculum.

1941 Lanham Act

Gi Bill of Rights

1950s Defense and Desegregation

1957-Soviet Sputnik sparks

Emphasis on science, mathematics, and languages

1958-National Defense Education Act: new math, science and social studies and foreign language
Desegregation begins with rejection of “separate but equal” with 1954 Brown vs Board of Education of
Topeka, Kansas

1960s mid 1970s-Calls for relevancy result in expanded course offerings and electives.
Mid-Back-to-basics movement emphasizes reading, writing, mathematics, and oral communication
Kennedy and Johnson: War on Poverty and Great Society
Subsidized lunch/breakfast programs, Head Start, Upward Bound, Job Corp.

1962-Engel v Vitale 1962 US Supreme Court ruled daily pray with teacher unconstitutional.

1963-Supreme Court ruled Bible reading and Lord’s Prayer in school unconstitutional

1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act-low income and limited English children

1968-Title VII Bilingual Education Act based on low-income children

1970s Accountability and Equal Opportunity—Back to basics, accountability with basal readers and
teacher-proof curricula.

1971-Lemon v Kurtzman 1971 called The Lemon Test, provides guidelines to evaluate religion/education
practices in school (has not been overruled)
1. Secular purpose (relating to the world, not specifically religions.)
2.Primary effect to neither advance or inhibit religion
3.Avoid excessive entanglement with religion

1972-Title XI No discrimination on sex

1972-Indian Education Act 1972 and 1974-federal funds to improve education, meet special needs of
native American youth, train teachers for Indian schools and funds to attend college (In 1924 Native
Americans were granted citizenship.) 1928 report on problem with Indian education recommended
building schools in communities, reforming boarding school system, curricula reflecting tribal
culture/needs (50 years to implement)

1974-Buckley Amendment allowed parents and students over 18 to examine their school records. Also,
granted privacy that information could not be shared without written permission.

1975-Education for All handicapped children Act (Public law 94-142) the mainstreaming law

1980s A Great Debate: Perenialist Core

1983-Nation at Risk report calls for “five new basics”-English, mathematics, science, social studies, and
computer science

1985-Rigorous core curricula advocated at all levels in an effort to increase standards and to ensure
quality.

19878-McKinney-Vento Act requires schools to register homeless children with requirements like
residency, guardianship, immunization, school records.

1989-The Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development report, Turning Points, recommends the
creation of learning communities and a core academic program for middle-level students.
President George H. W. Bush convenes education summit meeting for 50 state governors.

1990-Kentucky Education Reform Act (KERA) required a school-based management council in each
school to develop policyin curriculum, staff developmt,instruction, discipline, etc…

1990-President George H. W. Bush unveils Goals 2000, identifying six educational goals: readiness for
school; high school completion; student achievement and citizenship: science and mathematics; adult
literacy and lifelong learning; and safe, disciplined, and drug-free schools.

1994-President Bill Clinton signs into law Goals 2000: Educate America Act

1995-President Bill Clinton creates the National Information infrastructure (NII) to encourage schools to
become connected to the “information superhighway.”

1996-President Bill Clinton launches the President’s Educational Technology Initiative

1999-President Bill Clinton signs into law the Educational Excellence for All Children Act, reauthorizing
the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.

2000 The new century

2002-President George W. Bush signs into law the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001

Excellence and Accountability

Race to the top

2010-President Barack Obama proposes broad changes to No Child Left Behind and initiates the
reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; implements Race to the Top and the
Teacher and Leader Innovation Fund.

2014-By 2014, all students will leave high school “college or career ready.”