Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Enterprise 4 Workbook PDF
Enterprise 4 Workbook PDF
ENTERPR
SE4
Virginio Evqns
Jenny Dooley
/r-'-\
zb4N
Express
Publishing
Publishedby ExpressPublishing
LibertyHouse,NewGreenhamPark,Newbury,
BerkshireRGl9 6HW
Tel.:(0044)1635817363
Fax (0044)1635817463
e-mail:inquiries@expresspublishing.co.uk
http://www.expresspublishing.co.uk
O VirginiaEvans- JennyDooley,1997
Designand lllustration
O ExpressPublishing,
1997
First published1997
Newedition2001
lsBN 1-84216-823-1
Acknowledgements
Theauthorsand publisherswish to thankthe tollowingwho havekindlygivenpermissionfor the use of
copyrightmaterial.
. -, i .fi tr.ar.rF:\BS
Inexercise1 youaregiven a textfromwhichsomesen- Paul soon becamean expert;he knew eveMhing about
lencesorshonparagraphs havebeentaken out.These.:l eachferry- how big it was, how many passengersit car-
aregivenina jumbled orderandyourtaskis10tindwhich ried and what sort of restaurantit had. m []
senlence or shortparagraphfitseachone0f thenum- "Peoplecould ring me up and, for free, l'd tell them all
beredblanks. Thereis oneextrasentence 0r paragraph about the ship they were travellingon," said Paul.The
whichyoumuslnotinclude inyouranswers.
servicewas so popular that he developedit by making
Steps
. Read thetextcarefully.. Gothrough themissing people'sferrybookingsas well.
sentences 0rparagraphs andlookfor"key"words,
plonouns: Paul'sfirstcustomerswerehis neighboursandfriendsof
e.g.demonslratives:this/these, he/they,
possessive adieclives: her/his,linkingwords: his parents.His reputationhas grownquickly,because
therelore/however,etc.tohelpyoufit themintothe he triesto offera littlebit morethan similarservices.
correct sDacesinthetext. ffiiHl__;
They are also informedabout all port facilities.Everytrip
is led by two of his staff,and he has just hired three new
qirls to help out. His emploveeshaveto -work - two hours
ifterschool,fourdays *""r,. ffi.ff Instead,
Look at the title of the text and guess what it is about.
he hopesto join P & O "Ferries,and sailthe Channelreg-
Guesswhetherthe followingstatements aretrueor
falsethen readquicklythroughthe textand see if your ulady.He has alreadyenteredhis nameon theirwaiting
guesseswere correq. list for jobs.
a,! PaulWoodburyworkswith hisfather.
Pauldidn'tlikeboatsin the past. ffil&l t-:l ButwhenPathearsherson'sbusiness
Paul'sfirstcustomerswerehis schoolmates. voicespeakingto a customeron the telephone,she still
{ Read the article 'bel,rrii,and can't believe it is the same fourteen-year-oldboy who
ehoose f! o;:r i.he
leaveshis dirty socks on the floor and who disappears
s.intences (A-H) the one r.r,rrir:lllits ear:h gi-rp
(1-6). There is one errlrar sciilicltice irhicln i',Lr,u
whenhe is supposedto do the washing-up.
don't have to use.
i] "So when he was six we took him on a sea
trip to help him get over his fear."
F! His parents,Pat and David,have now had a
Whileother boys are playingfootballor computergames, few monthsto get used to the idea of their
Paul Woodbury is running his own travel company: schoolboyson runninga business.
CorringhamFerryTravel. He startedit in Januarythis year, and it's
ffi i_q:i growing rapidly.
Paulis only fourteenbut he has the very grown-uptitle ol However,nelit year he hopesto expandthe
ManagingDirector.He and his staffof six otherfourteen- companyand offer even more holidaysto
year-oldsorganisecoach trips, terry crossingsand short destinationsincludingthe lsle ot Wight,
weekendholidaysfrom his "office"- a spare bedroomin lrelandand Spain.
his parentsEssexhome.lm i_--, As a resultof this interesthe set uo a ser-
vice called FerryInformationtwo years ago.
So far Paul has booked more than fifty trips for individu- For example,his day-tripcustomersare
als and groups, and he is an officialagent of many big given a fact sheet tellingthem all about
ferrycompanies.At the moment,he is busy organising the ferry they wil! travelon.
Christmasshoppingtrips to Dunkirk,and a trip to France Young Paulhopes to get a computerfor
for sixty pupilsfrom his school. Christmasso that he can reallyimprovehis
Paul'spassion for ferriesstartedwhen his mum and dad company,but he doesn't want to be a
travelagentwhen he leavesschool.
took him to Francefor the day. "Whenhe was very small
He avoidsfashionablehotelsand
he was nervousand didn'tlikeboats."savsPaul'smum.
re$auranls,
Er--t
4
People& lobs Unit I
5 fitrd the odd word out. I Guess the meaning of the following idioms
and fill in the gaps.
HEIGHT: small,short,muscular, tall
fls slrcng es an ox, has her hantlsfull, os 6u.ryas
BUILD: slim,thin,skinny,round a bee,lws Tuhetit tahes,as pretty as a picture,
SKIN: tanned,plump,dark,pale ctsctttttting as a fox, as coal as tt cucumber
FAGE: wavy,lreckled,wrinkled,oval
She .................--.. to be an actress.She is
EYES: slanting,bright,almond-shaped,permedtalented
and hard-working.
EYEBROWS:thick,bushy,square,thin Janet works full-timeand takes care of two children
NOSE: upturned, well-built,
curved, crooked a s w e l l ;s h e r e a l l y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHIN: hooked, double,pointed, round I couldn'tpick up the heavybox but Fred liftedit eas-
LIPS: thin,lull,long,thick ily- heis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .! . - .
HAIR: curly,wavy,blond,overweight S h e ' s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .s.h. .e;
fooled her opponentand won the game.
CLOTHES: smart,tattooed,shabby,elegant
Vickyis...............
she neverpanicsabout anything-
6 Describethe peoplein the pictures. He alwayshas a lot ol work to do: he's
(run)hisownphotog-
Stuart1) .........-.....
raphybusiness. He really2)
(enloy) his work as it is also his
favouritepastime.Usually,he 3)
(work) at his shop,
where he 4) ...................
(sell) all kinds of photo-
graphic equipment. This
afternoon,
he 5) ..................
(take) photographsof his
7 Fill in the correct prepositions. friend's wedding. Next week,
Stuart6) .....................
(fly)to Australia
Brianis very serious.........going to university;he to takesomewildlilephotographs.
wantsto succeed.......the careerhe has chosen.
My businesspartnerwasverypleased......me when
b Tracy is a stewardess.
I arrived........the officeearlierto help him.
She1) ...................
(wear)a
EversinceLindaarrived.......Londonshe has been
uniformat work.On herdays
living.......her cousin's.
off, however, she 2l
They finallydecided .......a watch as a birthdaypre-
(dress) in a
sent for Sue.
casuallyelegantway.She3)
Tracy is thinking .......leavingher presentiob in
(preter)to wear
order to get a Master'sdegree in businessadmin-
designerjeansand pullovers
istration.
with colourful scarves
Johnprelersreading.......goingout;he doesn'trea!
wrappedaround her neck.
ly likesocialising .......a lot of people. But tomorrow she 4)
I'm worried.......Tom, he hasn'tcalledfor weeks- |
(go) to a dinner
warnedhim .......travellingon his own,but he would partyso she 5) ..............
not listen. (plan) to wear something
Joanneis so serious.......her schoolwork thatshe is moreformal.
verypopular.......all her teachers.
6
People€t lobs Unit I
8
People€t lobs [JnitI
collection
.l 'i* rihe i'oXlow-i.lgt.-:<t r'.ri!i ih: con'ect
o-,.',,*rip.Lerie
derivative c,f ihe worrtrs in li oltl. Th,: f,irst o;i,e
, i i 1 F i ' r , ' . i ' r t , ' , , , t r : .1 r . { ) r ' r'r. ' has *reendone al an el.xavnni:.
r{'Drdsir'i};r':!cl{e ;s.
