1

ABSTRACT

Concrete is an essential material for construction, because of its

composition and performance it is used everywhere. Nowadays, while designing
a structure, more important is being given to strength and durability of the
concrete. Each structure is built in accordance with its needs, so the special
properties are to be satisfied by them for their good performance.

A cellular concrete is a lightweight product consisting of Portland

cement, cement-silica, cement-pozzolan, lime-pozzolan, lime-silica pastes or
pastes containing blends of these gradients and having homogeneous void or
cell structure, attained with gas-forming chemicals of foaming agents.

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 CONTENTS

S.NO TITLES PAGE.NO

LIST OF FIGURES 7
LIST OF TABLES
8

1 ULTRA HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE 9

1.1. Introduction 9

1.2. Composition of RPC 10

1.3. Principles for developing RPC 12
1.4. Properties of RPC 12
1.5. Limitations of RPC 13
1.6. Conclusion 13

2 CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE 14

2.1. Introduction
14

2.2. Manufacturing process

16

2.3. Innovative Idea 18

2.4. Objectives of using glass in CLC
18

2.5. Advantages of CLC

19

2.6. Application
20

2.7. Conclusion 20

3
3 RUBBER DAM 21
3.1. Introduction 21
3.2. Comparison 22
3.3. Advantages of Rubber dam 23
3.4. Disadvantages of Rubber dam 24
3.5. Working principle 25
3.6. Conclusion 26

4 ROBO SAND
27 19
4.1. Introduction 27
4.2. Manufacture of Robo sand 27
4.3. How Robosand is superior to river sand 30
4.4. Advantages 31

5. CONCLUSION 32

4
 LIST OF FIGURES

S.NO TITLE PAGE.NO

1 FOAM GENERATOR 14
2 CLC BLOCK FLOATS IN WATER 14

3 CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE BLOCK 15

4 MAGNIFIED VIEW 15

5 MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF CLC 16

6 MIXING PROCESS 17

7 CLC MIX POURED IN MOULD 17

8 RUBBER DAM 21

9 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF RUBBER DAM 25

10 MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ROBOSAND 29

5
 LIST OF TABLES

S.NO TITLE PAGE.NO

1 Typical composition of reactive powder

concrete 800Mpa 11
2 Typical composition of reactive powder
concrete 200Mpa 11

3 Properties of RPC 12

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1. ULTRA HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE
(USING REACTIVE POWDER)

1.1. INTRODUCTION:

Concrete is an essential material for construction, because of its

composition and performance it is used everywhere. Nowadays, while designing
a structure, more important is being given to strength and durability of the
concrete. Each structure is built in accordance with its needs, so the special
properties are to be satisfied by them for their good performance.

We know that concrete is a compressive material rather than a tensile

material. For increasing its compressive strength, we add the chemical
admixtures into the concrete. This concrete has higher strength as compared to
that of ordinary concrete. The strength and durability of this concrete is mainly
depends on its mix proportions.

Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a developing composite material that

will allow the concrete industry to optimize the material use, generate economic
benefits, and build structures that are very strong, durable, and sensitive to
environment. A comparison of the physical, mechanical, and durability properties
of RPC and high performance concrete(HPC) shows that RPC posses better

7
strength(both compressive and flexural) Compared to HPC. This paper reviews
the available literature on RPC, and presents the results of laboratory
investigation such as fresh concrete properties, compressive strength, flexural
strength, comparing RPC with HPC. Specific benefits and potential applications
of RPC have also been described.

HPC is not a simple mixture of cement, water, and aggregates. Quite

often, it contains mineral components and chemical admixtures having very
specific characteristics, which impart specific properties to the concrete. The
development of HPC results from the materialization of a new science of
concrete, a new science of admixtures and the use of advanced scientific
equipment to monitor concrete microstructure.

