Seminar on Earth Contre! Measures nanos seston INTRODUCTION: Phe QKECP been in place fer Pasar Nae ty ay ht ip imathievi een! tac Col Stesanesne | D&E siniyaoie construction sites by sharing oxamples of ECM and listensing ta | TM* 00pm to 6.00pm fen OBJECTIVES: This workshop ainis to provide update of KUM 80 Toh Guan Roa resical and showease of ECM initiative in (608575) Sion. voters of EST wh | erprrgmne —: sPDUs/5cPDUs ‘ : 7 : e Fees * $50.00 (IES member) $70.00 (non member) TARGET AUDIENCE * Fees Inclusive of 7% GST, course materials and light pad inlarested refreshments + Certifeate of Attendance will be issued to participants with at least 753% attendanceSeminar on Earth Control Measures PROGRAMME DETAILS Date: 11 May 2009 (Tuesday) CPD Programme: 3 PDUs (PE) / 3 CPDUs (QECP) Time: 1.00pm ~ 6.00pm Organized by: 16S Academy Venue: Auditorium, 2"! floor, PUB Waterhub Fees: $50.00 (IES Members) 80 Toh Guan Road East (608575) $70.00 (Non-Members) + Fees inclusive of7% GST, course materials and lunch. + Certificate af Attendance will be given to participants with at least 75% attendance 3.30pm 45pm 4.15pm 4-4opm 4-4opm 5-05pm_ 5.05pm, 5.30pm 5.30pm | 6.00pm Opening speech by Guest Of Honour — Er Ho Siong Hin Certificate Award Ceremony Presentation by HDB Contractor - ECM at Lift Upgrading Projects .f Kienta Engineering Construction a Speaker: Mr Zanudin Salleh Presentation by ECM Technology Supplier - Use of Biodegradable flocculent to treat siltywater Speaker: Mr Nelson Chen Presentation by HDB Contractor - LTA project ER286 e Downer EDI Works Pte Ltd Speaker: Muthusamy Subramanian ‘Viewing of ECM products and tea break Presentation by SECA ~ Role of SECA in the ECM and its various ECM products supplied to the industry Speaker: Mr Lim Meng Yang, Chairman for SECA Presentation by Ngee Ann Polytechnic on investigation into effectiveness of silt trap Speaker: Dr Katayon Saed Presentation by Centre For Urban Greenery and Ecology Establishment/Management Speaker : Dr Kenneth B.Mareum Q&A End of programme1. Zanudin Salleh Kienta Engineering Construction Project Director Title of Presentation ECM at lift Upgrading Projects Synopsis In any Tit upgrading project, tight control on ECM isa must as the works affect residents who are living ‘within the site. The confraetor has to deploy a well-organised and very competent project team to ensure ECM is in place with minimum inconvenienee to the residents, ‘This presentation will explain how Kienta Engineering Construction Pte Lad achieved x high level of quality, safety and efficiency in controlling the Earth Control Measures for the lift upgrading. IL also highlights some of the ECM introduced to cireumvent site constraints and complexities experienced uring the bit upgrading warks. CV of Speaker Mr Zanuelin Salih, Project Director with Kienta Engineering Construction Pte Ltd has 27 years experience in the construction indusiey ia various positions. He has working experience in the areas of site sopervision, maintenance and construction project management in public housing, uiversity and religious institulion projects. He graduated from the Singapore Polytechnic in Civil Jingincering, Diploma in Management Studies from Singapore Institute of Management (SIM) anid obtained his Uaeheloy of Science in Economies fiom the University of London, Be further obtained his Master of Engineering Science in Project’ Management from the University of New South Wales, (UNSW, Australia, Me Zanuidin has been involved ia FDR atu and lift upgracing projects sinew 1995 and has avcimtelated considerate experience in this area af work. 2, Chen Shing Yong, Nelson sstem Deve Director (Business 8 col Solution Ple Lid opment) Title of Presentation How ean biodegradable flocealent assist in the existing tveatment system, Synopsis Rev ‘olution Pee Lid (Revalsoll is a pew 0 ‘stent and the constraction water beatinent 5CV of Speaker Mr Chen Shing Yong is the Director of Revol Solution Pte Lid in business development and system implementation. He has appointed as a disuibutor for Poly-Glu over in Singapore market and the region snarkel, He is iavolved in iffcation and project implementation for the biodegradable product Nis previous professional experience inelndes business & product development, project management and em integration (CMS) for monitoring of water quality for PUB. - Muthusamy Subramanian Downer EDF Works Pte Ltd Workplace Safety & Health Officer ‘Title of Presentation Barth Control Measures at BR 286- Widening of CLE from AMK Ave 3 to ¥CK Road CV of Speaker Ar Muthusamy Subramanian, is a Workplace Safety 8 Health otfiver with Downer Bali Work Pte Ltd have to yrs experience in construction industry. L have working experience in site supervision, environment control and workplace safety & health in civil engineering and public housing projects 4. Lim Meng Yang Chairman, Singapore Erosion Control Associatior alos Manager, Trident C nicals Enterprise Tivolvement in Singapore water treatment olfort since 2000. ‘Title of Presentation Introduction to SECA \s intradiiction 10 provide a averwiew of SEC Aand our mission, 5. Dr. Katayon Saed Lecturer. Xgve Ann Pulytechnie Title of PresentationSynopsis: Currently, Earth Control Measures (ECM) is implemented to reduce the amount of silt loading from the con on site's discharge. Such measures include use of silt fence and silt trap. Preliminary studies an site visits revealed some probleme associated with th eurvent sigh af thes bap sch ay the undefined size range of aggregates, thickness of aggregate bed and type of geotestile material. Therefore this project was initiated by LTA, Safety Division in collaboration with Ngee. Ann Polytechnic under PSRP (Polytechnic Student Research Program) to find the optima silt trap in terms ofits effectiveness in removing sediments from construction site discharges CV Of Speaker Dy. Karayon Saed isa lecturer at the Schoo! of Engineering ofthe Ngee «Ann Polytechnie, sitce 2007, She received B.8e.(Applied Cheinishy), M.Se (Environmental Chemistry) and Ph.D (Environmental Science) in 1995, 1998 and 2002,respectively. She has worked as a lecturer at University Putra Matkeys 2007). She has a broad range of experience from numerous R&D and consultaney projects in the area of waslowater treatment, Throughout her career, her projects have focused on wastewater treatment partieularly in relation to the reclamation and re-use. She has authored 25 jaurnal papers aud 28 conference papers within the area of wastewater treatment She has coauthored ¢ chapters in Ensironmental Engineering Handhooks published by CRC press. She serves as referee for many international journals such as Journal of Hazardous: Inaterials and Journal of Tosieology and Environmental Chemistry. She is an active member af International Water Association since 2002, Dr. Kenneth B. Marcum Contre for Urban Greenery & Reology ~ CUCE Research ~ Past Si Title of Presentation Tropical Turiarass Establishment/Management Synopsis ‘Tropical tungeass & fran Homporate turigrasses. Dr. Marcum will discuss th critevia for selecting the best species, turfgritss fametionad and prescribed uses, rootznne enustruction techniques procedures ishmont and management is uniqnely different Irom other landseape plants, and different tropical turfgrass species available, nd quality characteristics, management levels