Bruce is definitelya (0)
Matthewis not a ....................... (decide)person;he .Eccialzre.(socrar) man.
can'tmakeup his mindaboutanything. He has a lot of lriends
M r S m i t h ' sp r e s e n t a t i ow
n a s s o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .because
... he is always
(impress) that the company bought his product. ( 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .(.c. .h e e t ) ,
We gave Howard a special gift to show our (2) ............ (rety) and
(appreciate) for all the hard work he readyto help anyone in
i ..,/
had done ior us. need.When it comes to
His most prized (possess) is a painting 3) ............ (danget) sit-
by Picasso. uations, Bruce always
Sheworean ....................... (atfract)outfit;everyone a c t sq u i t e( 4 ) . . . . . .
said she looked very smart. (brcve). Fot example,a
Theyorganiseda ......................... (demonstrate)to few weeks ago he
protestagainstcrueltyto animals. saved a little boy's (5)
An artist needs to be very Greate) in (rive) by pulling him out of the path of a
order to be successful. speeding truck. When it comes to giving advice, he is
I The film had a very.................. (imagine)plot. alwaysvery (6) . . . . (help) and (7) ................. (sup-
(consruct) of the new shopping porf). However,he can be rather(8) ...............
9 The .................... (aggtes-
centreis expectedto be completedin two years. sion), especiallywhen he is driving - sometimes he
Teachersshould be (obl'ect) when it drivesso (9) ............... (careress)thathis lriendsaretoo
comesto markinotheirstudents'work. (10) . . . . (fiight) to get in the car with him.
I
Placesto Visit
of sportand activity,whileyou would prefera chanceto
relax in naturalsurroundingsand experiencea bit of
cultureas well.Why nol try Swansea,the holidaydesti-
nationwithsomethingfor everyone?
yOuhave
Inthisexercise toreadatextwhichhasnumbered
paragraphs.
Yourtaskislo matcheachparagraph wrththe
conect headingfromthelistgiven.
Thereisoneextra
head- lo start with, the beaches around Swanseaare a
ingyoudon'tneed touse. playtimeparadise,withcleansandand sparklingwater.
Sleps Thereis no end to the thingsyou can do. The lit|e ones
. First,readtheheadings andthenthetexttogeta can build sandcastlesand paddle on the shore,while
general
ideaofthecontent. older childrencan take part in activitiessuch as wind-
. Ineachparagraph, tryto spotthesentence
orkey surfingand sailing.Grown-upswill enjoy lazingon the
wordwhich gives
themain idea. beachwhileadmiringthe beautifulscenery.
. Finally,findtheheading which matchesthemain
ideaoteach paragraph.
Forthosewho don'tfancysunbathingor watersports, the
surroundingcountrysidehas lots to offer. Picturesque
coastalpathsand naturetrailsare idealfor long walks.
Moreover,medieval caslles,ancientburial sites and
parksand gardenscan all be easilyreached.
spectacular
Pastand presentcombined.
The culturally-minded
wjll find plentyto suit their tastesin
Forthe adventurous
only. Swansea.The SwanseaGrandtheatrehas offeringsrang-
ing fromcomedy10opera.Thereis alsoan outdoorlheatre
Weatherprooffun.
at OystermouthCastle, where opera and the plays of
Seasidepleasures. Shakespeareare performed.For those interestedin the
visualarts,Swansea'smunicipalart galleryhousesa vari-
A junglein the heartof Swansea. ety of works by famous artistssuch as Dor6, Gwen and
AugustusJohnand GrahamSuthedand.
greeneryeither.Frogs,snakes,spidersand birdscanbe
seen in their naturalsurroundings,and the butterfly
house,with its colourfulcreatures fromthe world'srain-
forests,is notto be missed.So il yourholidayplansare
SPEAI(ERS'
stillup in the air,don'ihesitate- cometo Swansea and
havethe holidavof a lifetime!
, Look at the words in bold in the text and trv . Talkaboutsummerholidaysin Swansea
to explain them, includingthefollowinginformation:
Cannesis a famousEuropeanholiday........
. Now,compareand contrastSwansea
and
A camp B resort C hotel D accommodation London.
\\,itffitWixrx,
p,{ I tt
\
hillside tr-T^i#:,:-Y::::f:!
5 Mut.h the idioms with their definitions.
!r',r'",,r;r;':::!;!i:Y
1 lt's a smallworld. a. Onecanruninto :,"1:Yi::r::i:
\':,!#',# :##*i'i*"il,,i
An Englishman's
somebody theyknow
almostanywhere.
b, Whenvisitinga place
t';:,#{
:iiii";}'ii)#:if,:,l
i-# i::.iA
;, \
homeis hiscastle. alwaysrespectits
customsandtradilions.
,r';:,"',#"r!":"*t'"^?:',tn ,*;;;\
There'sno placelike
nome.
c. Whatever methods
youusewillhavethe {' ::#:::;,f#e;'f"l!',,'
#iii,i ","',r",i' I *"
*)i,a
sameresult. see
WelL, youin a ol w?(N
coupk
All roadsleadto d. An Englishman feels \, ^ir,r' i
Rome. satesianddoesas he 1 lave,
wishesin hishome. t tou'o
Whenin Romedo as e. One'shomeis the \.
the Romansdo. bestplaceto be.
ll
Unit2 Placesto Visit
9 Label the different parts of the house and garden using words from the list.
Places
to Visit
14
Placesto Visit Unit2
l5
Stories
The tribesmensurrounded Cliveand pushedhim for-
ward. He startedto run. As they were obviouslyused to
movingthroughthe lungle,they quicklycaughtup with
him and steered him towardsan areawhere it was eas-
youhaveto reada textfollowed
Inthisexercise byfour- ierto walk.
optionmultple questions
choice anddecide whichoption Clivecouldn'tunderstandwherethey were leading
bestanswers
each questjon. \ him. He wasn'tfrightened, but he did feel lost,hot and
Sleps
. Read lhrough thewhole
textcarefully
il tired.Justwhenhe thoughttherewas no way out,he saw
Fay'sparachutehangingfrom some nearbytrees.
i\i
. Lookattftequestions
andlrytoanswerlhem
without "Fay!"he shouted,and he ran towardsthe parachute.
lookino
attfiechoices. Faywas sittingon a fallentreewith a tribesmanstand-
. Read through thechoicesforeachqueslion
and ing nextto her.Whenshe stood up to run,the tribesman
choose toyouranswer.
theonethatisclosest triedto stop her.She broke free and ranto Clive,but just
as they got close to each other, they felt the ground
below them give way. They had fallen into quicksand,
andtheywerebothsinking.
The tribesmen held out their spears to them and
pulledthem out. They led the Duffysthroughthe jungle
Skimthroughthe textand thinkof a suitabletitlefor it. untilthey were closeto a clearing wherethey could sig-
Guesswhetherthe followinostatementsare true or nal for help.The Duffysrealisedthat from the beginning
false,then readquicklythro-ughthe textand checkif the natives had only been tryingto helpthem, but when
your guesseswerecorrect. they turnedaroundto thankthem,they were gone.
The Duffys'planewas goingto landsafely.
Clive'sparachutewas caughtin the branchesof a
tree. 1 The Duffys'safetywas uncertainbecause
The tribesmenweretryingto killthe Dufiys. A theyweren'tsuretheycouldlandthe plane.
B theywereflyingoverthe jungle.
C their parachuteshad blown away.
D theywereflyingoverthe Amazonriver.
2 WhenClivelanded,he
The Duffyshad beenflyingtheirtwo-seaterplaneover A was not ableto move.
the Amazon when they started having engine trouble. B heardFaycallinghim.
Theysoon realisedthe planewas goingto crashand had C saw Fay's parachute.
no choice but to try to parachute to safety.They pre- D tried to locateFay.
pared themselvesand jumped. The wind was gusting
and FayDutfy'sparachutequicklydrifted away from her 3 Why did Clivestandstill?
husband's.Clivehopedthey would both land safelyand A He saw somethingstrange.
find each other on the ground, but even that was B He thoughtFaywas coming.
C He knewsomeonewas nearhim.
uncertainas they were headingfor the thick treesof the
D He heardpeopletalking.
Jungle.
Clive'sparachutegot caughtin a tree.He managedto 4 WhenClivetriedto run away,the tribesmen
free himselfand jump to the ground,but he couldn'tsee A surroundedhim.
whereFay had landed.He begancallingher nameas he B arresledhim.
walkedtowardswherehe thoughtshe might be, but the C forcedhim to walk.
junglebecameso thickthathe couldn'tgo on. D guidedhim to a placewithfewertrees.
He heard tree branchessnapping close by and he
5 WhenFaysaw Cliveshe
realisedsomeonewas walkingtowards him. He called
Fay's name again, but there was no answer.He stood A brokedown.
B rantowardshim.
perfectlystill,awarethat someonewaswatchinghim,but
C was unableto move.
he couldn't see who it was. Then he saw them coming D fell intoa pool.
out lrom behindthe trees.A group of tribesmen wearing
hardly any clothes and carrying long wooden spears 6 In the end,the Duffysfelt
came towards him. They spoke in a language Clive A frightened.
couldn't understand,but he assumedthey were talking B helpless.
abouthim. C grateful.
