NCB ABSTRACTS

JULY 2015

From the desk of Director General

I have great pleasure in presenting this first e-issue of NCB Abstracts.

The abstracting services have always been of great help to technologists, con-
sultants, professionals, academicians and researchers all alike by way of providing the
central idea of most of the contemporary publications in a small volume. An abstract pre-
pared by an experienced professional gives you a fair idea not only about the research
work/ technical work, reported, but also about its adoptability in a particular industrial en-
vironment.

In the present era of information boom, the large number of articles published
itself makes it very difficult even for an ardent reader to follow all important publications
even in a narrowed down specialization. This makes the role of abstracting services even
more significant.

NCB Abstracts aim at providing this valuable service in the area of cement, con-
crete, building materials and construction technology. The objective is to achieve the goal
in sharing knowledge with industry and the whole community in cement and construction
sector. We believe this new initiative is one of the mode of sharing the technical develop-
ments and strengthening the relationship.

We shall welcome your observations, suggestions, comments and feedback for

further improving the quality of this service.

I Hope you will find the information useful.

Ashwani Pahuja
Director General

NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR CEMENT AND BUILDING MATERIALS

34 KM STONE, DELHI-MATHURA ROAD, BALLABGARH-121004, HARYANA. INDIA

Ph- 91-129-4192222 / 2242051 Fax- 2242100, 2246175 E-mail- nccbm@ncbindia.com
Website: http://www.ncbindia.com
 NCB ABSTRACTS

Highlights of NCB’s Recent Services

Cement Research and Independent Testing

♦ Feasibility study for the use of jarosite in cement manufacture.
♦ Establishing limestone consumption factor of cement plants.
♦ Investigations on utilization of by product sand in the manufac-
ture of cement.
♦ Utilization of copper granulated slag from Indian Copper Com-
plex, Ghatshila, Jharkhand, in a cement industry
♦ Expert services for verification of the rock strata encountered
during the execution of the under ground drainage scheme. Inside
Mining, Environment, Plant Engineering and Operation
♦ Energy audit in cement plants including captive power plants,
heat & gas balance of kiln, optimization of kiln & grinding mills. Abstracts of the following Research Papers/ Articles
♦ Mandatory energy audit under Bureau of Energy Efficiency in
cement plants. ♦ Cementitious and Pozzolanic Behaviour of Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slags.
♦ Techno-Economic Feasibility Studies for setting up WHRS at a ♦Early Hydration of Hybrid Cement Containing High Coal Bottom Ash.
cement plant in East Africa. ♦Natural, Modified and Saturated Zeolites as Additives in Portland Cement.
♦ Techno-Economic Feasibility Studies for setting up a million
♦Potentials to Reduce CO2 Emissions When Producing Hydraulic Binders.
tonne per annum clinkerization unit and grinding units in East
Africa. ♦Ultrafine Cement Production by Top-Down Nanotechnology.
♦ Development of Comprehensive Industry Document (COINDS) ♦Dealing With Natural Variation.
and Environmental Standards for Cement Industry. ♦Mercury Emissions from Cement Industry.
♦ Study on effect of mining on Salinity Intrusion, Ground Water ♦Co-Processing of Hazardous Waste as Alternate Fuels and Raw Materials in
Level /Quality, AAQ and Land Use Pattern of a limestone and Cement Industry – Case Study.
Clay Mine. ♦Co-processing of Alternate Fuels.
♦ Techno-Economic Viability Study of cement mill venting system.
♦The Oxycombustion Option.
♦ Feasibility report for using plastic waste in cement kiln.
♦More Clinker Ring Issues.
♦ Diagnostic study for Minimizing coating formation in kiln.
♦Microstructure, Morphology and Grindability of Indian Clinkers at a Glance
♦ Preparation of TEFR for modernization of a packing plant.
Quality Management, Standards and Calibration Services
♦ Comparison of Methods for Establishing Confidence Limits and Expanded
Uncertainties.
♦ Assistance in NABL accreditation at a cement plant.
♦ Experimental Investigation of Bacterial Concrete to Improve Compressive
♦ Assessment of quality assurance system and quality control
Strength: A Microbiology and Civil Engineering Approach .
laboratory at a cement plant.
♦ Training Workshop (2-day) on laboratory management system
♦ Fatigue Flexural Behaviour of Corroded RC Beams Strengthened with CFRP
and internal audit as per ISO/IEC 17025 at a Thermal Power Sheets.
Station. ♦ Performance of Self-curing Concrete at Elevated Temperature.
♦ Training Workshop (4days) on laboratory management system ♦ Use of Recycled Aggregate in Granular Sub Base.
and internal audit as per ISO/IEC 17025 at a cement Plant. ♦ Effect of Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coating and Rib Geometry on the Bond
♦ Calibration of material weighing scales at three RMC plants. Strength of Reinforced Concrete.
Construction Development and Research ♦ Durable Concrete with Modern Air-Entraining Admixtures.
♦ Petrographic, Mineralogical Analysis and Alkali Aggregate Reac-
♦ Durability Indices for Concretes with Different Dosage of Mineral Admix-
tion (AAR) studies of aggregates for various projects of NTPC,
NHPC and for M/s Promac Engineering Industries Limited, Banga-
tures.
lore for Thermal Power Plant at Sendou, Dakar, Senegal (West ♦ Durability of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with CFRP Sheets –
Africa). Long term Exposure Testing in an Aggressive Environment
♦ Evaluation of Concrete Making Materials, Chemical Admixture
and Concrete Mix Design for Thermal & Hydroelectric Power
Projects and for various important structures of CPWD, PWD,
DDA, Delhi Jal Board, DSIDC etc.
♦ Condition Assessment, Distress Evaluation, Repair and Rehabili-
tation of Turbo Generator Foundation, dam structure, cooling
towers, bridges and flyovers, residential, commercial and indus-
trial buildings of NTPC, DDA, NIC, HUDA, RBI, BHEL, NBCC etc.
♦ Third Party Quality Assurance/Audit (TPQA) carried out for
roads, flyovers, residential, commercial and institutional build- 14th NCB International Seminar
ings, canal lining etc. for PWD, MCD, DDA, DUSIB, SSNL, APMC-
Gujarat etc. on Cement and Building Materials
♦ Development of Alternate Technology for manufacture of & Technical Exhibition
prestresssed concrete poles using PPC for different temperature
and RH condition. ( 01-
01-04 December 2015, New Delhi )
♦ Performance evaluation of Evocrete-URCC as an additive in con-
crete making.

