7/13/2017 PNE 83968 (Ed

PNE 83968 (January 2nd Ed. - June 201 5)

Durability of concrete

Evaluation of aggregate mixtures for potential m itigación of alkali-silica reactivity and alkali-
silicate potentially reactive aggregates.

Accelerated method in mortar specimens

INDEX

1. Object and field of application

2. Rules for consultation
3. Principle of the method
4. Devices
4.1 Sift s
4.2 Kneader
4.3 Ram
4.4 C AMARA wet
4.5 Molds
4.6 Comparator
4.7 Containers
4.8 Stove
4.9 Basic protection elements
5 Reagents and materials
5.1. 1N sodium hydroxide solution
5.2. Cement
6. Preparation of the aggregate sample
7. Operative procedure
7.1. Test conditions
7.2. Composition of mortar
7.3. Preparation of test pieces
7.4. Initial Measurements of Test Pieces
7.4.1. Measures after demolding
7.4.2. Measures after curing in water
7.5. Alkaline treatment
7.6. Measurement of the length variation of the test pieces
8. Calculation and expression of results
9. Evaluation of the potential reactivity of the aggregate mixture
10. Test report

1. OBJECT AND FIELD OF APPLICATION

Evaluate the potential type alkali-silica or alkali-silicate mixtures of aggregate reactivity 146,508 combined have resulted nte
potencialme reagents UNE with non - reactive aggregates, by determining expanding mortar specimens immersed in NaOH solution at
elevated temperatur a.

This procedure is recommended basically to evaluate the reduction in expansive behavior manifesting these combinations aggregates
regarding caused by potentially reactive aggregate. Therefore, this test should be used in conjunction with a test concrete prisms (U NE
83967) to qualify as the combination of nonreactive aggregates.

2. RULES FOR CONSULTATION

- UNE 80113 Methods of testing cements. Physical tests. Determination of the autoclave expansion.

- UNE 146508 Test of aggregates. Determination

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7/13/2017 PNE 83968 (Ed

- UNE 146508 Test of aggregates. Determination of the potential reactivity alkali-silica and alkali silicate of the aggregates.
Accelerated method in mortar specimens.
UNE-EN 196-1 - Methods of testing cements. Determination of mechanical strength.
UNE-EN 196-3 - Methods of testing cements. Determination of setting time and volume stability.
UNE-EN 196-6 - Methods of testing cements. Part 6: Determination of fineness.
UNE-EN 932-1 - Tests to determine the general properties of the aggregates. Part 1: Sampling methods.
UNE-EN 933-1 - Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates. Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution. Sieving method.
UNE-EN 933-2 - Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates. Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution. Test sieves,
nominal size of the openings.
UNE-EN 1015-3 - Test methods for masonry mortars. Part 3: Determination of the consistency of the fresh mortar (by the table of
shaking)

3. PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD

This method is based on measuring the change in length experienced by a series of mortar specimens prepared with the aggregate
mixture to be studied, after being immersed in water at 80 ° C (during the second day of age) and A solution of 1N NaOH at 80 ° C
(During the next 14 days).

FOUR. APPLIANCES

4.1 Sieves:
U se what s sieves openings: 4 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm, 0.500 mm, 0.250 mm and 0.125 mm, of the UNE-EN 933-2.

4.2 Kneader:
Kneader c umplirá the requirements of the UNE-EN 196-1.
NOTE - The clearance between blade and receptacle must accommodate the maximum aggregate size.

4.3 Ram
You have the appropriate width for manually scavenge the specimens in the molds.

4.4 Moist chamber:

Defined in Standard EN 196-1, with a relative humidity greater than 90% and maintained at a temperature of (20 ± 1) ° C.

4.5 Molds
Molds To make prismatic specimens of 285 mm x 25 mm x 25 mm. They must be of steel or hard material that is not attackable by the
cement paste and sufficiently rigid to avoid deformations.

The end faces of the molds allow mind set perpendicular to them indices or cylindrical terminals about 6 mm in diameter that are
inserted into the center of the square faces of the test pieces, 25 mm side of the specimen. During filling with mortar and until the end
of its setting each index is usually held in position by a screw which threads into it and fits against the mold wall. The indices must be
of stainless steel or other material not attacked by alkalis during the test.

The indices are calculated and the length of the portion that is embedded in the mortar is less than or equal to 10 mm. Its outer ends
will allow, directly or through a threaded part, a correct connection with the contact points of the measuring equipment (see 4.6). The
length between the inner ends of the indices or terminals of each specimen shall be measured with an accuracy of 1 mm, notching the
value of the length, L c.

L as in inner faces of the molds may apply a product that allows specimens unmold easily, avoiding cover indices. That product should
not affect the setting of cement or residue that may inhibit penetration of water into the cylinder.

4.6 Comparator
Equipment for measuring the variation in length of the specimen, comprising a frame to which a graduated comparator to read in units
of 0.001 mm and an accuracy of 0.005 mm is set . In figure 1 two types of racks frequently used is.

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DSCF2066 IMG_20150305_092335026

Figure 1. Example of measuring equipment.