D angry.
StoriesUnit3
IE;
Stories
2 "Please,pleasehelp me," the womansaidto Peler. The follorving modals change as follows in
Reported speech:
3 "Don'ttalkto strangers,"
herfathersaidto her.
may + might (possibility\lcould
(per-
4 "Takeoff vourshoes."Mothersaidto us. mission)
must + had to (obligation)
5 "Pickup your books,"Sandrasaidto her son. must + must (deductionlpossibilu)
needn't + didn't needto/didn'thaveto
(presentreference); wouldn't
havelo (tuturcreference)
The verb tense does not change in Reported can t could (prcsentreference)i
speech in the following situations: would be ableto (tuturereter-
ence)
mustn't { mustn't
verbis in anypresemor should t should
whentheintroductory the
i"i"rt-'r"".". e'g' "l've always.enioyed
shesays'
."rce anOquletot thecountryside"' 17 Turn the following sentencesinto Reported
enioYedlhe
In" .rtt that she has always speech without using any special introducto-
oeaceand quietot thecountryside' past' ry verbs.
in unreal
i"i"n tn" re;ortedsentenceis "OKchil-
,VO"2/3or wishese'g' "You mustn't miss the staff meeting,"the director
"""in,"^"'" Fathersaidto
li"n, ',=,,t"-tou '"ent to bed!" said.
we wentto
J"l i"ti", tori '" thatit wastime
"Youshouldbrushyourteethaftereverymeal,
bed.
sentence describesa nar- Kevin,"
thedentistsaid.
wnentnereported or
regulation'
ur"i onuno."non,a law or "Thelettermayarrivetomorrowmorning,Gary,"
exoressesdutyor a generaltruth'
li|ao iut", the
air.pollution"' Martinsaid.
".n. ""u"" thattactory
i"Ln", suii Theleachersaid "Youneedn'twaterthe plantsnow,Jane,"said
fumescauseait Pollution- Susan.
iGr-eec"i" ol ancienthistoryandtra-
" "ountry tourists The
Oitio",;,n" guide said to ihe is a 5 "Theymusthaveknownaboutthemeeting,"
t",o i-he tourists thal Greece Robert
said.
tradition'
countryot ancienthistoryand
"rlo"
20
StoriesUnit3
18 Report the following sentences using the 2O Tr..tr this shorl text into Direct speech.
introductory verbs below.
Mark,Carly,Simonand myselfwereJree-camping on a
Lllft:(lnt, su!gr'\1.rlcnt',olJt'r, n'.lirst,trgtlt, uli,itr,
hillsidelast summer.lt was my first time camping,so I
rlologi.v,
asked Marknervouslywhetherhe had everslept in a tent
"No,I won'tcometo France before.He answeredthat he had, but that it had been a
withyou,Jenny!"said
long time ago, when he was campingon a beach in
Roy. Jamaica.ThenCarlycomplainedthat she couldn'tsleep
becausethe ground was too hard. Simon otferedto give
"You ought to see a doctor about your eyes,"Sid her his camping mattress,which Carly politelyaccepted.
saidto his mother.
2l Read the model below and a) fill in the gaps
again,l'lldropyoufromthe
"lfyoumisstraining with only one word, b) say whether the story
team!"saidthecoachto Bob. includes "flashback narration" and c) re-tell
the eventsof the story in chronological
"Sorryfor not phoningto confirmyour flight, l\ilr order.
Jones,"said the secretary.
She couldn't believe her
"Shallwe takea longwalk alongthe riverside?" eyeswhenshe looked
said Mary. 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . t. h
. .e. .m i r r o r .
Therewas not 2) .........
singlescar on her lace
"lt wasn'tme who spiltcofieeon the tablecloth,"
and she looked exactly
saidGreg.
t h e s a m e3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
she had beJorethe terri-
7 "l'llcarrythebagforyou,"saidBeth. ble fire.
It had been almost
I "Yes,thatpaintingis lovely,"saidErica. two years since she
hadbeenwokenup in
themiddleofthenight
l9 Chung. the fbllowing dialogues into by the thick smoke
Reported speech using suitable introductory that4) ...........
herroom.Her
verbs and the exnressions below. memoriesof the rest ot the night were confused.She
couldrememberlittleuo to the aMul momentwhenshe
utt.l, al(l.i tr! ll ttLl, ltt rttt.st,crllni tt i ttg l ltt l. ltr t:l tt regained consciousnessin the hospital, and 5)
il'ttl on lo:a) lhtl sight of her reflectionin the window.
In the painfulmonthsthatfollowed,Tracy6) ............
a "l'll be going to the post office, lvlary," James said.
to endurethe hurtfulstares and whispersof strangers
"Do you need anything?"
when they saw the horri{icscars on her face. She had
"Yes,couldyou pleaseposta letterfor
visitednumerousburnsspecialists,
all ol 7) ................
me? I've been meaningto do so
shooktheirheadsandtoldhertherewas8) ...............
myselfbut I neverseemto havethe
theycoulddo. However,on the dayshemet Dr Martin
time,"Maryreplied.
andhe saidhe waswillingto performsurgery9) ..........
h e r f a c e , s h e c r i e d 1 0 ) . . . , . . . . . .j .o. y. .
b "ArevouOK,Grandma?" Denise The six seoarateooerationshad taken over twelve
asked.
monthsto completeand 11) .............. wasthreeweeks
"Ohdear,I teelverydizzy.I forgot
afterthe final one 12) .........-...... Dr Madininvitedher
to take mv medication this morn-
into his officeso that he 13) .................. removethe
ing, darling. What am I
bandages.A broad smile spread across her face as
going to do?" Grandma
she silentlylooked at the results.At last, she was star-
said.
ing 14) ........... the prettyface with the upturnednose
"lt's alright,don't worry.
and green eyes that she had become convincedshe
Just lie on the bed and restfor a while,l'll go and get
1 5 ). . . . . . . . . . . . .n
. .e. .v. e rs e ea g a i n .
it for vou at once." Denisesaid.
21
Stories
by describingthe atmosphere.
b) by usingDirectspeech. She gazedat the long whjtedress,thinkingthat
c) by describinga person. her lifewouldchangetomorrow.Shesmiledat the
o.) by usingDirectspeechto express thoughtthat the beautifulsitkweddinggown had
people'scomments. belongedto her grandmother.Her own mother'
e) by describingpeople'sfeelingsand had got marriedin it, and she felt proud to be
emotions. wearingit on her weddingday as well.Shewiped
0 by creatingmysteryor suspense. a tear from her eye, thinkjngthat somedayshe
might even watch her own daughterwalk down
the aislein it.
First
orstatements.
read
theouestions
Gothrough
orstatemenls.
andlookfor'key'words
theextracts to Aroundthe world,peopleignoredangerson the roads
r
youanswer
help thequestions. and driveas if they believethat they could neverbe
llB: Wheneyer two answersarc rcquircdin one involvedin a trafficaccident.
Whetherridinga motorcycle
question,
tley canbegiyenin anyodel or drivinga car or lorry,manydon'tseemto careabout
satety.
Thenumberof roaddeathsis expectedto increasedra-
maticallyin the next twenty-liveyears, especiallyin
developingcountries.A recentreport by the World
HealthOrganisation pointsout that,in 1990,roadaccF
dentswereninthon thelistof causesof deathworldwide.
Readthe titles oi the extractsand guess what kind Sadly,the reportpredictsthat by ihe year2020theywill
of accidentsor disastersthey are about. be third on the list,and thereis fear that the situation
mightget evenworse.
You are going to read some information about @ NEW SCIENTISI
saythat roadaccidents
continueto increase?
will Er-t rE E
In August 1956,aftera fire in one of the pits, 265 people
talksaboutpollutionand illness(es)? rE chokedto deathin a matterof minutesin the mineoJBois
de Cazierat Marcinelle.Morethan half of the victimswere
refersto a memorialservice? EN immigrant workers, Accordingto the officialreport,the
accident had been caused by human error. The fire
talksaboutmoneyand property
loss?
EE started at eight o'clock in the morning and tragedy was
unavoidable becausethe great majorityof miners were
24
DisastersE Accidentsi.iirr.r$
workingwithoutoxygenmasks,meaningthere was no
'
escape from the thick smoke filling the mine. . . ':
i ...r, r.i.: -
Consecutiveshifts of rescueworkersworked hard for t. L [.iul.i. r.t L,t, ,]:]
fifteendays, but tragicallyonly a small number of miners
E"s.S*glhl?{6ti"r,i ...ip.-,'.;'i
wererescued.