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 NCB ABSTRACTS

Cementitious and Pozzolanic Behaviour of Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slags

Luckman Muhmood, Satish Vitta and D. Venkateswaran
Cement and Concrete Research, 39 (2009), 102-109

Key Words: Electric Arc Furnace Slag, BF Slag, Pozzolanic Reactivity, Blended Cement, Compressive Strength
Abstracted by: S K AGARWAL

ABSTRACT

The paper presents the cementitious and pozzolanic behavior of untreated and treated electric arc furnace steel slag. The untreated slag was
completely crystalline in nature with monticellite as predominant mineral phase whereas treated slag after re-melting and water quenching
showed improved hydraulic property with merwinite as major mineral phase. The pozzolanic reactivity of the electric arc furnace slag was found
to be significantly increased from 2.0 MPa determined for untreated slag to 8.0 MPa for treated slag. The 28-days compressive strength of
blended cement sample prepared by substituting 20% granulated BF slag with untreated electric arc furnace slag was found to be 58 MPa as com-
pared to 58.6 MPa corresponding to control cement prepared using 50% granulated BF slag whereas cement containing 20% treated electric arc
furnace slag showed marginal improvement in strength with the value of 61 MPa at 28 days and has a potential for further enhancement in
strength beyond 28 days. In case of cement mix prepared without granulated BF slag addition, substitution of 15% OPC clinker with treated elec-
tric arc furnace slag resulted in comparable strength development at 28 days with marginal reduction at early ages. The gain in strength in pres-
ence of treated electric arc furnace slag could be attributed to hydration behavior of merwinite phase similar to tri- and di- calcium silicates and
forms gel like tobermorite phase.

Early Hydration of Hybrid Cement Containing High Coal Bottom Ash

Ahmadreza Sedaghat*, Manoj K. Ram, A. Zayed, Rajeev Kamal, Natallia Shanahan ,Shane Donatello,
Olga Maltseva, Ana Fernandez-Jimenez, and Angel Palomo
Journal: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 97, 3, 929–937, 2014

Keywords: Hydration, Hybrid Cement, Coal Bottom Ash and Reaction Chemistry, Ceramic Particles, Composite Materials, Gra-
phene, Electrical and Thermal Conductivity
Abstracted by: Dr. Asok Kr Dikshit
ABSTRACT

Portland cement (PC) is blended with supplementary cementitious materials with the aim of producing a lower cost and lower environmental
impact binder. The use of 10% PC for silica fume can greatly increase early hydration rates and compressive strengths. Similarly, the replacement
of PC with coal fly ash can reduce early strength development, but generally has little effect on the mixing water requirement.

Coal fly ash can be large variations in characteristics depending on the type of coal burned. The good quality of fly ash is in demand in the cement
industry due to its ability to substitute PC in blended cements and also bottom ash coal, as it is coarser nature, and a low value byproduct that
may at best be used as a partial replacement for aggregates in concretes or as geotechnical fill material.

The complex hydration chemistry of a hybrid alkaline cement containing a high content of coal bottom ash (BA) (>70%) and a low content of port-
land cement clinker in the presence of an alkaline activator was studied. The use of a water reducing additive was found to significantly delay the
overall hydration process, allowing an opportunity to more clearly distinguish the hydration reactions that take place. It was observed that both
the cement clinker phases and the ash glassy phases are highly reactive for the first 3 d of hydration. The formation of portlandite and gypsum in-
situ were noticed to be metastable and had disappeared within 3 d of hydration. Whereas Ettringite formation was in the hybrid system. SEM-
EDX and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) showed that the development of three different gel bond environments, tentatively attributed to C–
(A)–S–H, C–A–S–H, and (N,C)–A–S–H type gels. Such alkali activated hybrid cement can be considered as containing coal bottom ash elements and
of normal PC hydration.

Glimpses of 13th NCB International Seminar on Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi. 2013

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 NCB ABSTRACTS

Natural, Modified and Saturated Zeolites as Additives in Portland Cement

Živko Sekulic, Milan Kragovic, Božo Kolonja, Anja Terzić and Slavica Mihajlović
ZKG International, Issue 12, 2014, p. 49-56

Key Words: zeolite, SO3 content, setting time, compressive strength.

Abstracted by: S K AGARWAL
ABSTRACT

Blending of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) or pozzolans with OPC is one of the most widespread developments in cement manu-
facture to maintain environmental sustainability and improved durability. Studies reported on the use of up to 30% natural zeolite as an addition
to Portland cement (PC) led to the cost reduction of obtained pozzolanic cement.

In present paper, natural zeolite (labeled as Z), Fe (III)-modified zeolite (FeZ), zeolite saturated with Pb ions (PbZ) and zeolite saturated with Pb
ions obtained from the zeolite FeZ (FePbZ) were investigated as SCM in PC. In order to find the level of applicability of above zeolites individually,
different cement blends were prepared and studied after incorporating 10, 30 and 50 wt.% zeolites in PC. The chemical analysis of all zeolite
mixed PC samples indicated SO3 content in the range of 1.58 to 3.40% and hence fulfilled the requirement of Republic of Serbia (≤3.5%). Resul-
tant cements prepared with 10 & 30% PbZ and 10 & 30% FePbZ were found to meet the requirement of LOI≤5%.

The fineness of all zeolite mixed PC was few times higher than the fineness of control PC. Standard consistency of all above resultant cements
was in the range of 34.8-44.0% as compared to control cement (29.0%). Requirement regarding the beginning and the end of setting period was
fulfilled by all investigated PCs. The shortest setting time was noticed for PC containing 30% Z (80/100 min) and longest for cement mixed with
30% PbZ (270/340 min) as compared to control (220/270 min). The compressive strength of all resultant cements were decreasing with increas-
ing contents of zeolite at all ages of 2, 7 and 28-days with maximum reduction in strength was noticed at 2-days. Since, the values of 28-days
compressive strength with 30% of additives were in the rang of 52.7 to 58.3 MPa in comparison to minimum requirement of 42.5 MPa, all above
zeolites can be used as an additive for PC in the quantity of up to 30 wt%.

Potentials to Reduce CO2 Emissions When Producing Hydraulic Binders

Prof. M. Fridrichova*, K. Dvorak*, D. Gazdic*, J. Gemrich#, T. Stanek ^
*Brno University of Technology, #Research Institute of Binding Materials, Prague Ltd,
^Resaerch Institute of Building Material, Bro, Czech Republic
Cement International, Vol 4, Pg 76 – 84, 2014

Keywords : FBC Ash, Cement, hydraulic binders

Abstracted by: Dr. Varsha Liju
ABSTRACT

Limestone is the source of CO2 emissions during the burning of Portland clinker. Replacement of limestone by a raw material in which
calcium ion is combined with anion other than carbonate will reduce the CO2 emission. FBC (Fluidized Bed Combustion) fly ash is one such poten-
tial raw material, in which the CaO is combined with sulphate ie CaSO4. In this study attempts are made to reduce the CO2 emissions directly dur-
ing clinker burn out utilizing FBC fly ash.