nting techniques. and past-plit management CV Of Speaker Dy, Kenneth $8. Marcum is the Senior Rescareher tn Un rigrass management for the Centre for Urb: Singapo jor to jvining CUGE, Ds prvfosscie st University of Arizona He Coiversity of Hanwait Greenery & Beal oncaeid at Te 2 Universite, He has numerais ns in ba jpeaker at international vonferences, and invited fo do research aOverview Company Profile Corporate Culture Introduction of Design & Build LUP G1A Precinct ECM Layout ECM during Sub-structural Stage ECM during Super-structural Stage ECM System Good & Bad Practices ECM Checklist Environmental Training & Talks KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDIntroduction Of Kienta KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD Industrial KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDCompany Profile + Established in 1975 X. ab. ib. och BGA GCA + Paid Up Capital - $30,000,000 + Achieved BCA-PSB ISO 9002 Certification in 1996, ISO 14001 Certification in 1999 & OHSAS 18001 in 2001 + BCA registered in A1 category for Building Works & B2 category for Civil Engineering Works KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD BCA Awards *Best Buildable Design Award 2002 for Design & Build at Sengkang N1C25 Construction Excellence Award 2001 for Design & Build at Jurong West N6C3 *Best Buildable Design Award 2000 at Sengkang N1C12 KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDHDB Awards Quality Award for Yr 2000 Quality Award for Yr 2006 Quality Award for Yr 2008 Quality Award for Yr 2009 Best Housekeeping Award for Yr 2008 Best Housekeeping Award for Yr 2009 KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD Current Projects HDB Lift Upgrading Projects (LUP) *Sims Drive LUP (D&B) +Toa Payoh Central LUP / HIP (D&B) *LUP G1A (D&B) *LUP / HIP G2B (D&B) +LUP G5A (D&B) *LUP G7A (D&B) KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDCurrent Projects New Building Projects “HDB RC 27 @ Geylang Serai «Proposed Ibis Hotel @ Novena (D&B) *Seletar Army Camp (D&B) KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD Corporate Culture Innovative Solution Safe EnvironmentD&B LUP G1A Precinct KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD Hl UPGRADED LIFT NEW LIFT SERANGOON CENTRAL DRIVE PRECINC' iECM System KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD ECM SYSTEM @ G1A Precincts + Designed by QECP & clearance obtained from PUB ; - ECM System consists of the following a. Water Treatment System b. Storage tank to be used as collection point for treatment before discharge. c. Temporary cut-off drains to be constructedECM IMPLEMENTATION ON SITE EXISTING BUILDING KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD ECM IMPLEMENTATION ON SITE - Proposed Outlet Discharge Points + In 2 stages a. localized excavated areas b. Site discharge to PUB drains - Water collected in the temporary tank shall be mechanically treated +A secondary silt trap shall be employed right before discharge into PUB Drainage systemKIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD -ULTRA-FLO Silt Treatment Ultva-Flo? MU04-8 KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDKIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD ECM Layout New bier suoraneasss ‘TYPICAL GousTRUCTION (20m x 6 2 nos new Lite.Precinct ¢ + HDUGANG AVE 4/8KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD ECM Planning Excavation for Pie cap & Lit pit Consens coeuane | Backfting to formation ‘Cast Apron Drains & Slab Preparation works For Lit Shatt Lauaching8 Reinstatement of Cover PHASE 2: EARTHWORKS (ECM | IMPLEMENTATION) | DURATION = 2 MONTHS‘Launching Lift Shaft e PHASE 3: Tandoor te uit Gontacer | SUPERSTRUCTURAL a WORKS (ECM IN eH MAINTENANCE) veer acres | Gaeeone [ MONTHS [Hasire Yow ina Domobizaton [Fae] Preparation Stage KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDHardcore with lean concrete over the crane access entry/exit point KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD. Hardcore with lean concrete over the crane access entry/exit point KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDLaying of Vehicular Access with Milled Waste and Hard Core KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD Laying of Vehicular Access with Milled Waste and Hard Core KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDPiling Stage KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD Bared surface is covered with hardcoreSlurry discharge collected at designated tanks for off-site disposal Lift Pit Construction KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDLean Concrete on Slope for Foo! ing ConstructionTreatment of Silty Water KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD ECM Setup for Mechanical Filtration System KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDMechanical filtration System for silty water KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD Silty water will be pumped into storage tanks for treatmentProvision of treatment unit and PVC containers for the treatment of silty water KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD Discharge using Ultra-Flo Filter machine KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDDischarge of clean water KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD Silty water to be treated before discharging into open drains KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDProper Silt Trap to be constructed at the downstream drains KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD ECM during Super structural Works KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDExpose surface to be covered with plastic/canvas sheet KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD. Expose surface to be covered with plastic/canvas sheet KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDBare surfaces are covered with canvas sheets Silt fences are of 600mm height to prevent silty runoff KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD sheet KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDProtection net on the ms gratings to prevent chokage to the drain KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD Silt fence along the side of apron drain to prevent silt water and chokage to the drain. KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDEarly Construction of Entrance Porch / Apron Slab KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD Apron drain/slab to be constructed as soon as _____ the lift wall is completed _ KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDEntrance Porch Slab Constructed immediately to minimise exposed surfaces KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD Early Turfing KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDBare area turfed up as soon as possible KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD Bare area turfed up as soon as possible. Hoarding reduced to minimal.Bare area turfed up as soon as possible. Hoarding reduced to minimal. KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD Bare area turfed up as soon as possible KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDBare area turfed up as soon as possible KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD Good & Bad Practices KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDExposed bare surfaces covered with Canvas / Steel Plate / Hardcore Bare earth not protected KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDBare earth protected KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDExpose surfaceto & = be covered with (Ce iction Access is. plastic/canvas eo: sheet vered with —- Steel plate / mill waste / concrete / hardcore KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD House Drain House drain condition after was clean up heavy rain fall KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDRegular cleaning and checking regime to ensure no discharge of silty water Silt fencing along perimeter drains. Early turfing of surrounding areas planned. KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD Bare surface without any turfing KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDECM Checklist KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD EEE —— fea eomcedoy | IpowweconEnvironmental Training & Talks KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD SAFETY/ECM/HOUSEKEEPING NOTICE BOARD KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD.+ Newspaper clippings + Video Sessions + Notice Board - Briefing KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD Cup Gin PROJET Ror CeEnvironmental Training & Talks Photos KIENTA ENGINEERING KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDThank you KIENTA ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTDPG a21Ca Multifunctional High Polymer Flocculant For Water Treatment Brief Summary * PGa21Ca can instantly remove contaminants, BOD, COD etc in water and thus it can separate water from suspended solids. + In comparison with traditional water treatment agent, PG a 21Ca is the most convenient one that requires minimum technical settings but offers maximum effect.Property of PG a21Ca Type Packing : 20 k g/bag Appearance : Gray Color Powder | PGa2tCa Storage Stability : 2 Years (If not opened) Usage : Add in the same powder form Others : Hygroscopicity Safety : Nontoxic for fishes Test Name Item | Result Acute Toxicity Test of || LC50(mg/L) |>10,000 Killifish Components of PGa 21Ca Natural Mineral= * Calcium Sulfate © © * Calcium Carbonate eo ® ° ee + Sodium Carbonate o o Q @ * Aluminum Sulfate PGA Cross-Link= eta oS Polyglutamic Acid. ey erPolyglutamic Acid * Main Sticky Component of Natto (Fermented Soybean) + High Polymer that resembles fabric of nylon + Application as base of capsule, cream etc of cosmetics, drugs and food. + Itis generated from bacillus natto and as extraction of polyglutamic acid is technically very Novelty & Expected FunctionComparison of Settling Speed of Flocs Water Turbidity(SS 3000, @21Ca can imy ral ececheatetciatel ores 200 —— T Dosage u 150 : r ~~ Pac 12 ppm | b | i 100 —+ PGa2tCa | 15 ppm a i & 50 y 7 pee | oO 1 2 3 5 10 20 30 40 m ihutes oles Flocculation Image of PG a 21Ca — purities floating in water Calcium Flocculation by PGAComparison with Conventional Treatment System ur Ts Water Foocanl Feeder 7 Ochaege Ff ‘| Siting Tank 4S Tonk PAC] [panne] marae cocser | (“rete [peer ira | rece Het onea ak ESIeWTaN 1" sengtam Seay Tom Sv Snarp Towson Change of pH for flocculants added eas Tap Water (Dosage:30 ppm ee i - ——— 7.29 7 724 7.24 6 sit Before [>a] ~~ 5.16 al -O- PAC 7.29 7 5.16 “> PGa21Ca| 7.24 | 7.24 ee eee ee eee SaarDifferent Flocculants and Their Characteristics ee aatepHe nn characteriien Usable pH ‘Characteristics e ks Merits Demerit 1% = 1Z; 4. Light Flocs Aluminum a1 Chean. 2. Less Sulfate |] |Z Rian clatior | * ‘ttectve Minimum Corrosion oe is for pH above Effective pH Range eee 8 beget 4 More Exponsive Chloride 4. Better Floccutation | 2. Light Flocs | oe fi 2 ttle wewtrizer” | 3: Less Effective | | (PAC) Tor pH above 8 Effective pH Range 1. PH adjuster is not necessary 2. Bigger and Heavy Flocs | * Most PGa21Ca ] |? 6004 P detachability TT gra nigh | dewaterability | 4, Fast Flocculation Comparison of Solid Content PL Se a ET Solid Content according time passed (cc) ‘Alter 2 min | After 80 min PAC 450 180 PGo21Ca| 150 140 Flocs by PAC Flocs by PGo 21Ca (Image) After 2 min PAC (Left), PGa21Ca (Right)Extended Applications of PG a 21Ca OS * Recycling of Resources Waste Water Treatment (metal, silicon, coal etc)by Flocculation =Collection of Rare Metals + Gold + Silver + Bronze: Zinc + Platinum + Aluminum = Collection of Silicon Silicon Waste Water Evidence Nitrogen | Phosphate PH | Color | turbidity | (mg/ | (mg/ | (mg/ 1) 1) 1) | Bofore | 7.44 |” 19° | 975.5|798.0| 174 | 67.0 <20 After | 6.93 | 116.9Evidence COD [Nitrogen| Phosphate (mgi1) | (g/t) | (na!) Before | 10.44 134.0 | 28.52 | 43.8 | 0.875 pH Color atter | 7.04 | <50 | 22.99 | 31.2 | 0.065 sts Extended Applications of PGa21Ca * Others Flocculation Treatment of Waste Water that contains Toxic substances +: Removal of n-hexane | | + Removal of arsenic (Well Water in Bangladesh) |Removal of N-hexane * Vehicle Oil Evidence_ Mineral Oil Vegetable Fate | Oi! Turbidity (mg/l) (mg/l) [__ (git) Before 89 25 240 After <2 <2 7 Removal of Arsenic + Tube-Well Water in Bangladesh Evidence Color H - PIT [(0-Djs)|__ (ppm) 219.9 Before 7.48 (0.060) 0.55 Before 67.70 —pHi2 | 179 | org) | 916 PGa21Ca <50 _500ppm—pHi2 | *7-°° | (o,010)Add-up * PGo 21Ca is the only water treatment agent that is blended of polyglutamic acid. * PGa 21Ca, blended of polyglutamic acid that is still not thoroughly studied, can be variously-applied ranging from water treatment to recycling of resources.> Polyglutamic Acid Poly- Gl Gout High Purity and High Quality Polyglutamic Acid Polyglutamie Acid, main component of atioky part af “natto {fermented soybean)", is one kind of Amino Acid Polymers, Polygiutamic Acid is highly safe for ving beings and environment because ofits blodegradabilty In future, its expected to bo used In varlous feds since it has feetures tka high hydrophilicity, water retentivity and viscosity, BH Polyglutamic Acid A higit polymer is an amide binding of yamine group and molecules ‘carboxy! group of glutamic ai. coon -, Tae” “Bette Conductive display materials) ne, ‘Safty Tost ( Ganeral Reeoarch Cont’ of Japan Ol Products tnepection Association) ‘Test name eoutt Mutation tet by using rmotobe Cameatoe Negstve ‘Anaiytial Test Result (Japan Food Analysis Cater) suit ato Bacteria ‘Gum No, 20 adaptable 26 ve La lmglt) Lostmgig) 32,0004 a 4 3 PG-iM sample Experimental procedure © Pou Sewoge in the beaker. ® tn. few minutes floe occurs ond the flocculation begins Hen the precipitation @ Pour PM and ste wal, ‘Amount of deposit depends fn the cosdition of water. In cot of treatment of comamental pond, srt of 50 ecsliow — Adkepioe ® Discord the odserbed floc fom the magnet, pat (0.059/\). Incense the "Flac recovery i easier with elechomagnel omega tmount of POM gradual f fo upercanlclg to cbetotin. Ineoaze he for i amount of sewage if oo much FGM is powed Caution © PGM is harmless. No bacterickilling activity. Do not drink treated water. © Be careful in handling the magnet since it has strong magnetism power. Please make sure that there is no object that con be magnetic. Visual examination See floc recovery by mgaretc seperation Guarantee ; The material of this somple is standard quality. However, we cannot ‘avarantee any result. If our sample is defective in ony way, please let us know. We will replace it. This sample is for simulation of wastewater treatment. Take full responsibility for your final decision. We are not responsible for directly or indirectly damages and costs regarding sample use. Please be forewarned.