;t1'-4**l't.'i
Everyyearthe disasteris markedby a remembranceser- f .
vice at MarcinelleCemeteryin memoryof the victims of ! - .. ,e
the accident. ..] ,, Choo"" t*o of the four textsaboveand talk ji
- aboutthe disastersin termsof: type, cause, $.
@Lg] i, i;::3fivpesoraccidentsanddisas
$l
canininl ot whataretheirmain
The numberof roaddeathsand seriousinjuriesamong {
:"jn:I"'
car usershasfallenby twenty-three per cent in recent il
"ji' ir Doesyourcountryoftenexperience anyparti- fl
yearsthanksto the increaseduse of seatbelts.At the
ssame
a u | l utime,
u l | r c rthe number
L | | Un ofr sslight
u||rucru | | g r r r riniuries has
nlurrcs n a s |risen by
|sen u y lifty
tty
i culartypeof disaster? rii
per cent, which indicatesthat the number of road acci-
,, what shouldwe do to reducethe numberol i
dentsin generalis in fact going up. The mainreasonfor t
roadaccidents? n
the fall in road deathsin Britainis that more oeoDleare ' -i
' ' 'i fR? "- - -4st,
choosingto travelby car ratnertran ^'. *Ji.: "&
ing along busy roads.Becausepeoplein"v"riisi
cars are more
protectedfrom the force of any impact, they are lesslike- ::: ,ii i.;:i.Lri-,ic:i,a!:.--,.,:,i.rsr.,,rtirc ir;rt l'j i,li ;,ir: ir,qr
ly to be seriouslyinjuredthan people on foot. It seems, .ii,,l]:rl. -ror,,r.arl ri;.r.cr)i.
,.,tri::rri.:,.r:
I -,:::r; ,-.,,rf
then,that as long as driverscontinueto be careless,self- :..'l, u,'l,o,r:.,ir,],-e
r-: :r.er r..r:.:r!r,:r i ii:j e_r.rr:-r,-rir.
protectionis the key to survivingtoday's traffic.
1\FwsclFNrlsr
Jire.. rar acri.dcnl,Jlood. eartnqug!" __)
.t Look at the words in bold in the extlact:i ari:l
try to explain them. wd. br-Q mlch cdldz
$rihe crushinla drnn omla"de
-i) rLx* W(tu burn a.ilrqv
Choose the correct item. p"
slrEepat D hmke an&atrtl
nfiln) ruin s11n) shakl
The ...............
statementreported the survivalof fifty
people.
e.g. Thefire spread Euchly to the otherfloors.
A high B official C legal D top
2 Hisyachtand mansionhavebeen........at !6 million.
A valued B cost C orized D counted 5 Norl,'" i:li;tqr:-.:v{:rlt3 i: !'in.. :.i;: ir,;. ai;ore t,l fi1l in
'ri:lee.l,l;, ite ile i!,r r :-,._:.",:.::i:ir,i!-o t'epofts
S h e n e a r | y . , . . . . . . . .o. n
. . h e r s a n d w i c ha s s h e w a s i{:,'j-!i:j ,.ir,
or r,i.iriirr,s:r :rli;L
'.lr:
:l:'.t'hnit1'}]'e (rf acci"
eatingvery fast. rlflit ti i.r.ia;::!l':riii i:,': .,": :i::.:cr:ii-.el ilr ,:ach.
A suffocated B drowned C fainted D choked
The secretarycorrectedall the............in the com- "Many people and animals are known to have
outerorintout. d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a. .s. .t .h. e. yw e r ew . . . . . . . . . . a
. ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A errors B drawbacks C gaps D prints down streetswhich turned into faslflowing rivers."
Fodunately,
he sufferedno .....,...in the accident. "Thegroundbeganto s........................ violently. The
A wounds B pains C injuries D damages t o p s o f b u i l d i n g s e e m e dt o s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a. n . .d. . .
petrolhas .............
The use of unleaded tn recent t h e nt h e ys t a r t e d
t o c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a. .r.o. .u.n. du s . "
years.
" l t s . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . s. .o. .q. .u. i. c k l yt h a tw i t h i nm i n u t e s
A grownup B enlargedC increased D extended the building had turned into an inferno. Several
7 Peoplewho sufferfrom lung ..............
should not f l o o r sw e r ec o m p l e t e lby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .o. .u. t. . H ..elp
smoke. soon arrived, though, and the blaze was
A sickness B disease C illness D ill health p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .o.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . a . .t.t.e. .ra f e w h o u r s . "
DisastersE Accidents
a BEGTNNtNG
Ituurnu,utottntl,injury, ltarm, damrlw, breakage summary of the event with reference1o the time
and the place it happened,as well as the people
involved
Motorcyclists
withouthelmetsrun the riskoJserious . ENDING
people'scommentson whathappened
T h e f i r ec a u s e ds o m u c h. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t.o. .t.h. e h o u s e actionto be takenin the future
thatthe ownershad to haveit rebuilt.
I thinkthatit willbe hardfor Andyto recoverfromthe
o{ witnessingsuch a terribleaccident . BEGTNNtNG
yuulg 49e. set the scene describingweather,surroundings,
T h e s o l d i e rh a d a d e e p b u l l e t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i.n. . h. .i.s. peopleetc involvingyour senses
leg and was desperately callingout for help. use Djrectspeech
[,4iraculously. start wjth a dramaticsentencecreatingmystery
the collapsedroof did no serious _ start with a rhetoricalquestion
to the little gid who had been hiding referto yourfeelings,mood,etc.
u n d e rt h e b e d . . ENDING
Thesefragileitemsare insuredagainst use Directspeech
describepeople'sreactionsto the event
developedin the mainbody
referto people'sleelings/moods
crearemysreryor suspense
repair,ntre, heal,treat
1 Thecuton my knee.............
well, but l'vegot a scarnow.
2 Grandma'sremedyof hot tea and honeymanagedto
.................
my sorethroat.
Thedoctor...............
thepatient
forminorburnsandbruis
es.
Thecottageroofcollapsed duringtheearthquake, sothey
hadto .................
it.
goingto be a miserable
day. . . . . . . . . . . .t .h.e. mb e i n gs e v e r e lpy u n i s h e d .
l ' l l d e a l . . . . . . . . . . .i.t. .a s s o o n a s l f i n i s h t y p i n gt h e
.."f$\JorfwGs, report.
27
Unit4 DisastersI Accidents
13 took at the picture | 6 fin in the correct form of the verbsin braek-
and. say what may/ ets and saywhat type of conditional each
uill happen to the sentencecontains.
man if he finds
gold. 1 lf you had Jollowedthe directionscorrectly,you
(notlget) lost.
e.g. A: If hefinds gold,
2 lf youshout,you .................... (wakeup)thebaby.
he'll becomerich.
3 lf the gas (detect)
boardworkers..............................
B: If he becornesrich,
he'll buy a car.
the leak,therewouldn'thavebeenan explosion.
4 lf the customer (torrow)the shop
assistant's advice,the dresswouldn'thaveshrunk.
5 lf the rescueoperationhadn't been carriedout
14 Look at the picture quickly,the residents of the building
and. say what might (notlbe saved)
(not)/ would (not) 6 Shouldyousmellsmoke,........................ (ca ) the
happen if the ice- firebrigade.
skater didn't fol- 7 11there hadn'tbeenthestrongwindsandheavyrain,
low a healthy diet. theship................ (notlcrash)
.......... ontotherocks.
8 lf they (notlstart)a massivecleanup
e.g. A: If shedidn'tfollnw operationimmediately, therewillbe seriousdamage
a healthl diet, she to sea-lifeand birds.
uouliln't befit. 9 Supposing (notlrcpair)
he ..................... theengine,
B: If sheweren't fit, wouldyou havefixedit yoursel?
shewouldn't be ableto practke on the rink. (be)a pilot,I wouldflyaround
10 lf | ..............................
theworld.
11 lf you (watcfi)the8:30news,you
15 took at the picture, wouldhaveknownaboutthe hurricane.
read the text and (see)her,lwouldn'thave
12 Evenif | ..........................
then say how the remembered to giveheryourmessage.
problems of Mr 13 lf he .............. (be paid)on time,he
Brown's d.aycould/ couldhaveDaidhisbills.
might haztebeen 14 lf shehadn'teatenso muchcake,she..................
aaoided. (notlbe)sicklastnight.
15 Supposing yourcar .............................
(be storer),
whatwouldyou do?
16 Theywon'tsignthecontract unless thelawyer.........
(ctreck)it first.