RPC was first developed in France in the early 1990s and the world’s first
RPC structure, the Sherbrook Bridge in Canada, was constructed in July 1997.
RPC is an ultra high-strength and high ductility cementation composite with
advanced mechanical and physical properties. To consists of a special concrete
where the microstructure is optimized by precise gradation of all particles in the
mix to yield maximum density RPC is emerging technology that lends a new
dimension to the term “High Performance Concrete “. It has immense potential
in construction due to its superior mechanical and durability properties compared
to conventional high performance concrete, and could even replace steel in some
applications.

1.2.COMPOSITION OF RPC:

Reactive powder concrete has been developed to have strength of 200 to

800 Mpa with required ductility. It is new technique involved in the civil
engineering .Reactive powder concrete in made by replacing the conventional
sand and aggregate by grounded quartz less than300 micron size, silica fume,

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synthesized precipitated silica ,steel fibers about 1 Cm in length and 180 micron
in diameter .

RPC is composed of very fine powders (cement, sand, quartz powder, and
silica fume), steel fibers (optional) and a super plasticizer. The super plasticizer,
used at its optimal dosage.Reactive powder concretes have compressive strength
ranging from 200 Mpa to 800Mpa.

Table1: Typical composition of reactive powder concrete 800 Mpa

1. Portland cement – type V 1000 kg/m3

2. Fine sand ( 150 – 400 micron) 5001 kg/m3

3. Silica fume (18 m2/gm) 390 kg/m3

4. Precipitated silica (35 m2/gm) 230 kg/m3

5. Super plasticizer (polyacrylate) 18 kg/m3

6. Steel fibers (length 3mm and dia.180µ) 630 kg/m3

7. Total water 180 kg/m3

8. Compressive strength (cylinder) 490 – 680 Mpa

9. Flexural strength 45 – 102 Mpa

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1.3.PRINCIPLES FOR DEVELOPING RPC

1. Elimination of coarse aggregates for enhancement of homogeneity.

2. Utilization of the pozzolanic properties of silica fume.
3. Optimal usage of super plasticizer to reduce w/b and improve work
ability.
4. Application of pressure to improve compaction.
5. Post-set heat-treatment for the enhancement of the microstructure.

1.4.PROPERTIES OF RPC

Table 3: Properties of RPC:

Property of RPC Description Recommended Type of failure

value eliminated

Table 2: Typical composition of reactive powder concrete 200 Mpa

1. Portland cement – type V 955 kg/m3

2. Fine sand ( 150 – 400 micron) 1051 kg/m3

3. Silica fume (18 m2/gm) 229 kg/m3

4. Precipitated silica (35 m2/gm) 10 kg/m3

5. Super plasticizer (polyacrylate) 13 kg/m3

6. Steel fibers 191 kg/m3

7. Total water 153 kg/m3

8. Compressive strength (cylinder) 170 – 230 Mpa

9. Flexural strength 25 – 30 Mpa

10. Young’s modulus 54 – 60 Mpa

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 Reduction in Coarse aggregate Maximum size Mechanical,
aggregate size are replace by fine of fine sand is chemical &
sand, with a 600 µm thermo-
reduction in the size mechanical
of the coarse
aggregate by a
factor of about 50.

Enhanced Improved Young’s Distribution on

mechanical mechanical modulus values the mechanical
properties properties of the in 50-75 Gpa stress field
paste by the range
addition of silica
fume

Reduction in Limitation of sand Volume of the By any external

aggregate to content paste is at least source (for
matrix ratio 20 % voids example
index of non- formwork).
compactedsand

1.5.LIMITATIONS OF RPC:

In a typical RPC mixture design, the least costly components of

conventional concrete are basically eliminated and replaced by more expensive.
In term of size scale, the fine sand used in RPC becomes equivalent to the coarse
aggregate of conventional concrete, the Portland cement plays the role of the fine
aggregate and the silica fume that of the cement. The mineral component
optimization alone results in a substantial increase in cost over and above that of
conventional concrete (5 to 10 times higher than HPC).