> Magnetized Flocculant PG-M Nippos Poly-Glu Co.,Ltd. Success in Developing a New Flocculant PG-M is a flocculant of magnetic body while its main ingredient | polyglutamic acid ( biodegradable polymer ). Ditfering from ‘conventional floccutants, magnetic substances aro added to flocculants so that the flocs ( floc is @ sold form of flocoulated ‘susponded particles in water), can be collocted by gravitation of magnetic power. @ Appearance Grayish Black Powder @ Characteristics ravitate and collect foes with magnetic power: “Safety hes been confirmed by several examintions at the institutions recognized by enviroument ministry. It can be used in both sweet and salty water lis preservation, transportation and handling is easy since itis in powder form, 1 requies enough stieing before ase ste it conan ty@rephobie propsty in pat, Some flccalants may remain since some ofthe ingredients which are used io improve flocculation effec are inorgtic @ Plow Diagram of Magnetic Separation System Go 1a | ld 3 Both electric and permanent magnate are available.PGM Treatment Nev Waterpyrmanetatier aang PCM posable when meanet S| ‘Guay conta of PG-t ls ey dace tie Inti cen ups piraguanent | Nese Rody Cas tey chan anger otinaredien's | High Attetesceense se erat oped de nba dora oe secu [See ‘Scat cote ong Pe ‘i amorant'a 88 a csy ein Tete |roporion owarn o Pots god denstoatiy eee _ rt cate change and nesnum Se Meena vo : Sofety Test (Tanabe RAD Service) Arteta alba 9 tng) >200 Acute Toney Tost (Feodand Agro-medicine Safe Evaluation Canter)> Multi-Functional High Polymer Flocculant PGa21Ca Multi Functional High Polymer Flocculant PGa21Ca PGa2iCa is @ kind of flocculante that has both organle and Inorganic characteristics of focculants. It is made of organic crose-tinked polyglutamic acie and inorganic eubstances tke calcium compounds.Compared to other flocculants, it has multifunctional effects, 80 it can be used for purification of various types of contaminated and waste water @ Special Features + Fast formation of flocs and their fast precipitation (compared to our other products). ~ Can be used for a wide range of pli(i-12) of water, + Small changes in pl campared to other floceulants. Safety has been confirmed by several examinations at the institutions recognized by environment ministry. Can effectively remove heavy metals in water. Can reduce cost of sludge treatment since proportion of water in flocs is quite tow, in be used together with other flocculants, such as PAC. @ Safety Test Evaluation ost as medicine for uso in city water {Japan Food Analysts Genter) tom ‘Aluminum and ite compounds ‘itn range ‘Cadmium and We commpoune ‘Within ange Safety Tect{ Tanabo R&D Services) ‘Testitamne ftom | Result Polaon Test by gving rat Gosage tpboth mates Lom gts) > 2000 2 oral move. fea 9 Mutation Test by sing mirobo se PY Gonatic Mutation | Nolducon sete Thames tt | Bauza caraeete | ite Poison Test (Centro efety Eva ine Test name Paa2ice (20Kg) ‘Acute ony teat fl (Mitova safety datasheet is provided sxparatlyMocculants can separate water from dirt by flocculating suspended Particles of contaminated water. What is flocculant? Flocculant is @ kind of medicine used ta floceulste minute particies that cause fithiness dispersed in water and, to facilitate sottling ar tlosting of floccviated particles. The aggregate of minute particles is called flo. Clear water can bo obtsined by separating water trem sali loos, Jn contaminated water. large number of ininute particles floats lispersedly, The small particles always remain dispersed because they are charged negatively and they repulse each other, © Flocesation Process Faw Water Production of toes Precipitation of foes When PGa21Ca is added to water, flocs are formed for its two functions. ioreeie Sngredions Wf PGO2tCe = etl the fonton of gopative Payoanic ace with ie nein of Chareise sid inetste sepesing Cevbosyt gra tive grap) woke over atu patles ani Sly Ieee the eens badges ec ences the pate soul praka, Lg ‘Turi of wator gots improved when gontaminted partiles form floes and the flocs sation the bottom or float on the top of water PGo21Ca can treat all kinds of contaminated water.> Flocculating Effect of PGa21Ca We offer purification plans for all inds of contaminated water. *Poa21Ga" as a dagculant fs very effective to any Kind of ates. We, in only six years since our company revolved! over 1,700 requests for treatment contaminated | ff contaminated water, We serve cach customer very carefully andl propose solutions tomes’ needs. ‘ovising water quality, we also offer plan for Ve offer testing senvces of various eischargod walor to support our ‘customers needs, Following are some important results of water treatment conducted by our company. © Oikwater Separation (Heenan song tom 8 fy lx Oss Preface) © O-water Soparaton Bincharges wee am car ht iin Osaka Pretec) n-nexane Minera i rot) Faw Wator Raw Water 89 Teese Heesied ‘Water <2 ‘Water ‘Trbiety | Color Transpeensy] C00. | boxe (degree) | (degree) | (cearee) (maa) 20 | >100 | <5 >60 20 | soar | >100 <5© overseas we Water (nglaaeen) Pond Osaka cy) Faw Water “geted VWiater aot Pr 0.058 <001 pH Faw Water 9.65 “eats 7, ‘ater 08 eH Raw ater 67 Was? 70 pH RawWaster 7.11 Treated Wate 683 pH 675 609 © Quatty Tet Rest of Trento Water of Coal Stock Verdin Heat Poe Pant Turbicty (eegreo} Turbiaty (eesrea) ara 096 “Tarity ogres) 2755 <20 Turbiaty (ogre) olor (ay | Tea Row Water > 1,000 swemer—Disshaiged Sto Wa cote | con lphosptons cases) | angry | ima 284 ee | Tota Total Sir, | C2, tine atogen | SS cea | any PREC MNOERY | pony sia | 2 a5 | 49 a7 1000 | 796.0 67.0 wm wes) tie | ont Tot Cobr | com [Present | smack toosyes | mon | aed, Means | tn os |e or | ooDowner Asia Earth Control Measures at ER 286- Widening of CTE from AMK Ave 3 to YCK Road PROJECT DETAIL Project Title WIDENING OF CENTRAL EXPRESSWAY FROM ANG-V \ a eee VAll LU ae Transp (oy ee ote ae] rEB}Y Ay ee B K Consulting Engineers Pte. Ltd Your safety ks important to ustSite Location with Silt Fence on both sides Your safety is important fo us!Earth Control Measures Layout ‘erimeter Cut-Off Drain I with Silt Fence on both sides Pe ae weer cts [Bowner Asia Your safety Is important ust : Why ECM is required + To protect the adjacent structure and carriage ways from damage cn i : V + To prevent sera water, which will reduce the’fl ity (of Ul water ways al ollute ti ater, : | L & li fi ing pid To/p) in which i [ he-éco system and ( an aie. ‘Downer Asia Your safety is important to ust «Why ECM is required + Greater urgency andrimport a now as Singapor hastoh ate il clear cshnae cacti TSO w teL En inti la-healt sj, is | Si [Downerasia | Your safety is inportant tous! Galen (@ ECM COMMITTEE MEMBERS CHAIRMAN Mr.Lee Chung Ling waehe aril U ‘oreman | estos peli oT chet ADesign Criteria To meet the requirements cited in Regulation 4(1) of the Sewerage and Draina aie Water Drainage) Regulatio: vik je dis from the construction/ earth dl : ater oe ey Sls oe cm ae a ie i Veh urkidity ex i 7 ae per lid a © [owmerasia = Seiaaariseiele Design Criteria To cope with a minimum design rainfall intensity J of a return period of in 2 ah “ mas Ifa si ‘if has suitably sized storage Ppra (| treatment to 60 mm for evel ie ir