28
DisastersI AccidentsUnh4
29
A '1
DtsnstersI Acctdents
r)!D e 7' \ i \ B .
In the fourthcentury
C. the Greek
- philosopher, Plato,
(:;\
wrote about a(n) (0)
'ac {Dl
,----- tc-. \ I
..4.. civilisationcalled
J Atlantis which he
(,Fri
claimed existed long
betore the ancient 1 The telephonewas disconnected due to the heavy
c i v i l i s e d( 1 ) . . . . o f t h e storm
olf Thelelephone
's,,)i1 l\4iddleEast or Egypt.
Atlantiswas thoughtto
have been a huge
storm.
You shouldreduceyour consumption
due to the heavy
of alcohol.
island(2) .... to the d o w n Y o us h o u l d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . .a. .l .c.o. .h. .o.l..
west ot Europewhich Shewas sucha lriendlypersonthat everybody
had an extremely likedher.
advancedcivilisation whoseempirestretchedas (3) .... so S h ew a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . everybody
as Greeceand Egypt.However,(4) ....to Plato,the island likedher.
and ils peopledisappeared intothe oceanaround11,500 Lucyhasn'tfinishedtypingthe lettersyet.
yearsago as a resultof an enormousearthquake. is Lucy . . . , . . . . .t.h. .e l e t t e r s .
Since Platofirstwrote aboutAilanlis,many attempts l'd ratherstay in than go lo that noisyparty.
havebeen(5) ....tofind the island,all of whichhavebeen prefer I'd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t.h. a
. .n. .
unsuccessful. As a result,it is now (6) .... believedthat go to that noisy party.
Platoinvenledthe placeand its people.In spiteoI this, It'ssucha pily Jameshas decidedto go abroad.
there are still those who think there might have been wish | ............................ to go abroad.
some (7) .... in what Platosaid.They believethat some "Youhid the photoon purposel"she saidto him.
Atlanteans escapedthe destruction of the islandand (8) of S h e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l h a n h ^ l ^
....on theirknowledgeto the Egyptians, who later(9) ..,. on purpose,
theirown advancedcivilisation. Thereis a possibility that Why didn'the tell us he wouldbe away?
these believersmight be (10) ...., as ancientEgyptian should He . he wouldbe away.
recordsreportlhal therewasa massivevolcaniceruption I won'tgo to the cinemaunlesshe comeswith me.
( 1 1 ) . . . . t h e G r e e ki s l a n do f T h i r ai n a b o u t 1 5 0 0B . C . come I won t go to the cinema
which(12) ....a numberof severeeafthquakes. with me.
The debate (13) .... the existenceof Atlantisseems 1 0 "Do you rememberher name?"he askedme.
(14) .... to continueuntil scientistsor archaeologists if He askedme her name.
settlethe argumentone (15) ....or another.In the mean- 1 1 Theydidn'tcall an ambulanceand now it'stoo late.
time, however,we can do nothingbut speculateabout called lf only ... an ambulance,
whata greatcivilisalion il may havebeen.
'i',i '
Disasters€t Accidents
--: ::
Expertssay that earlier(8) . .. ... (warn) would
not haveprevented the damage,but stepsare now being
taken to reinforcemany of the (9) ....................., (dan"
:rl' .
age) areas in order to be better preparedshould such a
( 1 0 ) . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . (. p
. .o. .y. l e r )s t o r mh i ta g a i n .
0 Sixseven-year-old schoolchildren
had a {rightening
00 experienceat the city museumyesterdayaboutwhen
1 one ol the liftshas brokedown betweenthe lirst
2 and secondfloors.The schoolchildren they were
3 visitingto the museumwith theirteacher,Ann Watson.
4 Theywerebeingon theirwayto the secondfloorto see
5 the dinosaurexhibitionwhenthe lift began
6 to shakebeforeit comingto a completehalt.
7 Theircriesfor to helpwere heardby the
I curatorof the museum,lvlrHaroldEdwardson.
9 Firemenarrivedat the sceneof the accidentwithin
10 minutesand managedto freethe six youngsters.
11 MissAnnWatsonhad commentedafterwards:
12 "Thech\\d(en
we(e\erj b\a\e,e\ena\hOUgh
f\
13 was a terrifyingexperiencefor all them.,'Lit e
14 TommyBrownsaid:,,lnthe begrnntng we were
15 scaredol but aftera whilewe wereall okay.,,
rl:i '
The Germans
{r Talkabouta festivalin yourcountryin terms
A wear differentcostumesin the north and the
south. of:
B thinkall nationalcostumesare silly. timeot yea4 prepatations,the actualday,
C havedifferingopinionson nationalcostumes. peopre'steerrhgs
E selltheircostumesto othercountries.
B Compareand contrastthetypeof clothes
Departmentstores in the south of Germanysell
peopleweartodaywithwhattheyusedto
wear at the beginningof the century.
A inexpensive traditional
clolhing.
B costumesthatare popularall overGermany.
C fashionabletraditional clothes. FilX :ln the ge,.r,s!., +i iii:,; r-orleet adiecdves-
t! all types of clothesin separatedepartments. ,:t jron cau with z ri,ilrLi-
illre.n I'iriLri.r:of z.tsi:il.itj:tt1;t
ial neil:ri:rg,
Whatpointis the writerillustrating
by mentioning
jeans and T-shirts?
t ---- lY d'd'-U.c!l:!:Y. d'h'
A Thereare stillnationalcostumesin all countries.
E Everydayclothesmay eventuallybe considered
nationalcostumes. ,1ll| l. ll Tnn TowN FErn
C Fashionis influencedby traditional
costumes. Theannualfairin my town
E Jeansand T-shirtshavealwaysbeenpopular. in lrelandis alwaysa 1)
occasionand
one that I look forwardto.
I-cok at the ,r,.ortlsin boki iir t.\.- !r rir rir, r -,' The townspeoplespend
i.oexplain them. weeks preparing for the
big day. Brightly-coloureddecorationsand stream-
ers liven up all the buildings,and strings of 2)
Choosethe correct itern" lights are hung over the streetsto add a
touch of magic to the evening.
The old schooldoesn't.........any moretit was torn When the day arrives,the locals paradearound in
down in 1972. theirtraditionalcostumes.You can hearthe 3) ........
A remain B exist C be D stay musicthat the villagerslove10danceto,
drifting out of the pubs. Most taverns serve 4)
We were .........by the complicatedscheduleand
lrish food especiallypreparedfor the
endedup takingthe wrongbus.
occasion.Thingsbegin to liven up in the evening
A confused B mixed C troubledDirritaied when groupsof all ages performtraditionaldancesin
An accident.-.......
on this road nearlyeveryday. the squares,and the 5) streetsare filled
A results B takes part C causes D happens with peopledancing,singingand generallyhaving
an enjoyabletime.
Shedonatedseveral.........of clothinoto charitv.
A bits B particles C items D objects
S flli i" lihex1ar,s
r,.,it'r'r:
cusrom.lnahit.b€liet.
Thereis a special...........
in this departmentstore
whereholidaydecorations are sold.
1 l t i s a c o m m o n. . . . . . . . . , . . . .t .h. a
. .t b r e a k i n ga m i r r o r
A separation B part C sectionD field
bringsbad luck.
The bride was wearinga(n) ..........weddingdress 2 lt is the in Englandto give children
whichshe had designedand madeherself. chocolateeggs at Easter.
A unique B single C one D alone 3 Smokingis a veryunhealthy
Festianls€t Celebrations
h.orLour,
t(Ikefai1, celebrata,
takeplace,
marh (an euent),hctld(a cerernonl)
use narration(presenttensesfor annualevents)
Frankand Bethare havingan eveningout in orderto (pasttensesIor past events);
Beth's35th birthday. includevariousadjectives and adverbsto
The Olympics everyfour years. makeyour narrationmoreinteresting:
3 He'straininghard becausehe wantsto referto the senses(sight,hearing,taste,smell,
in this yeais marathon. touch)to describethe atmosohere.
Presidents' Dayis the daywhenpeoplein the U,S.A.
the memoryol GeorgeWashingtonand
AbrahamLincoln.
T h e i rw e d d i n gr e c e p t i o n w a s , . . , . . , . . . . . . . . . .i.n. .t.h. .e
villagehall.