RPC should be used in areas were substantial weight savings can be

realized and where some of the remarkable characteristics of the material can be
fully utilized. Owing to its high durability, RPC can even replace steel in

11
compression members where durability issues are in ( for example in marine
condition ). Since RPC in its infancy, the long term properties are not yet known.

1.6.CONCULSION:

A laboratory investigation comparing RPC and HPC led to the following

conclusions.

 A maximum compressive strength of 198 Mpa was obtained. This is in the

RPC 200 range (175 Mpa – 225 Mpa).
 The maximum flexural strength of RPC obtained was 22 Mpa, lower than
the values quoted in literature (40 Mpa). A possible reason for this could
be the higher length and diameter of fibres used in this study.
 A comparison of the measurements of the physical, mechanical and
durability properties of RPC and HPC shows that RPC better strength (both
compressive and flexural) and lower permeability compared to HPC.

2.CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE

2.1. INTRODUCTION

FLY ASH BASED CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE

 It is a version of lightweight concrete that is produced like normal concrete

under ambient conditions. It is produced by initially making a slurry of Cement
+Sand + Fly Ash (constituting 26% - 34 % content) + water,
 A cellular concrete is a lightweight product consisting of Portland cement,
cement-silica, cement-pozzolan, lime-pozzolan, lime-silica pastes or pastes
containing blends of these gradients and having homogeneous void or cell
structure, attained with gas-forming chemicals of foaming agents.
 In cellular lightweight concrete, the density can be controlled by the
introduction of gas or foam by foam generator.

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 CLC is an air-cured lightweight concrete with fly ash as a major ingredient that
can be produced at large project sites just like traditional concrete, utilising
equipment and moulds normally used for traditional concreting.
 It is especially suitable in India for low-rise load bearing constructions and for
partitioning work in multistorey blocks.

Fig1: FOAM GENERATOR Fig2: CLC BLOCK FLOATS

IN WATER

 Fly Ash as a new additional constituent in its manufacture. Fly ash can
constitutes more than 25% (ranging between 26% to 33%) of the solid material
constituents of CLC mixes for different density outputs.
 Fly-ash- a nuisance waste product from thermal power plants - as an over 25 %
constituent material. This CLC can be produced in a density range of 400 kg/m3
to 1,800 kg/m3, with high insulation value and a 28-day cube crushing strength
of up-to 275 kg/cm2.
 It is not only found a productive use of a waste industrial product, but
incorporation of fly ash also saves nearly 40% on cement content, otherwise
needed for the corresponding Cement and Sand only mixes, thereby also leading
to substantial reduction in the cost of manufacture.

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  Normally the density of the cellular light weight concrete ranges from 400
kg/m3 to 1,800 kg/m3
 Cellular Light Weight Concrete based housing is fire proof, termite proof,
thermally insulated, sound proof, environment friendly.

Fig3: Cellular light weight concrete block Fig4: Magnified view

2.2. MANUFACTURING PROCESS:

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 Fig 5: Manufacturing process of CLC

The manufacturing process of cellular light weight concrete involves the

following steps:

(a) Providing a mixture of slurry of Cement, Sand, Fly Ash and water.

(b) Pouring the mixture into a form or mold of the intended concrete
product

(c) Curing the poured mixture;

(d) Demoulding the concrete product; and

(e) Utilizing the concrete product.

 In this process, first the wet mix slurry consists of fly ash, cement, sand
and water is either poured or pumped into assembled moulds of blocks or
formwork of reinforced structural elements or poured onto flat roofs for
thermal insulation or for filling of voids.
 The second way is to introduce gas or foam to the concrete mix to produce
cellular lightweight concrete.

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  The foam produced using Foam Generator is stable for a time duration far
beyond the final setting time of Cement, thereby creating permanent voids
in the finally hardened mass thus imparting lightness.
 The entrapped air bubbles are very fine in size and segregated from each
other, because of which the water absorption of the material is less.
 The foam imparts free flowing characteristics to this slurry due to ball
bearing effect of foam bubbles, enabling it to easily flow into all corners.
It levels and compacts in the moulds/forms by itself, without requiring any
kind of external vibration or compaction.

