I.

Objectives

Towards the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

 Acquire knowledge and awareness on how to teach and engage children into arts;
 Foster enjoyment and art appreciation in the learning development of children.

II. Preliminary Activity

The class will be divided into three (3) groups. Each group will be given puzzle pieces of a certain
famous art and members are all required to solve the puzzle within three (3) minutes. The first group to
finish the art puzzle is the winning team.

III. Content

Topics Outline

Definition  According to the Oxford dictionary, arts is the expression or application

of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as
painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for
their beauty or emotional power.
 According to Wikipedia, arts is a diverse range of human activities in
creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks), expressing
the author's imaginative, conceptual ideas, or technical skill, intended to
be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power. Other activities
related to the production of works of art include the criticism of art, the
study of the history of art, and the aesthetic dissemination of art.

Art Education  Art education constitutes an important area of curricular activity for the
development of the wholesome personality of the learners. Art is a
process of fulfilment running through every aspect of life and it goes on
in a creative, productive and joyful manner.
 Art education helps to explore various means of communication (verbal
and non-verbal). It encourages developing creative expression and
sharpens senses through keen observation of the environment. It helps
to discover preferences through exposition to variety of material and
identify the personal form and style of expression.
 It develops awareness of various art forms in and around the
environment and locality and develops skills in the use of various tools,
instruments and other art materials in the process of experimentation
 and exploration. In the process of discovering space, organization,
colours, forms, lines, texture, movement, sound, etc., learners develop a
sense of organization and design which inculcates in them a sense of
order with regard to their personal appearance, home, school and
community. It also develops aesthetic sensibilities and respect for social
values and cultural heritage.

In the interest of the learner, as far as possible, all the media of creative arts may
be placed before them to facilitate selection of one form or a combination of art
forms.
These are :

Visual Arts
1. Two-dimensional or Pictorial
- Drawing and Painting
- Collage Making
- Printing
- Photography
- Computer graphics
2. Three-dimensional
- Clay modelling and pottery
- Carving and sculpture
- Construction

Performing and Language Arts

1. Music (Vocal, Instrumental)
2. Movement and Dance
3. Creative Drama and Puppetry
4. Creative Writing and Poetry

Theories In the context of early childhood education, art is the ability or power to create
that is characterized by originality and expressiveness. How children create and
express through lies the different theories.

 Cognitive Theory
- The cognitive development theory of Piaget relates children’s art
to their ability to understand the permanent existence of
objects. (Piaget, 1955)
 Psychoanalytic theory
- The psychoanalytic theory claims that children draw what they
feel and that their art is a reflection of deep inner emotions
(Cole, 1960). This theory holds that children’s artwork is
 influenced by emotions, feelings, and inner psychological drives.
 Perceptual Theory
- The perceptual theory, suggests that children draw what they
see (or perceive), not what they know or feel. Arnheim (1954),
one of this theory’s supporters, believes that children do not see
objects as the sum of observed parts, but that they see wholes
or total images structured by the brain. To Arnheim, perception
is learned, or at least can be improved, through training in visual
discrimination.
 Perception Delineation Theory
- The perceptual delineation theory has been advanced by June
McFee (1970) believes children draw as they do, not because of
any one factor, but because of several.

Stages and The stages of artistic development was studied and used to serve as the guide to
Variation of Artistic help the educators more understand about the child art development. The
Development pioneer of children's artistic development research is Viktor Lowenfeld with his
work, "Creative and Mental Growth", and Rhoda Kellogg with her "Analyzing
Children's Art" have greatly influenced on how the art was taught to students.
Their works became the textbooks especially for art teachers and they learned
that the artistic abilities develop in predictable stages, the same with the stages
of walking, talking or socializing ability. The artistic development of children has
six stages.