To zero the comparator before each set of measurements using a reference bar to the appropriate terminals for engaging tre the base
frame and the contact tip of the comparator. It will also be used to check the zero after taking measurements. The length of the bar will
be about 2 7 5 mm, and must be set according to the machine configuration and the length of the terminal used for measurements of the
specimens.

The reading obtained by measuring a specimen with this equipment is the difference between the distance between l o s s punt or
contact measuring this yl or s reference bar used for adjusting zero.

4.7 Containers
Plastic or other material that withstands prolonged exposure to 80 ° C and is inert to 1N NaOH solution. Its size and shape are placed
must allow at least three samples and shall ensure watertightness to prevent moisture loss or gain through tight, sealing lids or both
methods. The test pieces shall be placed horizontally and in such a way that the solution has access to the whole of each specimen. In
addition, it must be ensured that the specimens do not touch each other either to the walls or to the bottom of the container.

NOTE - The NaOH solution corrodes the glass or metal containers. They apply some containers of polypropylene or high density polyethylene, such as those
used in microwave ovens.

4.8 Stove
C on temperature regulating ble to (80 ± 2) ° C and (105 ± 5) ° C

4.9 Basic protection elements

PPE (personal protective equipment), at least for hands and eyes, for handling NaOH at 80 ° C.

5. REAGENTS AND MATERIALS

The reagents must be of recognized analytical grade and the water to be used must be distilled or of equivalent purity.

5.1 Disol ution of sodium hydroxide 1N

Dissolve 40.0 g of NaOH in 900 ml of water and dilute to 1 000 ml in a volumetric flask.

5.2 C emento
2
Cement CEM I with a minimal surface area, determined by the air permeability method (UNE-EN 196-6), of 350 m / kg and a
volume stability between 0 mm and 2 mm In the essay by Le Chatelier (UNE-EN 196-3).

6. PREPARATION OF THE SAMPLE OF ARID

Obtain a representative sample of the different fractions of aggregate used in the mixture according to the UNE-EN 932-1, both
material (sand or gravel) described as potentially reactive as other non - reactive aggregates to be incorporated into the mixture to
reduce harmful behavior that could manifest arid said reagent described as potentially the UNE 146508.

Independently prepare each fraction of aggregate (sand and / or gravel, by crushing (if required), sieving and homogenizing until
enough material according to the UNE-EN 933-1, Of the sizes indicated in The granulometric spindle of Table 1.

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I n the case where some of l to s sands not obtain sufficient material sieved any of the specified sizes, grinding material that arid until
the required amount of that size. In those sands containing insufficient quantities of one or more of the larger fractions, and there is no
larger material that can be crushed, the first fraction of which there is sufficient material should accumulate the percentages
corresponding to these. In these cases, it shall be recorded in the test report.

Table 1
Granulometric fraction Proportion (%) Mixture weight (g)
2 - 4 mm 10 90
1 - 2 mm 25 225
0.500 - 1 mm 25 225
0.250 - 0.500 mm 25 225
0.125-0.250 mm fifteen 135

Wash l as different fractions of each individual aggregate with water to remove dust and fine particles (<0.160 mm). Dry matter
fractions (105 ± 5) ° C and let cool, retaining all fractions of each sample separately.

Then mix the prepared portions of each material for each of the sizes making up the spindle (keeping the proportion of aggregates to be
characterized constant in each size) to obtain the blend weight indicated in Table 1 for each particle size .

The granulometric fractions of each aggregate shall be mixed in the proportion which is initially considered adequate to minimize the
harmful effect of the potentially reactive aggregate (in the case where, as indicated in section 9, the proportion of aggregates is
inadequate to reduce the behavior Expansive produced by the incorporated amount of the potentially reactive aggregate, it is
recommended to repeat the test using a higher proportion of non-reactive aggregate in the mixture)

Finally, r and homogene mixture hoisting weights five granulometric fractions which have been previously made individually in the
proportion of use of the aggregates, to obtain 900 g of material required for performing the assay.

7. OPERATING PROCEDURE

7.1 Test conditions

The temperature of kneading rooms, manufacturing and length measurement of the specimens shall be (20 ± 2) ° C, and relative
humidity not less than 50 %.

7.2 Composition of mortar

Prepare the mortar with a part of cement to aggregate 2.25 parts by mass. To make three test pieces mix 400 g of cement and 900 g of
aggregate. Using a water / cement ratio of 0.47 by mass. If this relationship is not adequate workability is obtained using an amount of
time sufficient to obtain a consistency corresponding to a runoff comprised between 105 and 120 mm water (according to standard
UNE-EN 1015-3), by indicating the results report the water / cement ratio used.

7.3 Preparation of test pieces

Knead the mortar according to UNE-EN 196-1. Develop at least three specimens for each mixture arid s to be tested. The enmoldado
of the test pieces made in not more than 2 min and 15 s after the end of the batch. Fill the molds with two approximately equal layers,
compacting each of them with the manual tamper. Work the mortar in the corners, around the insertions and along the surfaces of the
mold until a homogeneous specimen is obtained. After compacting the last layer, smooth the surface with a flat ruler. Put the molds in
the humid chamber for (24 ± 2) h suitably protected to prevent surface drying, UNE-EN 196-1.