Fig 6:Mixing process Fig 7: CLC Mix poured moulds

2.3.INNOVATIVE IDEA: (USE OF GLASS IN CLC)

 It is a method of manufacturing cellular lightweight concrete using ground

glass as a partial replacement for Portland cement in the mixtures.
 This method also incorporates a method of making cellular lightweight
concrete including mixing these materials in a mixer to form a thick,
viscous slurry which will be foamed and cured at room or elevated
temperatures.

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  The mixture of CLC using ground glass comprises cement, ground glass,
cement substitute, lime, fiber, foaming agent and water.
 The mixture may comprise approximately 3 to 70% by weight cement, 3
to 70% by weight ground glass, 3 to 60% by weight cement substitute(fly
ash), 0 to 15% by weight lime, 0 to 5% by weight fiber, 30 to 80% by
weight water, and up to 2% by weight gas-forming or foaming agent.
 The ground glass may include ground mixed waste glass, flat glass,
window glass and mixtures thereof.

2.4.OBJECTIVES OF USING GLASS IN CLC:

 Able to produce very stable cellular lightweight concrete mixtures

during the foaming or aeration process.
 Able to produce light color cellular lightweight concrete mixtures that
can be easily tinted by adding proper pigments.
 Able to provide applications which can use inexpensive recycled
materials.

2.5.ADVANTAGES OF CLC:

 CLC being the typical concrete, it keeps gaining strength with time, so
long as some moisture is available in the surroundings. It is therefore as
weatherproof, termite resistant, fireproof and durable as any other
concrete.
 Cellular Lightweight Concrete is an environment friendly sustainable
material produced with least energy demand.

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  Moreover CLC consumes a waste industrial product - Fly Ash - as one
of its basic constituent materials thereby helping to reduce
environmental pollution.
 It substitutes use of burnt clay bricks, which are wasting precious
agricultural soil and need energy for baking and kiln smoke vitiate the
atmosphere.
 Thinner walls in the case of CLC result in higher Carpet/Plinth area
ratio (106% to 107%) in comparison to brick alternative.
 CLC produced at project site saves energy expended in baking bricks,
as also energy spent in transporting bricks/ dense concrete
blocks to site of work. CLC blocks being lighter than bricks or Dense
Concrete blocks save on labour deployed for on-site handling,
masoning, cutting and filling chases etc.
 The capital investment in production of CLC is far far less (in fact less
than 0.05%) than the investment needed for producing Aerated
Autoclaved Concrete. Only one low investment Foam Generator needs
to be added to Concrete making establishment.

2.6.APPLICATION:

The wide range in densities and consequently their different thermal and
structural properties, make CLC equally suitable for use: -

 As reinforced load-bearing in-situ walls and roofs in Low Rise

Buildings.

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  Even block-work (made from pre-cast blocks produced at the project
site or obtained from a pre-casting plant) can also be used for load-
bearing low rise constructions.
 Non load-bearing internal or external walls in High Rise Buildings.
 Thermal Insulation of building roofs and walls & roofs of cold
storage.

2.7.CONCLUSION:

The deliberations above conclusively establish, that air cured fly-ash based
Cellular light-weight concrete to be a far superior alternative to factory made
aerated concrete or manmade light-weight aggregate blocks. This CLC is even a
better alternative to ordinary clay bricks for walling masonry. The long term
stability at low temperatures and potential corrosive effects on cellular light
weight concrete must be completely understood. The influence of admixtures
and aggregates on strength of CLC is of particular interest and is currently being
investigated. Moreover, CLC has other diverse applications and properties, some
of which cannot be offered by the conventional alternatives

Above all, it is an environment friendly and energy efficient material,

which is the need of the day. It is therefore, no surprise that more and more
builders are progressively opting for this material in their constructions.