a eof l preches ucts reat, / || 2 FA (ne I) LE year peeeltEarth control measure mplementation + No untreated water/silt to be discharge into drain + To sequence and schedule the earthworks works in stage + To mitigate site disturbance by keeping site clearance works to a minigt by retaining as such of the existing turfing i LQ I + Turf up the bare surfaces immediately fafter ear thyorki ther continuity of construction work hg mi LO + To cover earth stockpile by canvas sh¢et or erdsior gorttiol blanket | _ + Topave tp the bare es all c¢ preter crete or ° y milled wa; ia f neh terial ) + Rainylatér 1 ey nectediaf tije new diairtwill be diverted into the porigé mptal sil oes {scharge into existing drain 1oligir + 24-hrg contin iohitorinig of the concentration of total suspended solid offwatér sfallbe ‘provided at all discharge points, Jear Silt , sediment accumulation behind silt fence /inside cut-off drain a Your safety is important to us! “ Shelraccon works @ BOM works ee I CE O40 wm indenrod Your safety is important 0 ust nEstimation of Soil Erodibility Figur 1. Matai Sal ety Nomar Downer Asia Your safety is important to ust EROSION CONTROL “Gninimise bare earth surtacs) + Much easier and more cost effective to prevent erosion than to trap sediments * Earth work shall be sequenced. apd Feheduled stages and progressively to mi nn ars eaith surfaces. LO + All construction acces al b mesh | [VA ave up with (cachet ser z turt/ immediate! earthwork if a e if Bos sf ‘const n activities. + /Albar ei thal rotected with cemetitious i ‘irfing or erosion control blankets + Aled (Ockpiles shall be protected by canvas sheet or érosion control blanket. ‘Downer Asia Your safety is important to ust 1Bare Slope Protected with turfing | Your safety fs important to ust ra Work access paved with mill waste | Downer Asta | Your safety is important fo ust raBare surface protect with canvas Your safety is importent to us! 7 SEDIMENT CONTROL (Fo capture sediment) + To provide concrete lined cut off drains along the i perimeter of the construction sites, + To install silt fence properly ep nto|th _syound along the perimeter cutoff drai oF Paes Vie ra ee ety 0 ii prewree ingd cut-off drain, oi sedimentation basins along the perimeter (4 ins and before discharge into public drain. Downer Asia ] Your safety fs mportant to ust ®Temporary Drain Diversion { Bowmer sia |] Your sefoty is important ust ® Silt Fence ‘embeddod inte ground mer Asia ‘Your safety is important to us! =Silt Traps L_ silt Traps i Silt Traps ECM Technology Water Treatment Plant [Solar panel capply the ponsr te continues monitoring systom {Downer asia Your safety is important to ust 2Continuous monitoring on site TSS MONITORING CONSOLE Your safety Is important to us! 2 Total suspended solids content in water discharged to public drain shall not be greater than 50 mg P/L Your safety Is important o us! PaDischarge of water to existing drain after treatment Tver apr = FLOOD CONTROL Temporary drain shall be provided for all roadwork's to prevent flooding on the road The existing outlets shall not lobked ar he he ] | alternative drainage system] mgs Ne ool rovl All temporary drainage divetsior' re i ret __ba designed by, to erjsur ae fall z is ta fered-for 7) 7H a Psy nd tile PuatitderPerson shall be es| f ek rane all necessary measures to a on the es 4 kept flood free at all times. 2 irovat be obtained from Authorities (PUB) prior to ee of existing drains . Downer Asia Your safety Is important to ust aYour safety is important ro ustFLOODING RESPONSE TEAM LTA Contract : ER286 jBownorasia |]4) Temporary drain ‘Your safety is important us! 4 ‘Your safety is important tus! a |Regular inspection by QECPChecklist for silt fence [ Bate oF check = eee ie te TTA Seana rd Eat f of Sree pee st iv pnt | a dee it wit radian ee DB brciointaatcac sc fet a recat foment ow te bie [esttnce cupport steady? Ht no, rectify ‘Si fence fabric torn? tyes, replace ik once properly anchored? It no, rectly Follow up action and date of implementation? Your safety is portato us . Checklist for rap Date of check: Eo > naam LO ‘Installation of silt trap according to ESCP's: rege if ho] infprm GEC} ve ‘S; L - ae ie * cording to feito we jin ee Hh inerabaa replace Het it trap fabric torn? if yes, replace FEE ‘Sit trap accumulated with sediment >50% heightt? Tf yes, clear ‘Follow up action and date of implementation: _ Downer sia ‘Your safety is important to us! 1%a ile of topsoil/materials cheat — =I cv] at f 2 ae eh ee fare Feet een ost = tit ret scr aioe Ze ri aided sass codimertation? ifn rofer to ESC deals [én {| Fenow op sbi ana date oF implementations wner Asta ] Your safety is important to us! 7 ve [io [ux [check by = oH ‘ake of enec Tocation and schedule accoraino €SCHP ithe, inform acer] | ails of asin nxoring ESE Hs int nf esp ‘Concentration of effivent (outlet runoff) eG eee | Sous “ we ahi crfopapes se paaioa reser Ahram ‘against erosion? XT 90, propose w | gedlanhtaton basin alt choked? vem ear ‘Sedimentation basin outlet choked? Kyes, lear “Zadimontaton Rasin inlet /eut scouring problem? 1 yes, inform QECP Follow up action and date of implamontation: [ Downer asia Your safety is important to us!Checklist for Perimeter cut off drain =— rll a ued no infor Gee | ~ errr sea rom [Lento artsy! A { Py jan} of adequate capacity (Je. flooding)? Hf yes, inform QECP ipstructing dabris or sediment Blocking drain? If yes, clear bok fow up action and date of implomantation? Your safety is important to us! 2 Checklist for Stabilization through laying milled waste, lean concreting, installing erosion control blanket or ve ver [wo [Na Chede by Date ofched ‘Location according t ESCP ached al ieee wi 7 ‘ppp lal fr ie Diabte areas? yes, repair C Chap dina oan maT ow —F any sgna of damage Tor vention seas? Hye Feiant or Fence with | IAGbC rents p and date of feplementation: | Your safety is inportant tous!Checklist for Wheel wash areas, entry/exit points Yer [he [WA | Oreck by? Date of check FX at? ' LA ITT ‘ston aecoraing na ESP scale? nongrt get | | 1 E nee espe eer fi rola T lt Mra ce spied) eas? iF ves, renal 7 Ce is fen sp wah ene) salt ca wa investigate and Inform GECP ( \ Txt signs of sediment epi irom tnese areas into public domain? yes, Folow up action and date of implementation: Downerasia | Your safety is important to us! Checklist for Chemical/mechanical coagulation systems Yes” [tio [WA] Cheeky Date of checker { T t T SS SSE { a tr ial ada ito drater a BE aha n (coripared against O&M manual or fmatlon aveniyESCPY? Smo, tform QECP vt op acoh and date of implementations Your safety is important to us!Downer Asia Your safety is important fo ust NU (2) " ‘Phank You (Downer asia Your safety is important o us!THE FORMATION OF SECA + August 2006 - Discussions with PUB* To promote | RatioPROPOSED ACTIVITIES Collect :& disseminate information on best ECM on worksites. PUB CLASSIFICATION + Chemical Treatment, U * Memibrane ‘reatment Units: TSS Online Monitoring Systems Instrumentation SRO nel NIGIC AbacusCorp } ABACUS ABACUS CORPORATION PTE LTD. ae Cece at Pecans enteene ey tive 130 years old MNC etna PS eC dies an or tonnes ile matting and Abacus silt fen Cre tea elnacen HONE STNE Cai eetSone Neccanyet: rental seivices for yore AAP Gaston IVOuier ntsc cuesPA WATETECH PA Waterlech Pie Ltd, a.sul eye) eat Water Solutions Ld; manuibietutes one