ENGLiSt (ORMER ‘Managing Editor: Jevin Lim Senior English Language Consultant: Lee Sow Ling [8.A. Hons, Dip Ed, M-Phil] Science Editor: Kerinier Chan English Editor: Shel Sweeney (MA, BA, BTeach) Senior Story Writer: Anita Sebastian Assessment questions from: Shing Lee Publishers Pte Ltd. Publisher: English Corner Publishing Pte Ltd Singapore: Block 1003 Bukit Merah Central #03-05 Inno Centre, Singapore 159836 Tel: (65) 6225 5770 Fax: (65) 6377 0890 Hotline: 9002 0322 (after office hours) Email: sales@englishcorner.sg Website: www.scienceadventures.sg OR www.englishcorner.sg. Hong Kong: GF Education (HK) Limited Mr Alan Lee Tel: +852 97351683 / +852 90712048 jieldbook.net Email: alan@greent All rights reserved. No part of this magazine may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the put Permit No.: MICA (P) 123/08/2016 Printed in Singapore mx Paper from responsible sources FSC 0000000 FSC enn All papers used by English Corner Publishing from 2017 for Science Adventures magazine Levels 1, 2 and 3 are natural, recyclable products made from wood grown in well-managed forests. The manufacturing processes conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin, Ser Uel Tey Editor's Note: Shel Sweeney Welcome to SCIENCE ADVENTURES, an inspiring science magazine. Singapore's First and Best Home- grown Science Story in comic for young children. Packed with easy-to-read science stories and activities, SCIENCE ADVENTURES is specifically designed to initiate learning of science. (Our SCIENCE ADVENTURES series uses stories and fun activities to bring basic scientific concepts to children ina lively way that will feed their natural curiosity and develop a love of reading. Science is FUN and not just a subject taught in school! Anita Sebastian Anita is a local writer and graduate of Zoology from the National University of Singapore. Anita’s ranger Anne series of children’s books were launched at the Singapore Writers Festival. Meet Ranger Jack. Jack is a young zookeeper who loves taking care of the animals at the Zoo. His focus is on animals and conservation. In this issue, help Ryan, 3 smart crow, discover that he is beautiful. ‘And his friend is Olivia, the young naturalist who loves the earth and treasures the nature round her. In every issue, Olivia will highlight one of the environmental issues that we are facing now. You can write to Ranger Jack at Jack. AnimalWhisperer@ gmail.com and to Olivia at Olivia YoungNaturalist@gmail. com. Both Jack and Olivia will reply to your questions as soon as they can. Your question may also appear in an issue of SCIENCE ADVENTURES. So remember to include your name and the name of your school.geo 8 ee eee ee it Beautiful Black Bird “** Y = Two Sweet Taros “= e= ” S systems Se Dad Sleepwalks = | 4 “ General Knowledge Beneficial Bacteria =e* \ = ‘S diversity Using Eco-friendly Bags = The White Smoke Of Aircraff.ceo “meee 0 = Tears Of A Sea Turtle ~7e="” The Brave Edmontosaurus =e S General Knowledge ‘oe Tour To Antelope Canyon ss ‘General Knowledge ’ Bobo's Plant Time Differences = = General Knowledge The Long Bangs Of A Yak== Animal Corner = diversity eatiful Black Bird | love being a crow. Not only can | fly, but | can also eat delicious .and drink from! SASL no. 41One day... ob =p , ele Ftaigec| Urgh! What caw! f oe 5 an ugly crow! Caw! < f a ; caw! h C yas ICA ea el Why am | not as beautiful as that Most of a crow’s feathers and its whole body are black. Even a crow’s beak and legs are black. SASLI n0.41Yes, my dear, you are pretty! You also have sharp eyes, like your dad. But why do some people dislike us? Ryan, don’t worry. Your family and friends love you. Just be yourself. ;- "4 Of course, you "may! You are an intelligent little bird. Mum, can | f | visit some Crows generally live in trees or on the plains. Sometimes, they also perch on electric poles or roofs. SAS UI no. 41 ‘Wow! What a = beautiful bird! | like your white feathers. | wish | was a swan. Thank you. You should visit the zoo, you can see different coloured ts animals there. Wow! Tiger, | like your orange body. It matches with your black stripes. | wish | was a tiger. “omnivorous: animals that Crows are “omnivorous animals that ‘eat both meat and plants like to feed on insects, grains, carrion (rotting meat) and rubbish. SASL 10.41 7- = Y UV Thanks...but If you're interested in y, p | | think you're colours, you should see Asa § luckier, you the snakes over there. SER (9 Ir } Wow! What a beautiful snake! | wish I was a snake. Me, beautiful? You should go and see the peacock by the lake! Why? Is it more beautiful than you? Crows help rid the environment of pollution caused by animal corpses and rubbish. They are beneficial birds because they help clean the environment SAS UI no. 41 ‘Humph... Yes, | am beautiful. That's why humans trap me and pull my feathers. You're the most beautiful animal I’ve ever seen! | wish | was a peacock. be You're right, | You're lucky. You are not I see. We really can’t | J |'d love to open see any of these water the window and _ (droplets at a distance. } / / touch this contrail. YW . 