3. RUBBER DAM
3.1.INTRODUCTION:

Water is important and its need is very essential for human living. The
storage of water is an important aspect that should be considered for sustainable
life. Whenever there is storage the thing which strikes the mind is construction of
dams. Dams are the most effective means for water storage. They also serve

19
various purposes like irrigation, hydropower generation, flood control, water
supply and pollution control. The conventional dams may not serve various
purposes in particularly for small projects. Cost and time consumption are the
most important aspects of the conventional dams. In order to curb such
unavoidable factors the construction of dams with other cheaper materials has
come into existence, one such material been implemented successfully for
construction of dams is rubber.

Rubber is inflatable and deflatable material and some the hydraulic structures
may be located in cold areas where the temperature may be as low as – 40°C. The
water-filled construction of Rubber Dams can be constructed for water heads
even from 0.3 meters to more than 3 meters.

Fig 8: Rubber Dam

3.2.COMPARISON:

COST ASPECT: Replacement of heavy gates, hoisting gears and piers of

conventional structures by light rubber-nylon shell body save huge amount of
steel, cement, timber and other construction materials. Hence rubber dams could
be economical.

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FLEXIBILITY OF OPERATION: Rubber dam body can be fully deflated to
lower it to flat level on base floor so that flood flow passes without any
obstruction. This provides rubber dams a dominant position over conventional
gated regulating dams.

MORE WATER INFLOW: Rubber dams can have spans as long as, 100 meters
without dividing piers. This provides full width of active cross-section of the river
channel and facilitates the release of flood flow at a quicker rate when compared
to conventional dams.

IMPACT ON SOIL: Load of dam body is evenly distributed on foundation. This

reduces considerably the treatment of foundation soil.

TIME PROSPECT: Construction and installation of rubber dams are quicker

compared to conventional gated regulating structures due to readily available raw
material.

CAPITAL COST: Total investment cost can be reduced to 30-40% than that of
conventional gated dams.

MAINTENANCE: Rubber dams are constructed without any gates and hoisting
gears. Hence the operational aspect is simple and needs less maintenance. Even
repairs to the damages to the dam are simple and can be successfully attended by
normal skilled staff with simple tools.

3.3.ADVANTAGES OF RUBBER DAM:

COST OF CONSTRUCTION: The capital cost is very less when compared to

that of conventional dams. Most of concrete work can be avoided which is a

21
primary material for conventional dams. The only material is rubber which may
be costly however when compared to others.

INSTALLATION: Installation process is very quick, as it done mostly by

manual or remote sensors. It mainly consists of inflating and deflating as and
when needed based on operating principles.

SILT AND SEDIMENTATION REMOVAL: When the dam is deflated it

facilitates free flow of water over it, without allowing the silt to deposit along the
length of the dam and hence the effective storage and life can be increased.

WATER TIGHTNESS: The material used for rubber dam installation is totally
watertight. So there is no problem of water leakage and excess flow of water from
the dam.

CORROSION AND ABRASION RESISTANCE: This factor depends on the

quality of the rubber used. Generally EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer)
rubber is used which is good in resisting abrasion and corrosion.

FLEXIBILITY: The rubber dam is very much flexible in operation since the
dam height can we varied depending on the water inflow and outflow
requirement.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS: The installation technique helps

in reducing the risk of disasters like bank erosion and the water flow also will not
be disturbed in the process.

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TRANSPORTATION CONVINIENCE: They can be easily replaced and
transported anywhere when needed due to lightweight nature of material.

3.4.DISADVANTAGES OF RUBBER DAM:

REGULAR INSPECTION: The soft rubber-nylon made shell of the dam body
needs careful operation and maintenance. Large floating materials like logs, trees,
bamboos etc. may be harmful to the dam body. However, about 1 m water depth
above the dam bag below draft boats will be adequate to allow overpass.

REPAIRING TIME: Repair to dam bags is done only in dry condition.

Underwater repair is not possible.