of the ml simplest and most coxt étteetive physio-chem ical Soagulation processing Roe ed aSCOTT VICKERS OTT VIGKERS PTB LTD™ Rieti nergy enroute Ea RL, ee fetes ines to: ‘ i rayon eae u Hej esterases ties Coe UNS Looe 118) er oe Wee ae oni su Si SHECEY. evo shat ON ere UP aceon Ste ea ome uN nonty Peso iteg no icliog ele io ovr niente Genome unsere Resting one otc ce) Unt relia: icin IAG oe enc Nierinonroeetcctine iste intenRies esac =u Reesea rut emia renee i tein trae meine Streets ne cine sien Mietegect! g51|p) Vie BUSU 1D) 2ixG BIA (Cr V ESS Rotman een ean Tench ee et ee rae ar mice te teu arora tere lan ene Minion umaniendcs Neen Siiuapore =WALLTAG WALL TAG PIE-LTD is an active partner in Erosion and Silt Control materials and sysiems Our extensive ling of onvitonmontal prdduicts includes WITCO WITCO ENVIROTECH PTE 1/1D provides botlt + Physical/Chemical Silt Wreatment Plant + Membrane Ultrafiltration Silt Treatment Plan AUS Dene cos ste tamen yen Beatie tue tat eters.oor | ae : fea iss Pore steve ne Monitor ng Solution See ae oer ery ct A er stn eae Sen rnenet ives eta Rene iets ae ack: Rear‘Our Services (Reaktine Slope ontoring 4, f Ground tvestigation Resttme Gsotechnlos! (Geotech |} Sot _ GooMonitoring |... nstrimentation t Ievo-Pitng . J Roshtime Tanne! monitoring / | GPR Etecticat maging | Realtime Briige Montoring . Restiime Dam ontonna _/ ‘ Gaotechoical sensors and Systeme, Goophysicat sensors ana ¢ {Tremor montoring Systems ¢ . eo yst |__| Vibration Monitoring Systeme GeoProducts GeoSystems —j--- Geotechmeal ontoring systems | 7 Sonaitve Equipment entering, | Systeme system Floor Optical sensors and Systeme Moone t ALL PRECEDING COMPANIES ARE CORPORATE MEMBER:| SINGAPORE EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATIONOptimum Aggregate Filtration for Treatment of Construction Site Runoff dowd ‘Team Members:Neo Wei Yi $10049398J Nicholas Hang Bao Han © $10050000C cee Gan a Xian $10047310E eR Introduction Rapid development has led to many new construction sites if rain flow over the construction sites it carries eroded soil materials away Silt concentration in these runoff can range from 10,000mg/L to 40,000mg/L © wows pub.gov.sg/ECMPUB Code of Practice EF a. SX < linked to PUB's network to alert - er them if the construction site discharge contains more than 50mg/I of TSS concentration Continuing offence: thereof during which the offence conti www pub gov.sg/ECM Earth Control Measures Under COP by PUB, Earth Control Measures (ECM) | are implemented to reduce the amount of silt loading in the construction site’s discharge. ECM stages: 1. Erosion control measures 2, Sediment-control measuresSediment Control Measures Aim: Reduce silt loading in runoffs before discharge into the public watercourse Containment: Perimeter cut-off drains to prevent accidental discharge into adjacent properties Treatment: *Silt Fence _ «Silt Trap Silt Trap Utilizes principle of filtration to remove silt in runoff, by trapping sediments while allowing water to past through. Geotextile membrane + section of aggregates Thus, effluent should contain a lower concentration of silt.Geotextiles Permeable fabrics made from synthetic materials serves as a filter ina silt trap Perimeter Cut-off Drain silt Fence silt Trap Water Treatment Plant “www. pub.gov.sg/ECMSignificance of Study Problems with existing silt trap design in PUB COP: : aR : _Objectives: 1. To find the optimum size of aggregates (mm) 2. To find the optimum thickness of the aggregates section 3. To find the optimum geotextile material (woven or non-woven)Methodology ) po a | Silttrap prototype — | »| | model as in PUB COP is | Impaler ~| 1 scaleddownby2.5 | eS cs Feed Tank Sit Trap Modellimpetter Prototype Model Silt Trap Model —cage See eae Ws.cage 1Beage tReage 3 cage ord 3eage “We cose 173 cageGeotextile Woven Geotextile TenCate Mirafi Fw402 This geotextile is made from high- - tenacity monofilament polypropylene yards Geotextile Non-woven geotextile TenCate Polyfelt TS20 TenCate Polyfelt TS10 Mechanically bonded with continuous-filament nonwovens made from UV- stabilized polypropyleneExperimental Runs Aggregates Purchased aggregates ranged from 1mm to 40mm size in diameter | Aggregates were sieved to be categorized into various size ranges:Excavated Soil Sample Collection * From LTA’s Beauty World MRT construction site Chosen as site was undergoing excavation works as well as its accessibility. Soil Sample Collection * Soil of interest were within range of 3 to 10m as they were the most easily carried away and eroded by rain. Top soil 8 eee 7 Sand and siltExperimental Run Weigh required soil Prepare 70L feedwater (Artificial surface runoff)Wrap geotextile and fill aggregates cage Experimental Run3. Collect product samples 1. Collect initial feed water sample Measure TSS concentration of surface runoff samples before and after treatment Standard method for. —“examination of water and wastewaterAggregates are being washed manually on vegetated ground Wash & dry silt trap prototype and aggregates after each experimental run ObservationsMechanisms of Removal Physical trapping by aggregates —£8°_____ Trapping by ! | BBeregates Aggregates Aggregates. < influent neal Mechanisms of Removal Adhesion on aggregates Adhesion on aggregates Aggregates aggregates“ Sediments agMechanisms of Removal Retention on geotextile ——S%____ Retention on geotextile Geotentile ih a traps S@diments Mechanisms of Removal Sedimentation (ic Big ne | sediments settleon.bottom of the | during detentionMechanisms of Removal Sedimentation Slower flow of feed water Increased sedimentation Thank YouTropical Turfgrass Site Establishment and Maintenance Kenneth Marcum Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology CUGE Vision To be a Regional Centre for advancing and sharing knowledge and expertise in urban greenery and ecology to enhance urban living environment.CUGE Divisions + Programme Office + Career Centre + International Marketing + Research & Development + Urban Design, Greenery & Ecology Research Intended Usage Governs Turfgrass Establishment and Management Protocols m Initial questions to ask: = What are your quality requirements? » What are the intended uses? «= What is your maintenance budget?Low Maintenance = Use on roadsides, land stabilization = Mowed biweekly to monthly = No (or minimal) fertilizer = No irrigation « No disease/insect control » No cultivation Medium Maintenance = Use on home lawns, cemeteries, schools, parks, most landscapes » Mowed 1x per week Fertiized 2-4x per year = Watered infrequently, or at onset of drought = Lille diseaserinseet control » Usually no cultivation (perhaps vertical mowing, rarely aerification)High Maintenance = Use on GC fairways, high-end sports fields and landscapes = Mowed 2-3x per week « Fertilized monthly = Cultivation: * Vertical mowing 1x annually « Aerification (spiking and coring) = Inigation Very High Maintenance m Use on GC greens, fag bowling greens = Mowed daily at <1/4" = Optimum fertilization = Spoon feeding, micronutrient sprays- every 2-3 weeks «= Preventive fungicides » Cultivation: Aerification - coring, topdressing, grooming, slicing, spiking (quadratine, SSeS hydroject), rollingSelect Management Intensity to Suit Turf Use = Optimum management depends on: « Selecting species & cultivar adapted to climate, management, and intended use « Proper