I n o r d e rt o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t .h. e. .o. c. .c a s i o o
n f h i sr e t i r e - Visitorsto Rio de Janeiro during the month of
ment,Mr James'employersgavehim a gold watch. Februarycan enjoythe spectacleof its annualcar-
nival,the biggestand certainlythe liveliestin the
world. The streetsare filled with brightly-dresse
people,and it is impossiblenot to get caughtup in
the excitement.
americasgreatestholidayindependenceday takes
placeon the 4th ofjuly on this day americanscele-
brate the day in 1776when the americancolonies
declaredthemselvesfree from british rule
preparationsbegin about a weekbeforethe actual
day red white and blue flagsare hung on public .......November,a ceremonyis held to remindus
buildingsandbannersare raisedall over the town .......the bravepeoplewho died in the wars.
as everyonewaitsanxiouslyfor the big paradeon Julie has been searching.........her lavouritejacket
the day of the eventspectatorsline the streetsthe all morning;she'sgot a job interview,......noonand
wantsto look smart.
thumpingsoundof drumscan be heard asthe
[.4ymothermakesa deliciousfruitpunchin the sum-
marchingband comesalongfirst followedby the boy m e rw h i c hi s a c o m b i n a t i o.n. . . . . a
. .p p l e o
, r a n g ea n d
scoutsandgirl scouls\rho marchwavingamerican l e m o nj u i c e .
flagspolice officersfirefightersand local officials .........midnightthe carnivalwas still going strong,
stride pastwhile the crowd cheersenthusiastically and people everywherewere dancing .........the
slreets.
Festiaals€t CelebrationsUnit5
5 My brother is going to enter a tennis tournament I2 fitt in the gaps usinq "by" or "with" and
..........September,in which he will be competing say why your choice is appropriate in each
........someof the bestplayersin the country. case.
6 Marygot so angryduringher argumentwith Simon
thatshe threwa glass..........
him. 1 The dining-roomwas decorated............ the maids
7 The best speechescombine humour..........inter- ............ colourful,exoticflowers.
estingfacts. 2 The wedding cake made ............the chef was
I "Let'splaycatch,Sam!Throwthe ball ..........me." flavoured............ vanilla.
3 The stallswill be filled............ handicrafts
donated
I O Guess the meaning of the followine idioms. ............ the localGirlScouts.
then fill in the qaps in the sentencesbelow. 4 The eggs were coloured ............natural dyes
. . . . . . . . .t.h. .e l o c a lw o m e n .
a) standon ceremony c) musicto ourears 'l
b) the lifeandsoulof the d) theirSundaybest 3 Tottt the following questions into the pas"
pany sive as in the examples.
1 The people at the wedding were all dressed up in e.g- what did they decorate the streetswith?
What were t re streels decorcted with?
When our boss announcedthat we could have two Who hasprepared the tood fot the pady?
days paid leave,it was Who has the food tor the parly heen preparcd by?
John is always . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. . ; Who will makethe lanterns?
he tells funny jokes and amuseseveryone.
When the dinnerguestssat down she told them not 2 Whatdid theyfillthe cakewitht
t o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a. .n. d
. .t.o. .h. e
. .l.pt h e m s e l v e s _
3 Who is teachingthe childrentraditionaldances?
tl Turn the follorving sentencesinto the 4 Who is going to open the festival?
passive.Omit the aqent where it is unnec-
essary. 5 What did they stuffthe turkey with?
Many people attendedthe musicfestival.
reggaebandswillplayCaribbean
3 Several music. The verbsbelieve,expect,ieel,know,report,say,
think. etc are used in the following passive pat-
They have hired a ry star to open the Battleof terns in personaland impersonalconstructions.
Flowers. e.g. They say that he stole the money.
- lt is said that he stole the money. (impersonal)
He ,'ssaid to haye stolen the money. (personal)
The localnewspaper
is publishingcolourphotosof
thecarnival. '| They expect 10,000people
to attendthe festival.
Spectators
hadto reserveseatsfor the paradewell The town council expects that the fair will raise
rnadvance. enoughmoneyfor the children'shospital.
| 5 Complete the following sentencesusing the e.g. Theyhave had the invitationsp nted.
words in bold.
1
1 Peoplebelievethatshe willwin tirstprize. 2
believed lt ......... win firstDrize. 3
2 Tom insistedthat Sue leaveimmediaiely. 4
made Tom.................... c
immediately.
6
He saw them hangingthe streamers.
seen T h e y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t h e s t r e a7 mers.
Fatherasked us to wash the car. I
had F a t h e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 thecar.
They made me performin front of a live audience.
was 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i n f r o n to f a .KEY'
liveaudience. WORD TRANSFORMATION
The gardeneris plantingsome rosebushes.
17 Complete the sentencesusing the words in
being S o m er o s eb u s h e s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bold. Use between two and five words, The
by the gardener.
first sentence has been done as an example,
It is thought that James has Ieftthe country.
have James................................................the
counrry. 1 Stan hasn't had a holidayfor a long time.
I had asked Stephento repairthe pipes. since lt's a long time since Stanhas had
repaired I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .b. .y. . . . . . a holiday.
Stephen. 2 They completed the task eventhough it was difficult.
We asked them to participate in the parade. c a r r i e d T h e y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e. .v.e. .n. . . . . . .
asked They.................................intheparade. though it was difficult.
They say that he was an excellentchess player. 3 He will give us more instructions later.
been He ....................... g i v e n W e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........-...............
an excellent
cness prayer. instructions later.
4 When she was a child she spent her holidays
aDroao.
l 6 John and Susan are used W h e ns h ew a sa c h i l d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
organising their her holidaysabroad.
We managedto get ticketsfor the concert.
$'edding. Inok at
in We ............ ticketsfor
the following list
the concert.
of preparations
Sheilacontinuedtalking about the weather despite
and make /..
the boredlookson our taces.
sentences
as in the on Shei|a..................................thewe
example: despite the bored looks on our faces.
I'veneverbeento sucha beautifulweddingbefore.
time lt'sthe......................................
a beautifulwedding.
I likereadingmorethan watchingtelevjsion.
rather 1...........................
television.
o printinvi- . sendout invi- Her wardrobe is full of clothes.
sendflowers
tations tations many There are . wardrobe.
to hotel
. book recep- . arrange decorate
1 0 It was so cold that we couldn't go for a walk.
tion hall flowers too |twas...........-............................
receptionhall
. deliverJohn's . makewedding for a walk.
hirelimousine
sutt cake 1 1 We were very excited by the breathtakingscenery.
. makeSusan's a w a y W e w e r e . ...................................
dress breathtaking scenery.
36
Festianls€t CelebrationsUntt5
3V
Eatin Habits
A Chocolate a
B Sugar t
In ancientGreektimes,Epicuruslivedby the philosophy,
C Meat "Eat, drink and be merry, and let tomorrowtake care of
D CheeseandCream 1 itself!" Sadly, nowadaysour instinct to enjoy ourselves
has been replacedwith feelings ol guilt about what we
E Butter shouldor shouldn'teat. But just how damagingare all
F Coffeeand Tea those 'harmful' foods we find so tempting? Let's look
more closely at the good and bad sides ol some of our
Which type(s)of food or drink; favourites.
Chocolate containsmild stimulants which helo con-
is quicklyturned into energy?
EItrJ centration and boost the brain's level of serotonin, a
chemicalthat makesus feel good. Chocolateis also rich
can keep you awakeif consumed
late in the day?
EN EU in iron,magnesiumand potassium. On the down side, it
is high in fat and caloriesand can interruptsleep if eaten
in the evenings.
can improveyour mood? EE Sugar is convertedinto energy more quicklythan any
38
EatingHabits
other food, so it is hard for the body to store it as fat.
Studieshave shown that it makes you feel full more
quickly,so you are lesslikelyto overeat.Eatingsugarat
breakfast time has beenshownto improveconcentration
and memoryin the morning.The bad newsis thatsugar
causestooth decay and containsno usefulnutrients.
is an importantfood as it is a major source of pro-
tein, vitamin B and essentialminerals.However,it also Readthetextagainandtalkaboutchocolate,
contributesa quarterof our daily fat intake.A high intake sugar,cheese,butterandcream,meatand
of red can leadto colon cancer,and beef is blamed coffeeor tea in termsof:
for CreutzfeldtJakobDisease,an illnesswhich affectsthe
brainsof humans. nut ents, cato es ancl waysthey atfect the
are rich in calciumand vitaminD, humansystem.
which help protectthe systemagainstosteoporosis, a
bone diseaseaffectinga third of all Europeanwomen Epicurus livedby thephilosophy,"Eat,drink
over 60. Unfortunately, is almostpuresaturated and be merryand let tomorrowtake care
tat,and is veryhighin calories.Eatingit is thoughtto lead of itself!" Do you agreewiththisidea?
to hardeningof the arteries,which is known to cause
heartattacksand strokes.
contain caffeine,which increases
alertness.Teacontainstanninandflavanoids whichhelp
preventheartdisease.On the otherhand,sincetheyare
stimulantsthey can interruptsleep and relaxationand
thereforeshouldn'tbe drunkin the evenings.