DESIGN PERIOD: Service life of dam bags is about 20 years. Replacement of

the dam bag is needed if design period required for dam is longer.

PROJECT SIZE: Apart from many advantages the rubber dams are restricted
only for small projects. Because it cannot sustain the flow forces and water
pressure which are not uncommon in large projects.

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3.5.WORKINGPRINCIPLE:

Fig 9: working principle of rubber dam

Figure shows the schematic diagram of the rubber dam. It shows inflated rubber
tube laid on simple concrete foundation with anchor bolts at the base. It has an
operating system located at one end consisting of an air compressor having a
supply pipe into the dam and a water level chamber is also located to know the
difference in water head.

First the water is filled into the tube through an operating system to inflate the
tube. This raises the height of the tube to create a barrier across th stream.In case
the water level of the reservoir rises above a pre-defined level an automatic safety
device deflates the tube. An increase of the water-level difference across the dam
causes a deformation of the dam; the corresponding pressure rise in the dam
causes an extra sheet membrane force through which the external force on the
dam is transferred to the foundation. In the case of dynamic wave loads the dam
responds by variation of its shape, while the internal pressure fluctuates
correspondingly.

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 It consists of three pipes. One is a reflux and the other two are intake pipes.
All the three are connected to sluice valves, which are operated manually. When
water level in the reservoir rises above a specified level the hand-operated valve
is turned on and the water from dam escapes through drainage shaft. Else the
water level rises in the control shaft above the spillway level and water is drained
out of the tube and the rubber dam sinks eventually. When there is an emergency
discharge of water than the water from dam is allowed into the pump shaft this
pushes the excess water into a container through a pipe. When the container is
filled with water the drain flap is opened with a pulley mechanism and the
container is emptied. This completes the process of inflating and deflating the
rubber dam based on the inflow of water.

3.6.CONCLUSION:

Rubber dam gives a major advantage in the flexibility of its operation. It can
also be used as a temporary dam for the construction of conventional dams
because of its transportation convenience. However rubber dams cannot replace
the conventional dams particularly when considered about large projects. But for
many potential storage sites it can be stated that for developing countries like
India rubber dams can serve as a better means.

4. ROBOSAND

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4.1.INTRODUCTION:
Sand, vital to construction, required in large quantities is traditionally
procured from dredging of creeks and river beds. This sand, which is not
consistent in size and gradation, is a composition of clay, silt, marine products,
oversized particles, moisture and organic impurities and other unwanted material.
Often expensive and tedious methodologies are adopted to improve the quality of
this sand to make it reach the required standards of construction. This is very
often neglected due to the mounting expenses involved in the process. Poor
quality sand has adverse impact on civil constructions and could cause serious
problems in the future.
Now all this is a thing of the past. A superior alternative to river sand-
ROBOSAND-has come as a blessing to the construction industry.

WHAT IS ROBOSAND?
ROBOSAND is sand manufactured, obtained from specific natural granite
using the state-of - the - art European technology. Its numerous advantages over
river sand have made it a favorite and a “Must- to- use” with quality conscious
builders.

4.2.MANUFACTURE OF ROBO SAND:

Formation of natural sand
River Sand basically brought about by forces of Mother Nature. Flowing
water dashed against rocks and caused the softer and feeble material to break
down and sprout out sand and silt. Subsequently, this elongated and flaky material
smoothed out and rounded by itself, with fluctuation in the water flow

velocity helping to form particles of different sizes, the same of which getting
deposited in layouts of graded material. This river sand also contained impurities
such as marine products, oversized material, clay and slit, moisture and other

26
organic impurities. What resulted from the same – Poor Quality and Inferior Sand
Natural sand is formed on the river beds on the creeks in a process that takes
millions of years and thousands of miles. The water dashing through rocks and
the rocks hitting each other causes the soft material to break and form sand and
silt. The fine particles thus formed get deposited on the river banks and creeks.
And it is this technology devised by nature that is used to make the ROBOSAND.