establishment & soil preparation = Optimal cultural practices «= Pest control et al. problems — minimized when the other 3 are in place = Dense, fibrous root system = tons/acre = Increases soil organic matter = Soil benefits = Environmental benefits — carbon sequestrationTurfgrass Growth Characteristics = Dense leaf canopy « turf can average a billion or more shoots/acre = These characteristics result in unique benefits > Turfgrass Environmental Benefits = Soil benefits » Nutrient and water holding capacity » Improved fertility » Soil structure = Drainage and aeration = Compaction resistance » Pesticide & nutrient scavenger and degrader - rhizosphere 6Turfgrass Environmenta’ pose ee eee ee ee = Shoot benefits = Reduced runoff and soil ‘erosion » ET cooling ~ temperature modification «= Best athletic surface = Resilience ~ springing back from impact = Cushion, padding « Shearing ~ lateral tear ~ knee injuries = Absorption of air pollution and particulates Benefits Turfgrass Environmental Benefits | “aw Iinproves aesthetics se sf and property values = Wildlife habitat — provides corridors for wildlife movementTurfgrass Environmental Concerns = Destruction or modification of natural ecosystem = Loss of native species = Contaminant runofffleaching (pesticides, fertilizers) = High value turf = Home lawns (lack of home-owner expertise) = Excess water use = Public image of golf and the environment Turf Establishment — Preparing the Site= A poorly prepared site will always have problems, and require higher levels of maintenance ™ poor drainage = compaction » weeds & diseases * poor quality turf Weed Control = Eliminate Perennial grasses and nutsedge prior to planting = Glyphosate » 2.3 application cycles (6 weeks each) « Fumigation (sterilization) = Expensive, restricted 9Soil testing = Nutrients, texture, pH, salinity = Muitiple sites ™ composite sampling = include different soil types in separate samples = Budget in time for results to come back {at least 1 month) Grading Pe rece = |f grading or subsurface tile drainage required, remove & store topsoil » Sublayers must follow grade of surface « If grading is not necessary, topsoil can be cultivated without moving = Remove large rocks, concrete, wood, etc. » Poor drainage, shallow rooting, drought stress, cultivation probs 4 10Grading = Remove undecayed O.M. (wood, etc.) «= Fairy rings, chlorotic areas due to fungi « Remove grass sod ™ Anaerobic layer — disease & drainage = Use mature compost «= N deficiency Grading |e = Protect saved trees from heavy equipment Wrap trunk = Minimize traffic compaction within dripline = Establish subgrade * Subgrade must conform to same contour as finished grade + Avwaye slope away from foundations = Minimum slope 1%, max. 20% {if Over 20%, bul retaining walls) + Athetle fees may be crowned = Greens sloped in 2 directions away from centre HWGrading = Typical construction site problems « Finished grade sloped, but not subgrade - water collects, or drains back to foundation = Topsoil loosely mixed, or overlain with excavated subsoil — layering = Buried debris — poor drainage, diseases = Install Subsurface drains if required = 10-15 cm (4-6") perforated pipe, 40-60 cm (18-24") from final soil surface, 5-20 m (15-60') apart = Herringbone or gridiron = Cover perforations with geotextile «= Surround pipe with coarse gravel intrench = Prepare Topsoil = Amend topsoil offsite = Thorough mixing avoids layering = Add Sand? + Need atleast 50% to improve drainage) «= Organic matter amendment (2-5%) « Iimproves structure + Coarse peat moss best, expensive + Other organics O.K, if thoroughly composted » Add fertilizer following soil test + Generally high P = Mix topsoil, Replace = Final grade = Smooth/roll seedbedSoil Characteristics X10 Soil Texture wo 0 0 ACS ao Triangle = Texture — % sand, silt, clay = Sand — 0.05 — 2.00 mm diameter nae « “Coarse textured soils” QRS = Silt - 0.002 - 0.05 eee mm diam. bay = Loam-type soils = Clay - <0.002 mm diam. «= “Fine textured soils® Soil Characteristics = Porosity — total amount of air spaces = Macropores = Macroscopic » Gas & waler movement » Oxygen exchange ~ rooting + Infitration — water movement into soil * Infiltration rate (inches/tn) ¥ Drainage (percolation rate) = Pure sand essentially all macropores « Finer textured soils rely on soil structure for macropores (otherwise essentially all micropores)Soil Characteristics * Soil structure — individual soil particles bind together to create soil aggregates © Bound by organic humates and healthy soil microflora (aerobic) » Aggregates are destroyed by Soll compaction = Trafic during wet 1 Sodicly and bicarbonates Soil Characteristics = Porosity — total amount of air spaces = Micropores (capillary) = Microscopic = Capillary or hygroscopic — strong adhesive forces present = Water holding capacity = Sands have litle water holding capacity 1 Clays hold several times more water than sands, TER APPLED MINCHESSoil Compaction = Compaction, caused by traffic is the #1 problem in sports turf = Main effect of traffic in killing turf is compaction, not wear « Soil structure lost during compaction = Macropores lost, gas exchange lost (no 02 to roots) . = Compaction effects on Soil Compaction turfgrasses: » Waterlogging — anaerobic «= Loss of rooting » Reduced water and nutrient uptake « Weakened plants, susceptible to environmental stresses and pests = Compaction-resistant weeds (goosegrass, knotweed, etc)Soil Compaction = Compaction effects on turfgrasses: = Waterlogging ~ anaerobic = Loss of rooting » Reduced water and nutrient uptake = Weakened plants, susceptible to environmental stresses and pests = Compaction-resistant weeds (goosegrass, knotweed, etc) = How do you know when compaction is (gradually) occurring: » Monitor soil changes in: + Bulk density (lab) + Hydraulic conductivity = PenetrometerSoil Compaction = Reduce compaction by: = Controlling traffic ® Avoid traffic on wet soil * Irrigation timing » Surface and subsurface drainage - poorly drained soils, high use areas « Aertify - core cultivation « Recyeling organic matter 4 — return clippings = Soil amendments Amending Soil = Sand? - Need high % (>50%) to increase macropores of most soils — » Instead, use organic matter to develop better structure » Leave clippings = Avoid layering of different textures in soil profile - restricts water movement « Finer textured layer holds water — capillary force » Water saturated zone excludes air » Soil is compacted in wet zone # Black layer - zone of water accumufation, due to layering + Lak of 02 ests in black clr edced 08 (Lox)Amending Soil For very high traffic areas (golf Greens, premium athletic fields) a sand Toot zone is necessary to avoid compaction = Sand disadvantages - high maintenance needed ‘Little nutrient or water holding capacity frequent watering and frtizing {spoen teeing) 1 Increased danger of pesticide and fertilizer leaching Alternate Greens = “Push-up green” » Native soil mounded to make green » Drainage pipes may have been installed = California profile green 16" sand root zone » No gravel layer ® Drainage pipes in trenches surrounded by gravelU.S.G.A. Green = 30 cm sand root zone = 5. cm intermediate —-—_~ (choker) layer = Choker layer sometimes eliminated for cost concerns = 10 cm drainage layer, = Drainage pipes in trenches surrounded by gravel Building the U.S.G.A. Green