7.4 Initial s is measured specimens

Immediately before each set of measurements the zero comparator with the reference bar and after completion check with this
reference bar in the device the initial reading (zero) is held. In order to carry out the reading of each test piece, it must be rotated 360 °
on its longitudinal axis to ensure correct positioning and fit between the measuring terminals. Readings at different ages must always
be carried with the prism placed in the same position, for which the side facing the operator performing the reading must previously
marked, to match the same position in all measures prism.

7.4.1 Measures after demoulding

Demoulding of protecting specimens moisture loss and perform s reading s s corresponding to the length of the specimens after
demolding (Li). The readings are expressed in mm with three decimals (0.001 mm).

7.4.2. Measures after curing in water

Meter specimens in containers with sufficient water at room temperature to coat completely. Sealing the containers and put them in an
oven at (80 ± 2) ° C for 24 h. After this time, remove the beef contenedo one at the stove.

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After the zero reading with the reference bar, r extracted specimens at a time of water and dried r its surface with a cloth with special
attention to the two metal inserts. Ealiza R r corresponding to the length of each specimen immediately after drying (L 0) initial
reading.

The drying process and measure the specimen must be performed on s (15 ± 5) after removing it from the water. Once the measure,
leaving the specimen in a cloth until measures have been other specimens.

7.5 Alkaline treatment

Put all samples in containers with sufficient 1N NaOH solution, preheated to (80 ± 2) C., until completely submerged. L solution to
be in a ratio of 4 ± 0.5 volumes per 1 volume of specimens. In all cases the specimens should be immersed, so that the level of the
solution is located at least 10 mm above the upper surface of the specimens. Sealing the containers and place them in an oven at (80 ±
2) ° C.
NOTE - S and shall take appropriate precautionary measures for handling specimens with NaOH at 80 ° C with appropriate PPE for hands and eyes

7.6 Measurement of the length variation of the test pieces

Immediately before the measures set the zero of the comparator with the reference bar (check that the zero after performing the
measurements is maintained).

Make the reading corresponding to the length of each specimen at the age of 14 days in alkaline treatment. Additionally perform at
least three intermediate measurements over the course of these 14 days of testing. Each measurement is called L t (n), "t" the number of
days of treatment in NaOH 80 ºC and "n" number of specimen. The procedure is as mentioned in section 7.4 except that the specimens
are returned to their container with NaOH at 80 ° C.
NOTE - If zero after the package (above 0.005 mm variation) is not maintained, repeat the process after holding for at least 2 h the container in the oven at 80 ° C.

8. CALCULATION AND EXPRESSION OF RESULTS

The linear expansion of each sample "n" assay time "t" is obtained by the following formula:

D onde
L t (n), It is the corresponding measurement reading Specimen "n" after "t" days of treatment with NaOH at 80 ° C;
L 0 (n), c is reading or measurement sponding to the original reference specimen "n" after treatment with water at 80 ° C;
L c, is the distance between the inner ends of the metal inserts of the specimen. It is about 250 mm (see 4.6).

As expansion of the combination cement- mixture to rido s studied at a given age, indicate the average expansion of the three samples
in% to three decimal places (0, 0 01%).

9. EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL REACTIVITY OF L A MIXTURE OF AGGREGATE S

Depending on the expansion obtained in the test specimens, at 14 days of alkaline treatment, the following classification can be made:
(I.e. If the average expansion is not more than 0.10%, the aggregate mixture can be considered as a rea, although this does not
qualify as the mixture suitable for application as if it were a non - reactive aggregate. To this mixture should also be evaluated by
test on concrete prisms (83967 UNE) obtaining a satisfactory grade.
(I.e. If the average expansion is greater than 0, 1 0%, the aggregate mixture is considered inadequate to reduce the expansive
behavior produced by built potentially reactive aggregate ratio.

In the latter case retesting is recommended in the mixture using a higher proportion of non - reactive aggregate, cements with
suitable additions, or replacing part of the cement by pozzolanic to mitigate the development of REACTION ones árido- to Alkali
(as microsilica or fly ash), as indicated in the UNE 83,969.

10. ESSAY REPORT

The results of longitudinal expansion (%) versus immersion time l NaOH at 80 ° C (days) They will be graphed, both for each
specimen and the average values.

Shall be recorded in the test report:

(I.e. Details regarding the proportion of solids (potentially reactive and nonreactive) in the test mixture
(I.e. The type and characteristics of the cement used, as described in 5.2
(I.e. Deviations from the test procedure
(I.e. The individual expansion of each specimen measured in the test and the mean value of the three specimens
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(I.e. The individual expansion of each specimen measured in the test and the mean value of the three specimens
(I.e. if the aggregate mixture has an expansion not exceeding 0.10%, a result of the test carried out on concrete prisms (UNE
83967). With the combination of both results, evaluation of the reactivity of the aggregate and of the dosage.

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