FBC fly ash containing approximately 20% CaO content was used to replace limestone with high lime content in the raw mix. A two com-
ponent raw mix consisting of 29.28% ash and 70.72% limestone was prepared and burnt between 1250º to 1450º C at residence time of 1 to 5
hrs to prepare clinker. The clinker so formed confirmed the usage of CaO of CaSO4 for the formation of clinker mineral. The thermal energy under
the burning regime of 1250/5 was reported to be sufficient for the perfect creation of all clinker mineral.
The sample burnt under the burning regime of 1250/5 showed the presence of Klein complex, 4CaO.3Al2O3.SO3 (Calcium sulphoalumi-
nate) and thus lower C3A. At higher temperatures absence of calcium sulphoaluminate phase was noticed and thus Al2O3 was utilized in the for-
mation of C3A and C4AF. The clinker had sufficient alite but during harder burning regime (1350 and 1450°C) the content of C3S gradually in-
creased whereas C2S and free lime content lowered.

The clinker burnt at the burning regimes of 1250/5 gave compressive strength of 60MPa. The high compressive strength of clinker burnt
at 1250ºC is due to the presence of Klein complex resulting in C-A-F phase which supported sintering and there by significant formation of belite
and alite. Also the silicate phases were well dispersed leading to high free internal energy content and thus perfect reactivity. As the temperature
enhances to 1350ºC the strength decreases to 48 MPa. This may be due to the fact that Klein complex starts distintegrating and the SO4ˉ anions
starts substituting Si tetrahedron in calcium silicate. At 1450ºC the strength again enhances to 53MPa due to increased alite formation.

The sulphate released from FBC fly ash do not enter into the atmosphere as SOx because they are immediately bound to alkali and
removed as alkali sulphates.

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 NCB ABSTRACTS

Ultrafine Cement Production by Top-Down Nanotechnology

Byung-Wan Jo, Sumit Chakraborty, Ki Heon Kim, and Yun Sung Lee
Journal of Nanomaterials, Volume 2014, Article ID 131627, 9 pages,http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/131627

Keywords : Cement Particle, Grinding Agent, Nanotechnology, Ultrafine cement and Smart materials
Abstracted by: Dr. Asok Kr Dikshit
ABSTRACT

To develop high performance, smart, and sustainable construction material, utilization of the ultra-fine cement in construction process would be
the promising technique. The production of the ultra-fine cement, through nanotechnology would be the encouraging practice as the nanotech-
nology is now being considered with a vision to advance our understanding and control of matter at the nanoscale towards the development of
smart, economic, and sustainable materials. It is experienced that Portland cement is one of the largest commodities consumed by our society,
but it’s potential is yet to be investigated at the micro/nanoscale level. The inclusion of the different nanoparticle in cement system exposes a
higher surface area of the cementing material for the hydration reaction. It is reported that at a particular water cement ration (W/C), the
nanoparticle embedded cement is hydrated in a faster rate as compared to that of the conventionally available cement. The fast rate of hydration
reaction leads to developing early strength in cement composite, which in turn reduces the time for the building construction. To obtain ultra fine
(submicron level) cement using physico-mechanical crushing (top-down) method, bead milling process has been adopted. The chemical composi-
tion, particle size distribution, and SEM and XRD analyses were preferred selectively to evaluate the effectiveness of the bead milling process in
production of ultra fine or submicro cement. The analyzed data is assessed that bead milling process is demonstrated to be very effective to pro-
duce the ultra fine cement of the particle size 200–300 nm, retaining the chemical phases unaffected. it was noticed that the size of the cement
particle decreases efficiently with increase in grinding time and it is optimized that the bead milling process is able to produce 90% of the cement
particle <350 nm and 50% of the cement particle < 220 nm, respectively, after 6.3 h milling without affecting the chemical phases. Production of
the ultra fine cement utilizing this method will promote the construction industries towards the development of smart and sustainable construc-
tion materials.

Dealing With Natural Variation

Arthur Harrisson, UK
International Cement Review, ICR, January 2015, Page no. 50-52

Key Words: limestone, cement, stratigraphical, natural variation

Abstracted by: Richa Mazumder
ABSTRACT

Cement clinker is made primarily from naturally-occurring raw materials, the highest proportion of which is limestone. Most limestones were
formed in a marine environment, where a variety of creatures lived and died, leaving their skeletons behind. Natural variation will always be ap-
parent in the form of stratigraphical variation in the quarry, dipping and folded strata, irregular regions of different composition in the deposit
etc. To minimize the variation, the first means is to have an accurate block model of the quarry; the second is to be able to analyze representative
samples of dug rock. Each additional raw material to a raw feed represents another potential source of variability along with the imported mate-
rials which are purchased from outside like sand, iron oxide and gypsum. It is important to regularly check that imported materials meet the
specification and to have the flexibility to reject materials which do not conform.

Mercury Emissions from Cement Industry

Roberto Renzoni et. al.
Mercury in the cement industry, CEMBUREAU – CSI, 2010

Keywords : Mercury, Minamata, MoEF, Cement Industry

Abstracted by: Anand Bohra
ABSTRACT

There is a growing level of concern about mercury emissions from cement sector. Cement Industry is the third largest source of mercury emis-
sions and emits around 9 – 10% of global anthropogenic mercury emissions. The major pathway for mercury releases from the cement industry is
via emissions to the atmosphere. Cement plants have a wide range of mercury inputs through raw materials and fuels used in the cement manu-
facturing process resulting in mercury emissions. In the coming years, the Minamata convention is expected to bring new standards for mercury
in all countries. It is necessary for cement industry to take appropriate action for mercury abatement. Mercury abatement measures in cement
industry include a careful selection and control of raw materials (limestone, clay) and fuels entering the kiln in order to reduce mercury input. In
order to avoid an undesired increase of mercury in the kiln system, the periodic purging (bleeding) of cement kiln dust from the system is an effi-
cient way to control mercury emissions. Several other mercury control techniques like adsorption on activated coke, activated carbon injection
etc. are not economically viable for cement industry.