 Stage 1 – Scribble Stage (1 – 3 years old)

 Stage 2 – Preschematic Stage (3 – 4 years old)
 Stage 3 – The Schematic Stage (5 – 6 years old)
 Stage 4 – The Dawning Realism (7 – 9 years old)
 Stage 5 – The Pseudo-Naturalistic Stage (10 – 13 years old)
 Stage 6 – The Decision Stage (13 – 16 years old)

These stages will help the educators in awakening and enhancing the artistic
ability of the pupils but these stages will only serve as the guide and must not be
considered or used as a rigid definitive tool for the classroom. The advantage of
knowing the child’s artistic development is it gives the teacher the opportunity
to open the children’s greatest creative potential and guide the students in
enhancing their ability.

Principles of Art The principles of art represent how the artist uses the elements of art to
Program create an effect and to help convey the artist's intent. The principles of art and
design are balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, pattern, rhythm, and
 unity/variety. The use of these principles can help determine whether a painting
is successful, and whether or not the painting is finished.

1. Balance- It refers to the visual weight of the elements of the composition. It is

a sense that the painting feels stable and "feels right." Imbalance causes a feeling
of discomfort in the viewer.
2. Contrast- It is the difference between elements of art in a composition, such
that each element is made stronger in relation to the other. When placed next to
each other, contrasting elements command the viewer's attention. Areas of
contrast are among the first places that a viewer's eye is drawn. Contrast can be
achieved by juxtapositions of any of the elements of art. Negative/Positive space
is an example of contrast. Complementary colors placed side by side is an
example of contrast. Notan is an example of contrast.
3. Emphasis- It is when the artist creates an area of the composition that is
visually dominant and commands the viewer's attention. This is often achieved
by contrast.
4. Movement- It is the result of using the elements of art such that they move
the viewer's eye around and within the image. A sense of movement can be
created by diagonal or curvy lines, either real or implied, by edges, by the illusion
of space, by repetition, by energetic mark-making.
5. Pattern- It is the uniform repetition of any of the elements of art or any
combination thereof. Anything can be turned into a pattern through repetition.
Some classic patterns are spirals, grids, weaves.
6. Rhythm- It is created by movement implied through the repetition of
elements of art in a non-uniform but organized way. It is related to rhythm in
music. Unlike pattern, which demands consistency, rhythm relies on variety.
7. Unity/Variety- You want your painting to feel unified such that all the
elements fit together comfortably. Too much unity creates monotony, too much
variety creates chaos.You need both. Ideally, you want areas of interest in your
composition along with places for your eye to rest.
8. Proportion- It is a principle of art that refers to the relationship of certain
elements to the whole and to each other.
9. Gradation- It is a way of combining elements by using a series of gradual
changes in those elements. (large shapes to small shapes, dark hue to light hue,
etc)
10. Harmony- It is a way of combining similar elements in an artwork to accent
their similarities (achieved through use of repetitions and subtle gradual
changes)

Types of Art Classification of Art

a. Performing Arts -The performing arts refer to the forms of art where an artist
uses his own face, body and presence. The major types of performing arts
include music, opera, dance, and spoken words.
1. Theater -Theatre is an art concerned almost exclusively with live
performances in which the action is precisely planned to create a
coherent and significant sense of drama. The art incorporates a
lot of elements of spoken theatre, including scenery, acting and
costumes. Sometimes it also includes dance. It is also
accompanied by either a musical ensemble or an orchestra.
2. Dance- Dance is a form of performing arts that refers to the art
of moving the body rhythmically and usually in accordance to
music for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion,
releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the movement itself.
3. Music-It is a collection of coordinated sounds. Music is a form of
art whose medium is silence and sound. The word "music" was
derived from the Greek word "mousike" which means the art of
the muses. The common elements of music include rhythm,
pitch, dynamics, timbre and texture

