Biology quiz answers

Jashan/8B

Essay:

21.
Materials:
- A plant leaf
- Ethanol
- Water
- Bunsen Burner
- Heat-proof mat
- Forceps
- Beaker glass
- Clamp and stand
- Test Tube
- Iodine
- White tile

Procedures:
Safety precautions:
- Wear safety goggles
- Do not take ethanol near an open flame.
Procedure:
1. Prepare the Bunsen burner using the stand, clamp and heat proof mat. Place the
heat proof mat over the Bunsen burner.
2. Fill a beaker glass with water and bring to a boil by placing it over the Bunsen burner.
3. Fill a test tube with ethanol and bring to a boil. After it boils, put the leaf in the
ethanol carefully using forceps to remove the chloroplast in the leaf and prevent any
further reactions from taking place.
4. Boil the leaf until the ethanol turn a bit dark green to soften the leaf and then take
the leaf out.
5. After taking the leaf out using forceps, spread the leaf onto the white tile.
6. Then add iodine solution onto the leaf.
7. Observe!

Result:
If the leaf turns blue-black when added iodine solution to it, that means the leaf
contains starch. If it doesn’t change color, it means the leaf has been de-starched. When we
boiled the leaf, the chlorophyll got dissolved into the ethanol, which helped us see the
colorless grains of carbohydrate, or also known as starch.

22.
Plants have the most suitable structure to do photosynthesis because of these
examples which prove their structure is right for their function:
- The epidermis cells are tightly packed together to protect the internal tissues of the
leaf. The upper epidermis is also transparent sometimes so the sunlight can enter
the mesophyll through the transparent layer of epidermis. They also have one layer
so that the layer doesn’t become too thick and the layer doesn’t let light in.
- The palisade and spongy mesophyll cells contain chloroplast which helps them to
their main task which is to do photosynthesis.
- The xylem has thick cell walls because they need to do their job which is to transport
water and nutrients for photosynthesis. They have a thick cell wall to face the gravity
and pressure while carrying water from the roots.
- The phloem has a sieve plate because they need to transport carbohydrate(glucose)
throughout the plant and it should be only the good things, so they filter whatever
goes through the plant.
- The stomata has guard cells to control the air that goes in and out of the plant. They
also have an opening which supports their function which is gas exchange. They have
chloroplasts in the guard cells which allows the leaf to do photosynthesis
straightaway without delay.
- The leaf has such a structure that all the tissues are needed for photosynthesis.
Without one tissue, the photosynthesis is impossible.