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 NCB ABSTRACTS

Co-Processing of Hazardous Waste as Alternate Fuels and Raw Materials in

Cement Industry – Case Study
R Rajamanikam, T Baskaran and S Nagan, TNPCB
Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol 34(8), August 2014, Pp 689 – 700

Keywords : Cement plant, Co-processing, Hazardous waste, Alternate Fuel, Emissions

Abstracted by: K R Pundareeka Nath
ABSTRACT

The Cement Industry consumes a significant amount of natural resources and energy and continuously trying to improve environmental per-
formance by optimizing the use of natural resources and reducing the overall energy consumption by looking for alternate fuels & raw materials.
In India about 6.2 Million Tonnes of hazardous waste is generated annually, including 0.41 Million Tonnes of incinerable waste. Co-processing in
resource intensive industry like cement industry reduces the use of conventional fuels and raw materials. All wastes are not suitable for co-
processing only waste of known composition, mineral value and energy are suitable. Co-processing means additional cost to the cement company
for the collection, pre-processing storage and feeding of alternate fuel & raw materials (AFR). Adequate feed points should be identified accord-
ing to relevant characteristics of waste including physical, chemical & toxilogical parameters. Cement Industry has to ensure that they meet PM
emission standards during co-processing as prescribed under the consent order issued by SPCB. For other pollutants HCl, CO, SO2 TOC, HF, NOx,
PCDD, PCDF, Hg & Heavy metals the emission during co-processing should not exceed base line emission that is during pre-co-processing phase of
trial run. M/s Petro Araldite Pvt. Ltd, of Thiruvalluar Dist. in Tamil Nadu discussed with M/s ACC Ltd. Madukkarai Cement Works for co-processing
of hazardous waste generated at their unit i.e. filters and filter materials like flake, celetom paper, filter bags, filter cartridges and sludge. The trial
study carried out with 44 tonnes of waste mixed with sawdust in size of less than 50 mm. The waste was fed to Pre-Calciner at the rate of 0.6 t/hr
& the coal feed rate maintained 12.6 t/hr. CV of coal was 6684 kcal/kg and waste 2213 kcal/kg and the TSR was about 1.55%. None of the
emissions were observed increasing during co-processing compared to pre-co-processing.

Co-processing of Alternate Fuels

S P Deolalkar
Indian Cement Review, Volume 28, April 2014,No:9

Keywords : Co-processing, AFR, Infrastructure, Cement plants

Abstracted by: M V Ramachandra Rao
ABSTRACT

Indian cement industry has taken up co- processing of Alternate fuel but the overall rate of substitution is very slow just below 1 percent. Tech-
nologies for using AFs are available and have been successfully used in European countries. The absence of infrastructure to support co-
processing is one of the main reasons of its slow growth in India the simple reason for the need for infrastructure is to create an environment
where wastes with potential as fuels would be continuously available to cement industry in ready use form. Processing required to be done varies
greatly from one type of AF to the other. Co-processing replaces fossil fuel by say a maximum of 40 %. A cement plant is therefore required to
process two types of fuels. If a cement plants uses two types of Alternate fuels due to non availability of particular alternate fuel continuously
hence investment in machinery and building for processing of AFs are considered risky for this reasons. This is the reason why cement plants AFs
to be at their door steps. The infrastructure would therefore comprise of compilation of data in the form of a directory of waste and potential AFs
among them. Setting up agencies which would do handling and processing of Afs and would do handling and processing of AFs and would supply
them on a commercial basis. The next step would be to have a fuel research institute that would carry out detailed research on every aspects of
combustion of likely AFs .Next step is to use AFs in pilot plant scale that would simulate actual co-processing conditions. There is an urgent need
for stake holders to come together and evolve a national strategy and a time bound programme for building up infrastructure. Generators and
users can come together to form sister companies or subsidiaries.

NCB-CMA SPECIAL PUBLICATION

Cement & Construction Industry-Perspective for Sustainable Growth

RELEASE : Release of the Special Publication has been timed with the inauguration of the
14th NCB International Seminar and Exhibition on 01 December 2015
We request you to kindly confirm the space requirement for your advertisement.
Contact— Activity in Charge, Special Publication ; Ph-+91-09868795977 E-Mail: ncbseminar@gmail.com ; ncbcisimg@gmail.com; seminar@ncbindia.com

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 NCB ABSTRACTS

The Oxycombustion Option

Michel Gimenez & Colin Paxton, Lafarge Cement, France, Henrick Wassard & Ole Mogensen, FLSmidth,Denmark
International Cement Review, May 2014, Page no 37

Keywords : Carbon emission, Carbon capture, Carbon storage , Amine scrubbing, Oxy combustion ,CO2 emissions.
Abstracted by: V. Nagakumar
ABSTRACT

The Cement industry has already made considerable efforts in lowering its CO2 emissions through the use of alternative fuels. Lower specific heat
consumption in kiln systems and a decrease of the clinker factor with the addition of supplementary cementitious materials. Major cement pro-
ducers have reduced their specific CO2 emissions, such as Lafarge which has cut its emissions by 2.2 percent from 777 Kg CO2/t of cement in 1990
to 606 Kg CO2/t. However, further scope to reduce this figure exists and in a recent communication, Lafarge committed to cutting its CO2 emis-
sions by 33 percent by 2020 compared with the 1990 baseline. Going further with CO2 mitigation implies the development of new low – CO2
products and possibly the application of carbon capture and storage technology, provided this technological breakthrough is affordable. This en-
tails capturing CO2 from the cement plants exhaust gases and storing it in suitable underground geological storage sites. Several new technologies
to accomplish this have been developed over the last decade, with most R&D programmes having been fostered by the power industry.

More Clinker Ring Issues

Dr.Michael Clark, UK
Internationa Cement Review, May 2015

Keywords :clinker balls,, middle rings, ash rings

Abstracted by: M V Ramachandra Rao

ABSTRACT

There is little doubt that clinker ring formation phenomenon, and the related topic of the formation of large clinker balls, is linked to the proper-
ties of the liquid phase in the charge in a cement kiln. The solid-to solid conversion is greatly enhanced by the presence of 20-30 percent liquid
phase formed from the C4AF and C3A.the liquid flux plays a vital transport role in dissolving and bringing together the solid reactants to allow the
solid product. Why coating sometimes localy thicken into rings to constrict sometimes locally thicken into rings to constrict the flow of exhaust
gases through the kiln and the passage of the clinker down the kiln?. Kiln feed chemistry, sulphur recirculation, kiln main burner adjustment and
cooler operation all have an effect on ring and ball formation. But which one ina particular instance? What is required is some form of diagnostic
procedure to narrow down to the likely cause and effect.as coating formation is linked to liquid phase there must be a change in the amount or
the properties of the phase at the point in the kiln where ring problems are encountered. Perhaps some species is suddenly forming or melting at
that particular point in the kiln? The cement plant should first look at the hot meal chemistry when such problems occurred.Sulphur to alkali ratio
changes need to be checked for coating and ring formation. If alternate fuels are being burnt in the back of the kiln then more excess O2 needs to
be drawn through the kiln. If there is no excess sulphur then some other cause has to be identified like flux changes in burning zone. As ring
forms mainly due to variations in the operation of kiln due to which the position of incorporation of ash into clinker changes in the kiln. A local
cooling of the charge will result in some solidification of the liquids and a change in the viscosity of the flux at a particular point in the kiln. This is
due to external factors like kiln shell cooling or cooling by a phase change at a particular Point. More problematic are longer, middle rings caused
by recirculation of clinker dust in the combustion product gases from the main burner. Dusty clinker leads to a heavy dust burden in the secon-
dary air and flame.At the temperatures in the flame the flux in the clinker particles remelts and is carried back to the point in the kiln.

