Aceret, Princess Zyrielle Joy P.

1 BSA-BKA

1. Hypothesis testing is a statistical method that is used in making

statistical decisions using experimental data. It is basically an
assumption that we make about the population parameter.

 Null hypothesis: Null hypothesis is a statistical hypothesis that

assumes that the observation is due to a chance factor. Null
hypothesis is denoted by; H0: μ1 = μ2, which shows that there is
no difference between the two population means.

 Alternative hypothesis: Contrary to the null hypothesis, the

alternative hypothesis shows that observations are the result of
a real effect.

Example:
 Blood glucose levels for obese patients have a mean of 100 with
a standard deviation of 15. A researcher thinks that a diet
high in raw cornstarch will have a positive or negative effect
on blood glucose levels. A sample of 30 patients who have tried
the raw cornstarch diet have a mean glucose level of 140. Test
the hypothesis that the raw cornstarch had an effect.

Step 1: State the null hypothesis: H0:μ=100

Step 2: State the alternate hypothesis: H1:≠100

Step 3: State your alpha level. We’ll use 0.05 for this
example. As this is a two-tailed test, split the alpha into
two. 0.05/2=0.025

Step 4: Find the z-score associated with your alpha level.

You’re looking for the area in one tail only. A z-score for
0.75(1-0.025=0.975) is 1.96. As this is a two-tailed test,
you would also be considering the left tail (z=1.96)

Step 5: Find the test statistic using this formula: z score

formula
z= (140-100)/(15/√30)=14.60.

Step 6: If Step 5 is less than -1.96 or greater than 1.96

(Step 3), reject the null hypothesis. In this case, it is
greater, so you can reject the null.
2. Parametric Testing is a hypothesis testing procedure based on the
assumption that observed data are distributed according to some
distributions of well-known form up to some unknown parameter/s on which
we want to make inference.

For example, the population mean is a parameter, while the sample mean
is a statistic. A parametric statistical test makes an assumption about
the population parameters and the distributions that the data came from.
These types of test include Student’s T tests and ANOVA tests, which
assume data is from a normal distribution.

3. Nonparametric Testing do not rely on any distribution. They can thus be

applied even if parametric conditions of validity are not met. It refers
to a statistical method in which the data is not required to fit a
normal distribution. Nonparametric statistics uses data that is often
ordinal, meaning it does not rely on numbers, but rather on a ranking
or order of sorts.

Example:
 A survey conveying consumer preferences ranging from like to dislike
would be considered ordinal data.

 A researcher that wants an estimate of the number of babies in North

America born with brown eyes may decide to take a sample of 150,000
babies and run an analysis on the data set. The measurement that
they derive will be used as an estimate of the entire population of
babies with brown eyes born the following year.