Build subgrade Green includes collar (build to same specs ‘Same grade (including undulations) as eventual surface 40 cm below surface (no intermediate layer) - California system 45 cm - USGA system Settling ~ compact, moisten If unstable (expanding clay) - geotextile fabricBuilding the U.S.G.A. Green Install Subsurface Drains = PVC or corrugated plastic pipe, perforations down = Main lines 15 om diameter, following maximum line of fa = Laterals 10 cm diameter, 4.5 m apart, extending to green perimeter, gridiron or herringbone shape = Distance along a lateral to main no more than 3m 1 Outlet to accept anticipated drainage flow = Pipes placed in drainage trenches 6" wide, 8" deep, sloping at least 0.5% to main, lined w. 4-1" gravel Building the U.S.G.A. Green Install drainage layer = Layers must follow surface grade, or dry/wet spots will occur = Grade stakes at regular intervals : = Cover to depth of 10 cm fron: subgrade with washed pea | gravel 0.6-1.3cmdiam. ; = No soft materials (limestones, sandstones, shales)Building the U.S.G.A. Green Install Intermediate Layer = 5-10 cm deep, must conform to final surface « Within 5-7 diameters of gravel » Particle ‘bridging’ » US.G.A. lab analysis = May install ring of sheet plastic around edge of collar (prevents capillary movement of water out of green) Building the U.S.G.A. Green Install Sand Root Zone Mix [""w"Sand particle size must have correct particle size anaysis » U.S.G.A. lab analysis critical = 30 cm deep (35 cm California) = Apply moist to avoid migration into intermediate layer (USGA) = Firming (rolling) ® Finish (fine) grading = Fumigation: nematodes, nutsedge, warm season grass weedsRootzone Material Characteristics = Sand uniformity critical = Nonuniform sand shifts and seals itself = Best sand - silica (inert), round ‘+ Granite, basalt sand inferior.(not inert, angular) Coral sand unacceptable = Incorporate organic matter 2-5% Provides initial nutrient and water holding capacity = Best O.M.is coarse peat = Starter fertilizer: soil test, or % Ib 0-20-O/cubic yard = Inorganic amendments not recommended = Off-site mixing essential - must be completely uniform! Rootzone Material Characteristics fermmmeecyconcesné 392201 sang samme seh cy oe)Prescription Athletic Turf (PAT) System 1. Level playing surface (no crown) 2. Sand root zone approx. 90 cm deep U.S.G.A. specifications followed No organic amendment 3. Subsurface drain matrix, attached to water holding tanks powered by reversible pumps Prescription Athletic Turf (PAT) System 4, Root zone and drains encased in dual layered polyethylene sheeting 5. Water level (water table depth) controlled by reversible pumps 6. Soil moisture status of root system monitored by soil moisture guages at several depths -Prescription Athletic Turf (PAT) System Advantages = Precise control of rootzone water conditions Water table remains constant, even after heavy rain = Pumps rapidly remove excess water = Playing conditions maintained at all times = Compaction minimized = Water recycling = Water conservation = Reclaimed water use = Efficient use of fertilizers and pesticides = Reduced danger of leaching = Rootzone heating in cold climates——-----—-——} Planting = What to plant? A critical decision! Criteria to consider: = Turfgrass adaptation (climate, shade, water quality) = Use improved modern cultivars » Intended turfgrass use ' Maintenance level & mowing height ‘= amount of traffic = playability = Personal preference (texture, color) ™ Planting options: » Seeding = Vegetative = Sodding = Plugging *# StolonizinglopriggingPlanting = Seeding = Warm season Common bermuda = Japanese lawngrass (some) = Bahiagrass = Centipedegrass (some) = Vegetative «= Hybrid bermuda = St. Augustinegrass = Manilagrass » Seashore paspalum = Cowgrass Seeding Rate = Follow recommended rates « Too high > excess compeiition ~r damping off = % pure live seed (% PLS) = % purity x % viability = % PLS = (ib seed + % PLS) x 100 = $ilb PLS = Seed Purity » Corlfied seed - blue tag - insures that seed is true to ‘ype 10Seeding Methods = Drop fertilizer spreader = Mix seed with inert material = Most uniform distribution » Seed % rate in 2 directions = Cyclone spreader = Not as uniform = Require 30-40 % overlap » Efficient for large areas Seeding Methods = Hydromulching = Inaccessible areas = Seed, fertilize, and mulch in one operationSeeding = After seeding, cover with 0.5 — 1 cm soil (no need if hydromulched) = Depth depends on seed size » Rake lightly or = Topdress with same depth of soil = Roll lightly = Mulch « Begin germination-schedule irrigation Accelerated Germination = Pregerminated seed » Cuts germination time in half Used on sports turf when rapid reestablishment from injury a must = Soak seed underwater for 3 days, warm aerated water (bubble hose) = Change water daily = Air dry seed (spread out), mix with carrier (vermiculite) Apply with drop seeder « Primed seed = Use only 1 gal water/10 Ibs seed: no aeration, no drying = Mix with cartier, apply as above = Not as fast as pregerminated, but faster than regular seedingMulching Seeded Turf Protects Sead & seedings Prevents crust formation Reduces soil surface drying Prevents washing of seed from stoped areas Cover 50-75% of soil surface only 150% coverage, no need to remove = Too much - smothers turt Straw (2 bales (100 tbs)/1000 for 2 tonsiAcre) = Roll, water immediately Other materials used ' Fibrous mats — helpful on slopes + Remove after germination (unless diodegradable! Clear poly - for low temp, soils, remove after germVegetative Planting a Sodding fastest establishment # Stolonizing + « Sprigging \ = Plugging slowest Sodding = Most rapid ‘+ Spots Lr: 4-8 weeks before play = Most expensive (5 to 7x cost of seeding) = Quality sod is: ‘= Pure cular ‘Pest free (esp. perennial weeds) Thatch froe Thin (2172 sot 1 establehos acer 1 toss sot ayerng = Washed sod ~ sand areas (areers) = = Plastic sheet sod. maid Thin ayer (= 1") of sand or organic mulch used for seedbed = Golf course sod nursery Grown on same seedbed mix found on golf course, used to replace injured turt = Plant within 24 hrs, 48 hrs max ‘+ Without reigeration respiratory healing & dessicaton Kis tut lishmentStolonizing = Broadcasting sprigs = Sprigs are stolons &/or rhizomes, usually vertical mower clippings = Topdress with soil 0.6 cm, roll = Rate: 5-10 bushels/1000 ft? = Do in small sections to avoid sprig dessication = Hydrostolonizing Sprigging «= Plant sprigs in rows, 15-30 cm apart = Leaving sprigs partly exposed (stick in soil) = Saves on sprigs (1-4 bushels sprigs/1000 ft?) = Slower establishment, than stolonizing, but cheaperPlugging = 5m diameter plugs on 30 cm centers = Roll 2 weeks after planting (plugs float) = Subsequent topdressing necessary if soil washes away = Lawn conversion (ex. Ky. Blue orryeto zoysiagrass) Grow-In Care = Plant into moist (not wet) soil = Water often - keep soil surface moist = 3xiday - seeding, sprigging, or stolonizing = 2xiday-- plugging = Ixiday - sodding As turf develops, irrigate less frequently, more deeply » Fertilize with N (1/4 kg N/100 sq m) 2 weeks after emergence, irrigate immediately = Mow early - soon after it reaches final desired height + Sharp, adjusted mower, dry soil surface - to avoid pulling up grass (fotery mower best at frst) # No herbicides for 2 months - mowing kills many weeds = Avoid all traffic coe