Plant Consultancy Services

-Energy Audit -Project Engineering and System Design -Kiln & Mill Optimization -Process Diagnostic Study
-Use of Alternate Fuel - Waste Heat Utilization Study - Heat Balance Study
- EIA & EMP Studies for Greenfield & Brown field Cement Projects -Computer-Aided Deposit Evaluation & Mine Planning

Contact :
Head of Centre
Centre for Mining, Environment, Plant Engineering and Operation
National Council for Cement and Building Materials Ph : +91-129-4192241, +91-129-2302422, +91-129-4192222, +91-129-2242051
34 km Stone, Delhi-Mathura Road, Fax : +91-129-2242100, +91-129-2246175
Ballabgarh-121004, Haryana, India. E-mail : ncbcme@gmail.com, nccbm@ncbindia.com
Web : www.ncbindia.com

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 NCB ABSTRACTS

Microstructure, Morphology and Grindability of Indian Clinkers at a Glance

S P Pandey and P K Tripathy,
Dalmia Cement Bharat Ltd., New Delhi
Cement , Energy And Environment , Vol. 14,Jan-Mar 2015,pp.3-6

Keywords : Mineralogical & Microscopic Analysis, clinker granulometry and crystal morphology, microstructures of clinker
Abstracted by: PRATEEK SHARMA

ABSTRACT

The major micro-structural parameters affecting the grindability of clinkers include mineralogical constituents, their size and morphological char-
acteristics. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to characterize clinkers collected from different cement units of the group for
their grindability using Bond work index. Further, differences in their grindabilities are examined in the light of mineralogical composition using
XRD, microscopical features (grain size, pore size etc using optical microscope) and their granulometry to find out most significant factors govern-
ing work index for given samples.

The Table below shows the work indices for the clinker samples from different categories examined along with their actual mineralogical compo-
sition and microscopically features evaluated using XRD & OM respectively

Unit Bond Category F80 [μm] P80 Mineralogical & Microscopical Analysis (using Mineralogical Analysis (using XRD)
work In- [μm] OM)
dex C3S [%] C2S [%] C3S C 2S Pore size C3S [%] C2S [%] C3A [%] C4AF [%]
[kWh/t] grain grain [μm]
size size
[μm] [μm]
S-3 11.02 < 11 1950 74 54.1 33.3 18.9 15.5 92.8 53.4 25.3 3.5 17.5
S-7 12.30 11-13 2300 72 51.9 35.9 25.1 17.0 86.7 48.4 30.1 4.6 16.4

S-11 13.64 1900 77 58.9 28.8 17.2 15.4 82.7 58.9 207 2.7 15.9
13-15
S-16 14,64 1950 74 51.60 35.0 19.6 14.4 93.8 46.9 32.7 3.2 16.7

S-19 16.99 15-17 1650 75 61.9 26.1 28.8 15.6 88.0 55.0 21.9 3.9 18.7

It is noted that there is a considerable influence of clinker feed particle size distributions for the Bond test on the corresponding work index. This
is expected due to the fact that energy requirements during size reduction are inversely proportional to particle size. Thus, sample S -19, having
finest size distribution amongst the samples compared is observed to be having highest grinding energy requirement for producing product of
predefined fineness. Further, for more or less similar mineralogy, an increase in fineness is seen to be causing increased work index.

Alite and belite sizes of all the clinkers examined in the present study lie in a considerably narrow range and hence there is not much effect of
alite and belite sizes on the grindability of examined clinkers. However amongst various categories of clinkers considered, morphology of the
clinker phases (in terms of their shape) is observed to be playing an important role in their Bond index.

Based on the microscopic observations the following effects are found to be prominent.

Clinkers having well defined alite crystals & sharp edges are observed to be having higher Bond index values. The Bond index is observed to be
increasing with number of faces in the alite crystal or in case of elongated alite crystals.
Clinkers in which Belite crystals are formed in well-rounded shapes and having clear boundaries are observed to be having higher Bond index
values. However, clinkers carrying belites with less apparent & hazy boundaries and having shapes deviating from round geometries are
observed to be easier to grind.

Optical Microscope with Image Analysis System

Petrographic analysis of Cement Raw Materials, Clinker, Coarse and Fine Aggregates, Fly Ash, Slag
(Fe, Cu, Zn-Pb), Concrete of various ages and environments, Alkali-Silica- Reaction(ASR), Alkali-
Carbonate-Reaction(ACR), Fire Damaged Concrete, Soil and other Raw Materials by Polarizing and
Stereoscopic Microscopes. Modal Composition, Granulometric Analyses, Pore Size Distribution
and Micro Structural Features are done using Image Analysis System attached to the Microscopes.
8
 NCB ABSTRACTS

Comparison of Methods for Establishing Confidence Limits and Expanded Uncertainties

Suzanne Castrup
NCSL International, Ref No-173.5 and presented in Measurement Science Congress,2013

Key Words: GUM, Convolution, Monte Carlo method, Uncertainities

Abstracted by: P SRIKANTH
ABSTRACT

The three methods available for computing confidence limits and expanded uncertainties are: 1) GUM,2)Convolution Method and 3) Monte
Carlo Method. The GUM (ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement) method evaluates and combines error distribution vari-
ances and calculates the effective degrees of freedom of the uncertainty estimate for the combined measurement error. The convolution
method uses a mathematical approach for combining error distributions. The Monte Carlo method involves the combination of error distribu-
tions via numerical simulation.

The Measurement Process errors are the basic elements of uncertainty analysis. The most common sources of error are: • Reference Attribute
Bias • Repeatability • Resolution Error • Computation Error • Operator Bias • Environmental Factors Error.

The importance of choosing the right probability distributions for characterization of measurement errors. The normal is relevant to most real
world measurement applications. Other distributions such as the triangular, quadratic, cosine and U-shaped are also possible, although they have
limited applicability. These are applicable for errors that exhibit a central tendency, have 100% containment and known minimum bounding lim-
its.

All three methods can be used to analyze direct and multivariate measurements in which all errors are uncorrelated. The GUM and Monte Carlo
methods can also be used to analyze direct and multivariate measurements involving uncorrelated errors. The GUM and Monte Carlo methods
can also accommodate correlated errors.