It seems,then, that we can feel free to enjoy all ol melon,red meat, oh.ueoi.l,appLes,chocolate,grapes,
thesetypesof food, keepingin mind that moderationis chichen,butter, milk, ice-cream,cheese,
fish, pears,
the key to good health.So eat small amountsof these chenies,nuts
foodsand forgetaboutfeelingguilty!
4I
EatingHnbits
. . . . . . .P
. .a r i si n . . . . . , ,s, .p r i n gi s s a i dt o b e . . . . . . .u. .n i q u e
experience. Seeing.........Palaceof Versailles, .........
L o u v r ea n d o f c o u r s e . . . . . . . . ,w. .o r l d f a m o u sE i f f e l
This game is suitablefor the whole tamily;some- Tower,is .........mustfor any visitorto .........capital
bodyleverybodywill enjoy playingit. o f . . . . . . .F
. .r a n c e .
I haven't got anylsome pasta, so I can't make
lasagnetoday. Lasl year lhad .........worstexperience of my life.I
There'snolsomepoint in going to the beachwhen brokemy leg whilelwas rollerskatingin ......... Hyde
the weatheris so bad. P a r k a n d l h a d t o s t a y i n . . . . . . . .h. o s p i t afl o r t w o
4 fhete's anythinglnothing I can do to help Satty. weeks,Althoughmy parentsand my lriendsvisited
5 l'm so bored.There'sanythinglnothing to do here. me at .........hospitaleveryday, I stillfelt miserable
o The policemanaskedme what had happened,but I and bored.
couldn't help as I hadn't seen anythinglsomething. Whenmy cousinarrivedfrom ......... USA,he wanted
I've got some/noidea what'timeil is; my watch is to see as muchof .........Europeas possible.So we
oroKen. hired......... campervan and set offfrom ...._.... Dover
Tricia's parents don't let her go anywherelsome- a c r o s s. . . , . . ,E. n g l i s h
C h a n n eal n di n t o. . . . . . .F . .r a n c e .
r/here without her older brother. Aftercrossing.........Alps,we arrivedat .........Lake
o "Can I havesome/noneof your drink?" C o m o i n . . . . . . . .n. o r t ho f . . . . , , . . l.t.a l ya n d c o n t i n u e d
10 "Thisplaceis fullshall we go somewherelanywhere our journeyto .......... south.Fromtherewe went to
else?" . . . . . . . .G
. . r e e c ea n d h a d . . . . . . . .w. .o n d e r f ut lw o - w e e k
luriudy ar
ERROR CORRECTION
25 Cross out the unnecessary rvord in each
sentence,
'| We
visitedthe Hawaiilastsummer.
2 Theteamof explorersmanagedto climbthe Everest.
3 He was put in the prisonfor theft.
4 The bank machineis out ol orderso I couldn'twith-
drawany no money.
Sam usuallygoesto work by a train but today he has
decidedto drive.
I'm not very fond of sports,but my brotherlovesthe
football.
ldon't haveno timeto go to the cinemawithyou.
8 Do you take a milk in your coffee?
I She didn't make it to the meeting on the time
becauseher train was delayed.
1 0 He likesto havedinnerat 7 o'clockbecausehe ooes
to the bed early.
EatingHabits Unit6
OPEN CLOZE TEXT Therewas such a lot of wind that we couldn't sail.
much Therewas ...........
thatwe
26 For questions l-15, read the text below and couldn'tsail.
think of one word which best fits in each The day was so stormythat we decidedto stay in.
gap, The first one has been done as an such lt was ..................
thatwe
example. decidedto stay in.
The car was so exDensivethat he couldn't afiord it.
such lt was .....that he couldn't
atford it.
The food was so deliciousthat we ate it all.
such lt was .... that we ate it all.
.KEY'
WORD TRANSFORMATION
28 Complete the sentences using the words in
bold. Use two to firre words. The first one
has been done as an example.
Eating out (0) .nas.. become a popular form oI 1 She provedto be the best teacherwe had ever had.
entertainmentwhich (1) of us enjoy. since turned Shetumed out to be the best teacher
(2) .................
to othercountriescan be quiteexpensive, we had ever had.
dining (3) ethnic restaurantsis a cheap 2 She'd ratherhave Chinesethan Indianfood.
alternativethat offers you the (4) to sample prefers She........................-....................food
somethingditferent. 3 "l'm very sorry | caused all that trouble,"she said.
Ten yearsago, the only (5) .. ...........
of toreign a p o l o g i s e dS h e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a
cuisinethat was widely availablein Britainwas Chinese that trouble.
or Indian;today, however,we (6) ...................... a wide 4 The man rejectedmy offeroJhelp.
varietyto choose (7) rangingfrom hot and turned T h em a n . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
spicy Mexicanfood to (8) more delicate of help.
flavours of Japanese sushi. Furthermore,some ethnic 5 "l won'ttellyou whereshe is," he said.
restaurants now (9) ..................
otherformsof entertain- to He .....................w . . .h. e. .r.e.s. h ew a s .
ment (10) livemusicand traditional dancing. 6 She finally appeared after making us wait for two
A favouriterestaurantof mine is (11) .................. by an nours-
Ethiopianfamily.Inside,friendlywaiters(12) ................... turned Shefinally
deliciousdisheswhilemusiciansplaycheerfulEthiopian waitJortwo hours.
music.Towardsthe (13) .................... of the evening,the 7Thegamewasso excitingthatwe watchedit all.
same waiterschange (14) traditionalcostume such |twas.....................................-.thatw
and give short performances of energetic Ethiopian watchedit all.
dancingbeforeinviiingthe customersto (15) .................
II'm surehe lefthis brielcaseat the office.
in. This is just one exampleof the kind of entertainment
have He...................................hisbriefca
ethnic restaurantshaveto offer.
at the office.
I Althoughhe'sveryyoung,Markis an excellent driver.
27 Complete the sentences using the words in despite Markis an excellent driver
bold. Use two to five words. is veryyoung.
........
10 "Letme go to the party,please!"shesaidto me.
1 The ice-creamwas so deliciousthat I couldn'tresistit. begged She...........................................
such lt was ........that lcouldn't the party.
resistit. 11 Sheadvisedmeto reducethe numberoJcioarettes
2 There were so many people in the queue that I I smoke.
decided not to see the film. cut She advisedme to
such Therewere ...........
in the the numberof cigarettes
I smoke.
queuethat I decidednot to see the film.
45
Crime
is tellingthe truthor not.The deviceusedto recordthese
symptomsis called a lie-detectoror polygraph.lt is
widely used by policeand other agencies.lt indicate
whetherthe person questoned is being honest as it
Lookat the titlebelowand guesswhatthe text is recordschangesin the heartrate,blood pressureand
about. otherphysicaltactors durrngquestioning.
Guesswhetherthe tollowingquestionsare trueor
false,then readquicklythroughthe textand see il l\4ostpolygraphexpertsnof,'admt thatthe methodis not
your guesseswerecorrect. pedect:even an innocentpersonwill leel under stress
KingSolomonwas well knownfor his wisdom.
whenfacedwitha seriousaccusation. As a result,a more
The polygraphis usedto detecthiddendocuments.
The problemof distinguishing accuratetechniquehas beendeveloped.
betweenliesand
truthhas beensolved. Sincemoslpeoplewo! c ce guiltyof thisto someextent
the polygraphwill sno,.i some stress caused by the
denialof the truth.For r.ocent people,this will be the
higheststressthey s"c,., ,./hj e a murdererwill become
evenmore stressed,.,^erdenyinga questionabout his
o r h e r i n v o l v e m e n- :: - a - u r d e r .
I don'ithinkhewasbeing...........
whenhe saidthat
he hadbeenat homeall night.
A true B fair C honest D right 5 fitt ltt the gaps with words from the list below.
Howmanycriminals were...........
in therobbery?
A involvedB interferedC includedD participated
jury - prosecutor
- arrested- prison-
Thepolicemen weregivenspecial...........
fordealing conuirted etid,mce- tri,al- sentenced,
- -
withterroristactivity. - -
gang bars chargeduith
A coachingB practice C exercise D training
7 Atter monihsot investigation,
the truth was finally
When Tina Bowleswas 1)
A appeared B shown
by the policeand
C revealed D found
2) ......................
burglaryit
cameas a shockto the entire
4 Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions. neighbourhood.Tina
Some may be used more than once. Bowles was a well-
respectedwoman
undcr- before- of - in - with - to .. ,; in her earlytorties.