Manufacture of ROBOSAND:
ROBOSAND is manufactured with technical know- how, design and
engineering as per Swedish technology of “Rock Hit Rock” which is synonymous
to that of Natural process of river sand formation.
The process involves breaking granite rocks into smaller pieces and then
feeding them into the machinery installed. Using the rock on rock collision
concept at a high velocity for crushing, they are progressively smashed till the
fine sand granules are formed and impurities are divided. The end result is
ROBOSAND. This ensures grading, shape and quality is absolutely consistent
compared to any other source. All measures have been put on place to
manufacture ROBOSAND strictly as per IS 383, ASTM designation, C-1252-
1993.

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Fig 10: Manufacturing process of Robo sand

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4.3.HOW ROBOSAND IS SUPERIOR TO RIVER SAND?
 Particle shape
It is important to ensure that all the grains of river sand are not of similar size.
But the ROBOSAND is cubical in shape.
 High-Compression Strength:
It is important to ensure that all the grains of sand are not of similar size. Hence
the rocks are cut into tiny cubicles of six grades. The graded grains are then mixed
to produce the manufactured sand. The uniform spread of graded grains prevents
unfilled gaps in a concrete structure. This lends the concrete higher compressive
strength to withstand greater loads
RoboSand particles possess uniform cubicle in shape aspect and possesses
varying internal gradation. This in turn ensures lower uncomplicated voids and
thus ensures greater and better compressive strength to concrete and help
withstand the quirks of greater load fluctuations
 Greater durability
ROBOSAND has balanced physical and chemical properties which increases its
resistance to aggressive environmental and climatic conditions. This means that
constructions using ROBOSAND still look their best even after years and years
of weathering the vagaries of nature.

 Truckloads of advantages
ROBOSAND’S excellent quality offers you exactly what you have always
wanted –enhanced durability, greater strength and overall economy.

 Does away with construction defects

ROBOSAND has optimum initial and final setting time as well as excellent
fineness which will help to overcome the deficiencies of concrete such as
segregation, bleeding, honeycombing, voids and capillary.

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 Superior Quality
Full fledged in- house lab facilities are geared towards conducting all necessary
tests to ensure ROBOSAND adheres to the highest standards. A part from the in-
house monitoring of quality.

 Greater Economy Savings:

It brings about far greater and a sort of unmatched savings and reduced wastage
in overall project and cement costs.

 Easy Availability:

It is available in sufficient quantities and as and when one wants to.

4.4.ADVANTAGES
1. ROBOSAND offers great savings and helps in slashing overall project
cost.
2. ROBOSAND, unlike river sand, contains no impurities which means there
is absolutely no wastage and you get exactly the quantity you paid for.
3. ROBOSAND, with its superior building strength and physical properties,
ensures significant reduction in the cement used in the concrete and masonry
works, thus saving substantially on cement costs.
4. ROBOSAND is ever available to you when you need it and supply
guaranteed…
5. ROBOSAND is in fact “GREEN SAND” it is an eco-friendly product, in
thesense it shows an alternative to the ill- effects (ground water depletion,
water scarcity, fall in farm production threatening the very safety of the
bridges, dams etc..) of dredging, mining and indiscriminate quarrying of river
beds which is posing a great threat to the environment.
6. Available cheaper than river sand.
7. Consistent gradation to avoid screening.

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 CONCLUSION

As government is imposing environmental ban on dredging of river sand

and illegal quarrying, ROBOSAND is the only available option. ROBOSAND
today is poised to be the preferred sand in any construction activity due to its
particle size, high compressive strength, easy availability and cheapness in cost,
eco friendly. In all these respects it is superior to the river sand.
The Government of India is in the process of imposing ban regulation
norms on digging on riverbeds. This comes in the midst of growing
environmental concerns and greater awareness of protection of nature bounties.
When that happens river sand will become a scarce item. And what happens next,
go for alternatives. The alternative is Guess what - Manufactured and quality sand
“RoboSand”.

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