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Communication Network - Group 1
Communication Network - Group 1
Kevin (1706064694)
Muhammad Rifqi Haryadi P (1706064776)
M. Reyhanfasya (1706064763)
Rivaldo Varianto (1706064795)
Stefanus Adhika Pradhana (1706064826)
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-probability-in-math-definition-lesson-quiz.html
Concept of Probability
● A probability is a number that reflects the chance or likelihood that a particular event
will occur. Probabilities can be expressed as proportions that range from 0 to 1, and they
can also be expressed as percentages ranging from 0% to 100%. A probability of 0 indicates
that there is no chance that a particular event will occur, whereas a probability of 1
indicates that an event is certain to occur. A probability of 0.45 (45%) indicates that
there are 45 chances out of 100 of the event occurring.
Age (years)
5 6 7 8 9 10 Total
Boys 432 379 501 410 420 418 2,560
Girls 408 513 412 436 461 500 2,730
Totals 840 892 913 846 881 918 5,290
Unconditional Probability
If we select a child at random (by simple random sampling), then each child has the same
probability (equal chance) of being selected, and the probability is 1/N, where N=the
population size. Thus, the probability that any child is selected is 1/5,290 = 0.0002. In
most sampling situations we are generally not concerned with sampling a specific individual
but instead we concern ourselves with the probability of sampling certain types of
individuals.
For example, what is the probability of selecting a boy or a child 7 years of age? The
following formula can be used to compute probabilities of selecting individuals with
specific attributes or characteristics.
Discrete and
variable associated with
this experiment, then x
takes on two possible
The function
Function
of value pairs (xi, yj),
i, j = 1, 2, . . ., with
nonzero probabilities. The
jpmf of X and Y is defined
by that function.
3.3.3. Joint Probability Density Function
As in the case of single random variables, probability
density functions become appropriate when the random
variables are continuous. The joint probability density
function (jpdf) of two random variables, X and Y , is
defined by the partial derivative
https://www.youtube
.com/watch?v=PByj
AyrJu1Y&t=616s
3. Discrete Probability
Distribution
What is a discrete distribution?
A discrete distribution describes the probability of occurrence of each value of a discrete random variable. A discrete random variable
is a random variable that has countable values, such as a list of non-negative integers.
With a discrete probability distribution, each possible value of the discrete random variable can be associated with a non-zero
probability. Thus, a discrete probability distribution is often presented in tabular form.
Discrete Distribution Variance
● Binomial Distribution
● Geometric Distribution
● Negative Binomial
● Hypergeometric Distribution
● Poisson Distribution
Binomial Distribution
The random variable is the number of repeated trials, X, that produce a certain number of successes, r. In
other words, it’s the number of failures before a success. This is the main difference from the binomial
distribution: with a regular binomial distribution, you’re looking at the number of successes. With a
negative binomial distribution, it’s the number of failures that counts.
When we hear the term negative, we might think that a positive distribution is flipped over the x-axis,
making it negative. However, the “negative” part of negative binomial actually stems from the fact that one
facet of the binomial distribution is reversed: in a binomial experiment, you count the number of Successes
in a fixed number of trials; in the above example, you’re counting how many aces you draw. In a negative
binomial experiment, you’re counting the Failures, or how many cards it takes you to pick two aces.
The Negative Binomial Formula
Solving Negative Binomial Experiment Problems
Negative Binomial
The following notation can be helpful, when we talk about negative binomial
probability.
Memoryless Property:
This distribution has a memoryless property, which means it
“forgets” what has come before it. In other words, if you
continue to wait, the length of time you wait neither
increases nor decreases the probability of an event
happening. Any time may be marked down as time zero.
Gamma Distribution
The gamma distribution is a family of
right-skewed, continuous probability distributions.
These distributions are useful in real-life where
something has a natural minimum of 0. For
example, it is commonly used in finance, for
elapsed times, or during Poisson processes.
Gamma Distribution
Gamma Distribution PDF
Where
Γ(x) = the gamma function.