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Centre for Quality Management, Standards and Calibration Services
National Council for Cement and Building Materials Ph : +91-129-4192239, +91-129-2302422, +91-129-4192222, +91-129-2242051
34 km Stone, Delhi-Mathura Road, Fax : +91-129-2242100, +91-129-2246175
Ballabgarh-121004, Haryana, India. E-mail : ncb.cqc@gmail.com, nccbm@ncbindia.com
Web : www.ncbindia.com

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Centre for Quality Management, Standards and Calibration Services
National Council for Cement and Building Materials
34 km Stone, Delhi-Mathura Road,
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Ph : +91-129-4192239, +91-129-2302422, +91-129-4192222, +91-129-2242051
Fax : +91-129-2242100, +91-129-2246175
E-mail : ncb.cqc@gmail.com, nccbm@ncbindia.com
Web : www.ncbindia.com

9
 NCB ABSTRACTS

Experimental Investigation of Bacterial Concrete to Improve Compressive Strength:

A Microbiology and Civil Engineering Approach .
G. Mohan Ganesh, A.S. Santhi, Anand Elumalai and Kalaichelvan Gurumurthy / Research Paper)
The Indian Concrete Journal published by ACC / Vol.89, No.-6/ June 2015/Pp-24 -30

Keywords : Bacteria; Compressive strength; water absorption test.

Abstracted by: Ajay Kumar
ABSTRACT

It is generally accepted that the strength & durability of concrete is related to the permeability of concrete. The more open pores / open spaces
in the concrete results in deterioration of concrete structure usually involves movements of aggressive gasses / liquids from the surroundings. In
this study, the author/researcher tries to fill these pores with the bacterial action using cement soil bacteria (CSB), Urea Soil bacteria (USB) &
activated sludge bacteria (ASB). The study was carried out on control samples over CSB/USB/ASB concrete by comparing their compressive
strength values, Water Absorption test, Ultrasonic pulse velocity Test & RCPT Tests.

By keeping Cement content 383kg/m3l concrete specimen were prepared using 100X100X10mm moulds. The bacterial solution was added to the
concrete mixture using a table vibrator. The specimens were cast demoulded after 24 hours & kept normal curing period for required age such as
7,14 & 28 days. It was observed from the study that CSB, USB, ASB compressive strength of the concrete cube specimens showed an increase of
about 23.8%, 23% and 15.3% respectively as compared to control sample at 28 days. The increase in compressive strength probably through the
deposition of CaCO3 on the micro organisms at cell surface & within the pores. At 28 days Water Absorption of CSB, USB & ASB were 3.1%, 3.8%
& 3.2% by its weight comparing to 4.2% of control sample. UPV Test: All the bacterial concrete values comes under Excellent category as per IS
13311 (part-I), RCPT: All the RCPT values of the bacterial concrete were less than the control concrete.

Fatigue Flexural Behaviour of Corroded RC Beams Strengthened with CFRP Sheets.

Li Song and Zhiwu Yu.
Indian journal of Engineering and material Sciences published by CSIR/Vol. 22, Feb 2015,PP-77-84

Keywords : Fatigue flexural Behaviour ,Corrosion, Reinforced Concrete Beams, Sheets.

Abstracted by: Vishal
ABSTRACT

This paper presents experimental study to examine fatigue performance using CFRP sheets to maintain the structural integrity of RC beams which
experiences steel reinforcement corrosion. In this experiment 7 RC beams were used. One uncorroded and strengthened was loaded monotoni-
cally under fatigue loading to serve as reference. Other 6 specimen having different degree of corrosion were tested under repeated loading. In
this experiment beams were subjected to 4 point bending and strains on concrete and CFRP sheets were recorded to study their change under
static and fatigue loading conditions. This study shows that all the strengthened corroded beams fails due to brittle fatigue fracture of one of the
R/F tensile steel bars and initiates cracking. The presence of CFRP sheets reduces the propagation rate and increase the spacing of vertical cracks
and maintain the integrity of beams. The tests shows that the strengthening beams with CPRF sheets increases the fatigue life of corroded beams
by a factor of 1.24,1.54 and 1.56 in case of low ,medium and high corrosion respectively but cannot completely restore the strength lost due to
corrosion.
The strengthening of RC corroded beams subjected to repeated loading and unloading with CFRP sheets maintains the integrity of the beams and
increase the flexural fatigue life by certain significant factors but it cannot completely restore the strength lost due to corrosion and cannot bring
back the fatigue life upto the level of virgin beam.

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10
 NCB ABSTRACTS

Performance of Self-curing Concrete at Elevated Temperature

Alaa A Bashandy
Indian Journal of Engineering & Material Sciences published by CSIR, Vol. 22,No.-1, February 2015, pp. 93-104

Keywords: Self-curing concrete(SCC), Elevated temperature, Cooling, Storage time, Ordinary concrete(OC)
Abstracted by: Manvender Singh

ABSTRACT

Concrete structures in nuclear power stations or concrete foundations for launching rockets carrying spaceships or those accidentally exposed to
fire are subjected to elevated temperatures. Elevated temperature is the indirect effect of fire. There is deterioration in concrete properties such
as losses in compressive strength, cracking & spalling of concrete, destruction of bonding between cement paste and aggregate. It has been ob-
served from the previous studies that self-curing concrete performs better than conventional concrete at elevated temperatures.

In this paper, the author tries to compare the performance of ordinary concrete and self-curing concrete. Samples for each mix were prepared
and tested. For testing, samples were subjected to three different target temperatures i.e. 200 °C, 400 °C & 600 °C for different heating durations
i.e. 2 hr & 4 hr. Samples were cooled either by air cooling or water cooling for different storage time i.e. 1 day or 28 days. Then, samples were
tested to assess the residual strength after storage time of 1 day & 28 days. According to results for 1 day storage, when temperature is increased
up to 200 °C in a 2h-heating time there was an increase of 16.6% in compressive strength, while for SCC there was a decrease of 10.6%. Test re-
sults also indicates that, when temperature was increased upto 400 °C in a 2h-heating time, there is a little decrease of compressive strengthby
1% & 19% for OC and SCC, respectively. For this heating time at 600 °C, compressive strength loss is about 28% for OC and 24% for SCC. There
was furthermore decrease in compressive strength on increasing heating duration to 4h for corresponding target temperatures. Generally, com-
pressive strength loss due to water cooling is more than due to air cooling by about 5-25% for OC. In SCC, when heating time was 2h, loss of com-
pressive strength due to air cooling is more than that of water by about 2-10% upto 400°C. At 600 °C, air cooling caused less compressive loss
compared to water cooling due to effect of air slow cooling. Compressive strength decreased by 5-20% by increasing storage time for OC after
heating when cooling in air. In SCC, values decreased but with little values compared to OC when stored for 28 days.