7 No! The vomporatu7) Ohl I'd bo an ica- out there is minus 40 degrees Celsius. You'd be frozen! f lolly if | opened the window! << Okay! Susan, Sam... hold on to your seats! Now I'll show you my flying skills! a _ as Contrails usually occur when the temperatures hit between minus 40 and minus 60 degrees Celsius SASL no. 41 %Wow! Look! Our Yikes! Professor... plane has left so | get it, you fly the many beautiful plane better than contrails! you ride a bike. ri Okay! That's enough flying today. Let's go on “fuselages: the main body Since jet airplanes fly too high, we of aircraft often don't see their “fuselages, but only see their contrails. SASL no, 41 aGenerally, jet airplanes can produce contrails at altitudes from 7,000 to 10,000 metres. Contrails are difficult to form anywhere | beyond this range. — Most contrails don't exist for too long and usually disappear quickly. However, some contrails can exist for over an hour, if conditions are favourable, and expand into wider clouds. When aircraft are performing at an air show, they leave colourful, beautiful and different-shaped smoke trails. These smoke trails are not contrails, but smoke agents made of chemicals and pigments.Wow! What a beautiful beach!, “EL | = 3 Babar, I’m going swimming now! rv a: SASLI 0.41 ”, Phew... Time to Now | have to dig a z ' big hole lay my little eggs! C) sea turtle doing? S Babar, wake up! Look! There’s a sea turtle over there! ry a large group of non-flowering plants ‘that includes seaweed Boswell as many single- celled plants Sea turtles live in oceans, drink seawater and feed on marine creatures and “algae. They absorb a great amount of salt from seawater. SAS UI no. 41 “Oh, look, Jabbar! The poor sea turtle is crying! Maybe it has sand in its eyes? Oh? | don't think so. Perhaps it hurts to lay Maybe it was bullied by other sea turtles! The sea turtle has an organ called the “salt gland” behind each eye socket. The salt gland is used to rid excess sall from the sea turtle’s body. SASLI 0.41 iSea turtle, why are you crying? Tell us, we'll Huh? No! I'm not crying take care of and | wasn't bullied... Then, why are you crying? ‘excreting: releasing Sea turtles shed “tears” on the shore and in the sea, but we just can't see the tears in the seawater. SAS UI no. 41 aHuh? Why do you have a | live in the sea all year ? to excrete your salt? round and that is why | have excess salt in my body. Shedding tears is a way Ha, ha... to get rid of the excess I see. We salt from my body. thought you were crying. I've laid my eggs. It's time | went back to the sea. Please keep an eye on my eggs... Bye. The excretion of excess salt is a characteristic that the sea turtle developed in order to “adapt to living in the ocean. 0 adjust to different fons or environments SASLI n0.41ss Dinosaur Land | = ceneraiknomedge The Brave & Edmontosaur us “a EasShall we go to the river for a drink? Afully-grown Edmontosaurus could reach up to 13 metres in length and weighed about 4 tons. It was a large hadrosaurid (duck-billed) dinosaur. SASL no. 41 Yes! That's a good idea! Large Edmontosaurus compared with a 1.8 metre tall person ° DIMENSIONS IN METRES Ce ener waaee coOh, no! We’re ripples in the in danger! river. —— Twannosauae (7 is coming! your life! <<(0" , 8 , , “herbivorous: animals The Edmontosaurus was a that only eat plants “herbivorous dinosaur that could eat tough plants. SASLI n0.41Xd PI... Please... Don’t eat us! Huh? Where are my two friends? Research shows that the Edmontosaurus. could run up to 45 kilometres per hour. SAS UI no. 41 4“Tyrannosaurus 0 wants to eat my friends! Ouch! Boo. hoo... That Phew...we're Thank you for coming back to You are so brave! (0 SS om 3. ‘ossified: turned into bone or bony The tail “vertebrae of tissue the Edmontosaurus had Beene ean atchees “ossified “tendons that could muscle to bone make the tail stay stiff. “vertebrae: the small bones that form the backbone SASLI n0.41 9"$90} pajooy easy} pey Jay Pury sy Jo yoeF yoeq sy! ul