b. Visual
1. Painting
2. Sculpture
3. Architecture
4. Crafts
c. Literary -Literature is the art-form of language, and words are its tools.
1. Prose -Prose is a communicative style that sounds natural and
uses grammatical structure. Prose is the opposite of verse, or
poetry, which employs a rhythmic structure that does not mimic
ordinary speech.
2. Poetry -Poetry is a type of literature based on the interplay of
words and rhythm. It often employs rhyme and meter, a set of
rules governing the number and arrangement of syllables in each
line.
d. Media -The term media art is used to indicate a certain group of art works. In
general, the term media art is understood to apply to all forms of time-related
art works which are createdby recording sound or visual images.
1. Film- A film consists of moving pictures that have been recorded
so that they can be shown at the cinema or on television. A film
tells a story, or shows a realsituation.
2. Digital Art - Digital art is work made with digital technology or
presented on digital technology. This includes images done
completely on computer or hand-drawn images scanned into a
computer and finished using a software program like Adobe
Illustrator. Digital art can also involve animation and 3D virtual
 sculpture renderings as well as projects that combine several
technologies. Some digital art involves manipulation of video
images.
3. Photography- Photography is the art of capturing light with a
camera, usually via a digital sensor or film, to create an image.
With the right camera equipment, you can even photograph
wavelengths of light invisible to the human eye, including UV,
infrared, and radio.

Types of Art

1. Realistic or Representational -Representational artwork aims to

represent actual objects or subjects from reality.
2. Abstract -abstraction aims to take subjects from reality but present them
in way that is different from the way they are viewed in our reality
3. Non Objective -Non-Objective art takes nothing from reality. It is created
purely for aesthetic reasons. The intent of Non-objective art is to use the
elements and principles of art in a way that results in a visually
stimulating work.

Planning for Art Many Childcare providers work with mixed age groups that include children of
Activities different ages. Planning your child care curriculum to include creative art
activities that are appropriate and safe for infants through school agers can be
challenging.
 Choose materials that appeal to different ages
 Encourage age appropriate exploration
 Choose materials that are safe for all ages
 Supervise well
 Create time or space for “big kid”art
Reggio Emilia The Reggio Emilia approach is an educational philosophy focused on pre-school
Approach and primary education. It is a pedagogy described as student-centered and
constructivist that uses self-directed, experiential learning in relationship-driven
environment.
 Key Values of Reggio Emilia approach
- Image of Child
- Parent Involvement
- Role of the Teacher
 Arts in a Reggio Emilia Environment
- A lively reflective, creative and deliberate process of
engagement that deepens and extends the children’s learning.
- Process-focused Art
- Product-focused Art
IV. Post Activity

Based on the topics that was discussed about the different types of art, each group will plan and present
an activity for children and resent infront of the class afterwards.

V. References

Arnheim, R. (1954). Art and visual perception: The psychology of the creative experience. Berkeley, CA:
University of California Press.

Art. (2019, September 24). Retrieved September 28, 2019, from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art.

ART EDUCATION (CODE No. 502) - cbseacademic.nic.in. (n.d.). Retrieved September 28, 2019, from
http://www.cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/Curriculum19/Main-
Secondary/9_ii_ART_EDUCATION.pdf.

Children's Artistic Development: An Overview.(n.d.). Retrieved from http://stmmschool.org/wp-

content/uploads/Childrens-Artistic-Development.pdf

Cole, N. R. (1960). The arts in the classroom. New York: The John Day Co.

Fussell, M. (2019, July 19). The Stages of Artistic Development.Retrieved from

https://thevirtualinstructor.com/blog/the-stages-of-artistic-development.

Goodenough, F. (1926). Measurement of intelligence by drawings. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-music-definition-terminology-characteristics.html

http://www.teach-nology.com/teachers/subject_matter/arts/performing/

https://www.britannica.com/art/theatre-art

https://www.britannica.com/art/dance

http://www.literarydevices.com/prose/

https://literaryterms.net/poetry/

https://www.spps.org/Page/23303

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/film

https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-digital-art-definition-history-examples.html
https://photographylife.com/what-is-photography

https://thevirtualinstructor.com/types-of-art.html

Marder, Lisa. May 22, 2019. The Principles of Art. LiveAbout. Dotdash Publishing Family. Retrieved from:
https://www.liveabout.com/principles-of-art-and-design-2578740

Reggio Emilia. (1987). The hundred languages of children. Westport, CT: Ablex Publishing Corp.

Reggio Emilia Approach (n.d.). Retrieved from:https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggio_emilia_approach

Piaget, J. (1955). The child’s concept of reality. London: Routledge.

Stages of Development (n.d.).Retrieved from https://stagesofartisticdevelopment.weebly.com/stages-

of-development.html.