Use of Recycled Aggregate in Granular Sub Base

Parveen Berwal, Dr. Praveen Aggarwal, Dr. Rajesh Goel.
International Journal of Innovative Research in science, Engineering and Technology.
Volume.3, Issue 10, October 2014. ISSN: 2319-8753
Keywords: Recycled Aggregate, Granular Sub Base.
Abstracted by: Nikhil Kaushik
ABSTRACT
The author has presented the study to determine suitability of recycled material in road construction. The experimental study carried out on
several concretes at temperature up to 600 degree celcius. During Heating of concrete many physiochemical transformations take place. Recy-
cled aggregate used in this study were obtained from the debris of dismantled roads. The testing program involves testing on the fresh and recy-
cled aggregates to check the suitability for GSB construction and also divided into two phases. In first phase the tests like gradation, strength are
conducted on 20mm fresh and recycled construction and also tests were conducted on the prepared GSB from those two types of aggregates.
Tests related to strength, shape and gradation shows encouraging aspects. GSB mixes prepared with fresh as well as recycled aggregate also sat-
isfy the CBR requirement. Permeability of recycled aggregate is more than the fresh aggregate.

View of the Abstractor: Usage of recycle aggregate in construction industry is quite common in countries like USA, UK, Netherlands, Japan, Korea
etc. Since the GSB plays an important role in transferring load from the top layer to the sub-grade the characterization of the recycled aggregate
is very important to decide the percentage replacement with the fresh aggregate. It is necessary to include Guidelines on Recycled Aggregate in
Indian standards like MORTH, IRC to enable the construction industry to use them as it can reduce the project cost to a great extent as well as
helps in preserving our natural resources.

HIGHLIGHTS - ADVANCED CONCRETE RESEARCH LABORATORY

11
 NCB ABSTRACTS

Effect of Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coating and Rib Geometry on the Bond Strength of Reinforced Concrete
K. Pandurangan, A.R. Santhakumar and G. Appa Rao
The Indian Concrete Journal, January 2013, Vol 87, No. 1, Page 33-43
Keywords: Bond strength, epoxy coating, rib geometry
Abstracted by: Ankit Sharma
ABSTRACT
Extensive research work has been done in past for the use of epoxy-coated bars to reduce or eliminate problems with structures in corrosive
environments. The application of coating would decrease the bond capacity by preventing adhesion between the bar and the surrounding con-
crete. The bond performance of the coated bars is influenced by several factors including the thickness of coating, diameter of the bars and rib
geometry such as rib height, rib spacing, rib height-to-rib spacing ration and rib face angle. This paper assesses the effect of above-mentioned
factors on the relative bond-slip characteristics of coated and uncoated reinforcing bars. Most of the studies on this material have been for the
independent influence of these factors. The combined influence of these factors has not been investigated. Eighty-four pullout specimens were
cast with smooth bars and bars having different geometries such as inclined and diamond ribs. The bond stress of 8mm, 20mm and 32mm diame-
ter reinforcing steel bars was evaluated in this work. The coating thickness was measured by pull off type thickness gauge and ranged between
0.150mm and 0.220 mm with an average of 0.180mm. Concrete with target strength of 40 MPa was produced and the pullout tests were con-
ducted using a Universal Testing Machine of 1000 kN capacity. Taking into consideration the increasing use of epoxy-coated bars in nearby all
types of structures where concrete is exposed to corrosive environment, the study is of special significance because it provides experimental data
to the theories regarding this subject.

Views of Abstractor: Research has been carried out in the past on the effect of various factors that affect the bond capacity between coated steel
and surrounding concrete but much of the work is scattered. This paper brings the detail together and provides a comprehensive guide to the
subject.

Durable Concrete with Modern Air-Entraining Admixtures

Robert Felice,John Michael Freeman and M. Tyler Ley.
Concrete International ( American Concrete Institute ) Vol.36 No.8 pp. 37-45

Keywords : Air- Entraining Admixtures, Total Air Content, Spacing Factor, Freezing and Thawing.
Abstracted by: Vishal

ABSTRACT

The study in this article shows that the durability of concrete subjected to the cycles of freezing and thawing is dependent on the total air content
present in the concrete mixture, spacing factor and spacing of voids. The air-entraining admixtures causes small voids in hardened concrete and
protect the cement paste against the cycles of freezing and thawing. Closely spaced voids are more critical for durable concrete than Total Air
content. This article evaluates Bulk freezing and thawing performance and hardened air void system of concrete mixtures prepared with modern
materials.
In this study concrete mixtures were prepared with Portland cement, crushed limestone with maximum nominal size of 19mm,sand with
fineness modulus of 2.4 and three admixtures Wood rosin(WROS), Synthetic(Synth) & Vinsol Resin(VR) with lignosulfonate water reducing admix-
ture. Mixtures were designed with constant cement content. Mixtures with water cement ratio of 0.41 & 0.38 were used to investigate the ef-
fects of water reducing admixtures (WRAs). Different dosages were tested to simulate different ranges of typical WRA dosage used in the field &
impact of changes in water content. In this experiment three specimen were prepared, two for Standard Test method for resistance of concrete
to rapid freezing & thawing testing and one specimen for hardened air void analysis.
The work presented in this article shows that all three air entraining admixtures investigated shows satisfactory durability performance
against freezing and thawing at air content of 3.5% by volume in concrete or 11% in paste. However to provide a safety factor to account for
placement, finishing and material variability a minimum air content of 4% by volume in concrete or 13% in paste is recommended for satisfactory
performance against freezing and thawing. Also a spacing factor of 0.2mm is the minimum suggested spacing factor to have good durability
against freezing and thawing.

HIGHLIGHTS - ADVANCED CONCRETE RESEARCH LABORATORY

12
 NCB ABSTRACTS

Durability Indices for Concretes with Different Dosage of Mineral Admixtures

Santosh G. Cheriyan, B.S. Dhanya and Manu Santatanam
The Indian Concrete Journal published by ACC / Vol.88, No.-3/ March 2014/Pages-60 to 68

Keywords : Durability index; mineral admixture; ternary mix; permeability, conductivity.