aulds Buoys & pey } “no asom Aay} se paoedas Ayuejsu0o aM Y}aa} MAN “Y}99} JO spuesnoy} pey yynoui sy |Unusual Riddles. Boner ‘Knowledge S lope Canyon "| Is everybody ready for ee a magical adventure? Antelope Canyon here TX A we come! ini We're off to the Corkscrew Canyon! SASL no, 41 slHurry up, Knowly... | can't wait to take photographs of this place. Wow! Look at the colour of Antelope Canyon! It is so beautiful! No wonder it is the most photographed slot canyon in the world. Welcome to Antelope Canyon, I’m Jim, your guide for this magical tour. or. ow ‘era: a period of time Antelope Canyon is one of the most famous slot canyons in the world. It is located in northem Arizona, America. The name Antelope Canyon comes from an ‘era when antelopes ran wild in the canyons. SAS LI no. 41 2“Now please, follow me into the Upper Antelope Canyon... Woohoo! I can’t wait! Antelope Canyon is very special! The canyon walls feel ) so solid and smooth. The canyon has two parts: Upper Antelope Canyon and Lower Antelope Canyon. Upper Antelope Canyon, is also known as the Corkscrew, which is the more popular of the two canyons. SASL 10.41 aLook! There’s a oy CP z: of light coming in ——— That sunlight beams into the shafts directly from openings at Oh, no wonder the top of the canyon. It rarely they're so excited. The view of the sun's rays in Antelope Canyon is constantly changing. Only for a short time at noon & can sunlight shine through some of the cracks and to | the bottom of the canyon. SAS LI no. 41 4Come on, Knowly! Let's take pictures of this rare view. = Let's take a group shot of all the ‘shutterbug: a person who enjoys taking photographs: The road to Antelope Canyon is gated by the Navajo Nation and entry is restricted to guided tours led by authorised tour guides only. -* SASL 10.41 5Antelope Canyon was formed after soft sandstone was eroded over millions of years. Mainly it was flash flood erosion followed by wind erosion. The geological structure of Antelope Canyon is red sandstone. The colour of the sun’s rays changes more constantly in deeper parts of the canyon. The sandstone can appear orange, purple Tourists can go in only when they are led by native Navajo "\ tour guides. This is for the protection of natural and cultural heritage, and also for the safety of the tourists. =<Comedy Zone Senora Knowledge Bobos Plant This is my I'm going to take first potted good care of it. plant ever. I won't let the wind blow it. Two days later... Oh, no! My plant has withered... Why are you crying? You're the one who The basic conditions necessary for plant made ihe Plant witier| growth are sunlight, water and air. Aside from this, suitable temperatures and sufficient growing space are essential as well. With all these conditions, plants are able to grow “vigorously. Baa ssi vas see SASLI 0.41 aTime Differences Today 3:00 PM Bobo, why do you look Hi, Jovi Are you there? I'm bored. Let's chat!! Delivered I've been waiting for two hours and my American friend still hasn't replied to me! It's very early in the morning in America now. Your friend might be sleeping! (Oh, no! I've already }) ‘Wow! That's Ci area Wot re Countries around the world are located messages! in different time zones, so they have time differences. The sun can only shine on one side of the earth at a time and all the countries are in different locations. Jet lag exists because the earth revolves. SASLI no. 41 58=. General Knowledge ‘e The Long Bangs Of A IQ Corner d cet a = SS $6 | ide WITS fh Ouch! | didn’t r C__) see that rock! ES Lid hee | 2 Q a S 2 SJ A ! Wu» 'd wish | could shave off all my long hair. mary ings like this wi You can't do that! have to wor _| Our long hair is one ant iu : r of our features. Y LG it bumping into anything! Ss . iz eS TR GA, YS GP 7 SASLI 0.41 9° “? The yak is a “herbivore that lives in extremely cold areas. It is a cattle breed that lives in the highest place above sea level in the world. The long hair on the yak keeps it warm, which helps it survive in extremely cold conditions. Yaks are good at walking on dangerous roads, snowy mountains and in swamps. They are mainly distributed in “herbivore: an animal China's Qinghai-Tibet plateau in places that are 3,000 metres _mfich ects plants only above sea level. Local “herdsmen, merchants and mountain who watches over a climbers often use yaks to carry their heavy stuff. herd of animals such ‘as cows or sheep Singapore: 62255770 (office hours) / 90020322 cree eee ee iar d coor RCS Ur a) Se eu as} Peete aes) a I DRA ee te Ue Cut ee rc)