Abstracted by: Ajay Kumar
ABSTRACT

Studies by scientists show that the use of fly ash & slag results in increase the durability of the concrete. The author of this paper conducted vari-
ous durability tests (Compressive strength, RCPT, chloride conductivity, sorptivity index & oxygen permeability index) on control samples, binary
blends & ternary blends. The binary samples was comprised of class F fly ash, class C fly ash, & ternary samples were comprised of Class F + class
C fly ash, slag A + class F fly ash & class C fly ash & slag B mixes. The results show that even though the attainment strength of the class F fly ash
was slower but durability results were significantly improved. At 90 days the strength of the fly ash quite improved. Class C fly strength shows
little low strength with low durability. The ternary samples show very large improvement in durability without sacrificing strength. All ternary
mixes performed better compared to binary mixes at 40% replacement level at 90th day. The slag A + class C fly ash shows the lowest chloride
conductivity, so same will be more durable option in marine condition compared to use of 40% slag A alone. It is also observed from the results
that the sorptivity index & oxygen permeability values do not show wide variation between mixes. There is considerable difference in chloride
based tests (RCPT & conductivity), Concrete mixes using fly ash shows significantly lower strength than the control mix but shows superior dura-
bility characteristics. The relation between the strength & durability is not straight. It changes with the type of mineral admixture used for making
concrete.

Durability of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with CFRP Sheets –

Long term Exposure Testing in an Aggressive Environment
Author(s) : (Mohsen A. Issa, Thilan Ovitagala & Nathan Westin / Research Paper)
Concrete International published by ACI./ Vol.-36 No-11/ November 2014/Pages-43 to 48

Keywords : Durability of RC beams, CFRP sheets application in RC structures transition zone.

Abstracted by: Ajay Kumar
ABSTRACT

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) extensively used for the work of repair & rehabilitation of the existing old structures & the results was
appreciable in the study. These CFRP should also be used in new construction as well, but they are not being effectively used, because lack of
specifications & experiences. CFRP sheets can be utilized to increase the tensile strength, load carrying capacity & reducing the deflection by it
with the help of epoxy on concrete surfaces. Researchers concluded that the failure of bond of epoxy solution with CFRP sheet & concrete sur-
faces due to high humidity, freezing & thawing drying cycles, high & low temperature, saltwater drying & wetting action & ultraviolet radiation.
The author of this paper experimentally discusses the instantaneous & long term observations of CFRP sheets with concrete beam for flexure test
& ultimate loading test with control & 15% salt water exposure condition. In this experiment, six concrete beams were cast. (3 beams for labora-
tory environment & other 3 for 15% salt water exposure condition). First beam with one layer of CRFP Sheet, BL1, and second beam with two
layers of CFRP sheets, BL2 & third beam is with CFRP sheet, BL0. The Thickness of the CFRP layer is 0.165mm with ultimate strength 3930 MPa.
The beams were subjected to sustained loading 18.7 KN (30% of ultimate load) for 16 months & 44.5 KN (70% of ultimate load) & ultimate load
for 7 Years for laboratory condition & 15% sea water condition. The recorded deflection & strain readings for the specimens during the first stage
of sustained loading indicated a steady trend without noticeable increase. Results indicate the ultimate loads were higher for sustained & 15%
salt water condition than the laboratory samples. It was also seen that the BL2 specimen shows higher strength & lesser deflection as compared
to BL1 & BL0 for both laboratory & sustained loading with 15% salt water. Similarly BL1 shows higher strength & lesser deflection as compared to
BL0. It was also noticed that the crack width in the control beam was 0.6 to 0.8 mm while 0.2 to 0.4 mm crack width noticed in CFRP strengthened
beams. But the ductility of the strengthened beam was decreased by 37% & 58% with addition of one & two layers of CFRP layers. The author did
not find any failure of epoxy due to sustained loading with 15 % saltwater exposure condition.

14th NCB International Seminar on Cement and

Building Materials & Technical Exhibition
( 01-04 December 2015, New Delhi )

REGISTRATION OPEN
13
 NCB ABSTRACTS

TRAINING SCHEDULE
August 2015-March-2016
Cement Technology
1. Advanced Mining Techniques and Practices in Cement Industry 25-27 August 2015 NCB-B
2. Improving Performance of Coolers 16-18 September 2015 NCB-B
3. Testing of Cement as per BIS Standards 22-23 September 2015 NCB-H
4. Sampling and Testing of Cement as per BIS Standards 07-09 October 2015 NCB-B
5. Effective Project Management including Cost Optimization 14-16 October 2015 NCB-B
6. Emerging Trends in Material Handling System 27-29 October 2015 NCB-B
7. Modern Grinding Practices in Cement Industry 21-23 December 2015 NCB-B
8. Advances in Raw Material Evaluation and Mining Techniques for
Sustainable Development in Cement Industry 22-23 December 2015 NCB-H
9. Advances in Pyro-processing in Cement Industry 05-06 January 2016 NCB-H
10. Advances, Operation and Optimization of
Air Pollution Control Equipment 12-13 January 2016 NCB-B
11. Quality Management System and Internal Audit for Laboratory
as per IS/ISO:1702 16-19 February 2016 NCB-H
12. Quality Orientation for Marketing Executives in Cement Industry 23-25 February 2016 NCB-B
13. Advances in Refractory Engineering Practices 15-17 March 2016 NCB-B

Concrete and Construction Technology

1. Quality Control & Quality Assurance practices for RMC plants 19-20 August 2015 NCB-H
2. Quality Control and Quality Assurance in Concrete
Construction including Extreme Weather Concreting 07-11 September 2015 NCB-B
3. Modern Construction Practices including Segmental Construction 08-09 September 2015 NCB-H
4. High Performance Concrete and its Applications 17-19 November 2015 NCB-H
5. Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation of Concrete Structures 15-17 December 2015 NCB-B
6. Green Building: Design & Construction 15-17 December 2015 NCB-H
7. Concrete Mix Proportioning and Acceptance Criteria 19-21 January 2016 NCB-H
8. Design, Construction and Quality Control Practices for
Concrete Roads for Highway & Low Volume Roads 3-5 February 2016 NCB-B
9. Repair and Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures including
Water Proofing Materials and Techniques 01-03 March 2016 NCB-B
10. Use of Blended Cements in Concrete Construction 08-09 March 2016 NCB-H

SIMULATOR BASED COURSES Head of Centre

Centre for Continuing Education and Services
1. Operation, Control and Optimization of Modern Precalciner Kilns 21-24 September 2015 NCB-B National Council for Cement and Building Materials
2. Operation, Control and Optimisation of Modern Grinding 34 km stone, Delhi-Mathura Road
Ballabgarh-121004, Haryana, India.
Systems based on VRM and Roller Press / Ball Mill system 17-20 November 2015 NCB-H
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System based on Vertical Roller Mills 19-21 January 2016 NCB-B Email: ncbcce@gmail.com, cceb@ncbindia.com

NCB RECRUITMENTS
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(Under Administrative Control of Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Govt. of India)
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General Manager (Grade E-7)* / Group Manager (Grade E-5)* / Manager (Grade E-3)**(Civil, Chemical, Scientist Chemistry) – 16 Posts
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14