Ar the 3)............
Theaccused is beingkept.............custodyuntilthe . the 4)
trialbegins. I presented an
Hewassentenced tenyearsin prisonfor
............... ' amazing amount
committing armedrobbery. 1.1 ...' of 5) .................
The policehaveplacedtwo men suspectedof the which convinced
kidnapping ................
arrest. everyoneof her guilt.lt was provedthat
I was shockedto hear that Mark was accused shewasa memberof a 6) ..........................
whichhad
..............
fraud. brokeninto the homesof manywealthypeopleand
5 He'sbeencharged......... a stolentheirvaluables.lt did not take long for the 7)
.(i,' ' crime he did notcommit. to cometo a decisionand Tinawas8)
.'.
Jz; o^ 6 The witness appeared to tenyearsin
and9) ..........................
\{^ /* courtandgavehis
.. ............ 10).............................
. TinaBowles is nowbehind11)
testimony. alongwith the othermembersof the
7 Theaccusedwaskept gang.Shehopesto be releasedsoon,as thiswasher
..........
handcutfs firsioffence.
throughout thetrial.
The case was brought
...............
thecourt.
I Whenihe juryreached notguilty,
a verdict-.............
the accusedbreatheda sighof reliet.
47
Unlt7 Crime
e.g. The building must be on fire. I Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions.
She may be trying to get to an exit.
1 I don'tknowwhy Davidcomplains............ hisjob. At
7 Fill in the gaps rvith needn't/doit hazte to, least he works ............
regular
timesand isn'ton call
mustrt't, didn't need to/haae to or needn't haae. likehis wife.
Susanyesterdayand she told me
lheard ............
1 You.....................
enterthisareawithoutoermission.
dangerof losingherjob because
thatshe is ............
2 You..................
washtheclothes. l'lldo it tomorrow.
the number of employees in her office is being
3 He .............................
giveme a lift,because lhad reduced.
arrangedto go by taxi.
When I saw the photos Bob's parents had taken
Thenoticesaysthatclubmembers ..................
use him on his graduationday lcould see that
............
the poolunattended.
he was veryproud............ himself.
Elaine..........................
cook dinneras she had
While Tom was............bars he learnedto care
arrangedto go to an ltalianrestaurant withLisa. ............
animals,and now that he's been released
pickme up afterschool.
You............................. l'll he's studyingto becomea vel.
takethe bus.
You............................
sentme the package. lwas
goingto comeand collectit. 10 Guess the meaning of the following idioms,
8 You...............-.............
droplitterinthepark. then fill in the gaps in the sentencesbelow,
I They...............................
buya cooker anda fridge
as theflattheyrentedwasfurnished. u: lhith ar lhitr, ' - 1t,tlit,tt, iLtilhmurder- o.irttt
1 0 | ......................
leaveyet.I'mnotflyinguntil3.00pm. t pe\ -,l,r,.lt.hltthlrt\',.;et a thieflo t:ak:ltt
d.oe\n.
48
CrimeUnit7
11 Read the following sentences and write I 3 Uatch sentences(l-8) with the types of
which are formal (F) and which are letters below. Sugges(some more opening
informal (I). Then say: or closing phrases/sentencesfor each type
a) which sentencescan begin and which of letter.
can end a letter and b) the kind of letter
each sentence could be used in. 1 | trustyou will acceptthisadvice.
2 | am writingwithregardto youradvertisement in yester-
day's FinancialTimesfor the secretarialposition.
I am writingto informyou about a change in the
3 l'm so sorryfor what I did.
schedulingof coursesJorthe autumnterm.
4 So, that's what happenedat the party ... write back
2 Hope my advicehelps.Let me know how it went.
soon,
3 Iwould be honouredto attendthe receotionon 2l
August.
5 hopeto receive a refund.rssoonaspossible.
6 wasso upsetwhenI heardthesadnews.
Thanks so much for the thoughtfulgift that you
7 hopethatwe canarrange anothermeetingat a later
sent me when I was in hosoital.
oale.
I regretto iniorm you that your requestlor a loan
I Pleasesendme the detailsas soon €rsoossible.
has been refused.
I look forwardto meetingyou to discussemploy-
a lettergiving advice
ment Dossibilities.
b letterretusingan invitation
l'm writing to tell you all about my first week at
c letterexpressingsympathy
university.
d lettergiving news
l'm writingto ask you for adviceabout a problem
e letterof apology
l'm havingat school.
f letteraskingfor information
It's a real shame that you can't make it on
g letterof applicationfor a job
Saturday.
h letterof comolaint
1 0 We would be honouredby your presenceat the
ceremonv. 1 . . . . .2 . . . . . 3 . . . . . 4 . . . . . 5 . . . . . 6 . . . . .7 . . . . . 8 . . . . .
a letterof complaint
b lettergiving information a l'm writingto inviteyou ...
c Ietterof request b l'm writingto letyou knowthat...
d letteraskingfor advice c lf you needanythingl'd be happyto ...
e letterof invitation d Sendme youradvicesoon.
I letteracceptingan invitation e l'm writingto sayhowsorry| am ...
s letterexpressingthanks f Thanksso muchlor...
h letteroJapplicationfor a job g Canyousendmesomeintormation about...
1 . . . . .2 . . . . . 3 . . . . . 4 . . . . . 5 . . . . . 6 . . . . . 7 . . . . . 8 . . . . .
49
UnitI Crime
'fl 'i
5 Turn the t'ollowing phrases from lbrmal to ? Fili in the gaps with the corr.ectfbrm of the
int'ormalor lice lersa. 'ri'ords in brackets.
50
CrimeUnit7
1 2 Simonleft the waitera biggertip thanwas nec- ERROR CORRECTION
essary.
have Simon................ thewaiter 2O Look at the text below. Someof its lines
sucha bigtip. are correct, so put a tick (/) next to them.
1 3 Visitorsarenotallowedto feedthe animals. The others include an extra word which you
must Visitors ............... theanimals. must crossout. The first two lines have
1 4 You didn'tthankyourgrandmother for the lovely
gift. been done as examples.
yourgrandmother 0 lf youareworriedaboutburglary,whichin 1996/
ought You ........,.................
for the lovelygift. 00 costinsurance companies S(millions of poundsin
1 5 Examcandidates areobligedto followthe instruc- 1 compensation, thereis a goodnewsfor you.
tions. 2 A traditional securitysystem,withspeciallybuilt
have Examcandidates 3 securitydoorsand detectorsat eachonedoorand
the instructions. 4 wjndow,is veryexpensive to install.Technology,
5 though, wlllsoon makethe"intelligenthome"aspossible,
6 andthewholesystemit willbe included in theprice
OPEN CLOZE TEXT 7 of the house.Newhomeswill havebe builtwitha
8 specialelectronic systemwhichwillconnectup
1 9 Fill in eachgap with only one word. 9 lights,heating,securityandanythingelsethe owner
10 chooses.Thismeanslightscanto be programmed
S T E A L I N GG O E S U P I N 11 to turnon andoff automatically at settimes,making
SMOKE 12 it seem as if someone is at the home evenwhen
13 everyoneis out.Curtainscanalsobe openedand
14 closedby the computer,andall of intruderscanbe
Stopping '15 recordedby video camera,makingit possibleto
car protectyourselfandyourbelongings easily.
thieves
is (0)
...the...
idea behinda
new security system called Toad 10. lt is designed
t o m a k e c a r s ( 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . i.m . p o s s i b l et o s t e a l . ( 2 )
a thief tries to break into a car or start (3)
without a key, a thick cloud of non-poi-
s o n o u ss m o k ei s r e l e a s e (d4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . s. .e. .c o n d sT. h e
smoke, (5) quickly preventsthe thief from
(6) . ............... clearly,is also likelyto attracta great
(7) ..................... of attentionto the car. The inventors
of Toad 10 believethat it will be effective,partly (8)
to the Jactthat it was made with the help oi
former car thieves. The designers (9) ...-.........an
advert in a newspaper,invitinglormer car thievesto
come and put some anti{hettdevicesto the test.These
retiredthieves came (10) with enough
g o o d i d e a st o ( 1 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t.h. .e. T o a d 1 0 v i r t u a l l y
f o o l p r o o fN. o t ( 1 2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .d. o
. .e. sa s e c u r i t yc a m e r a
record the thief's face, but there's also a protective
screenfor windows,making it difficultto smash (13)
. T h i e v e sw h o a r e ( 1 4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t. o ....
traditionalcar securitysystemswill haveno ideahow to
deal with this one. This should make them think (15)
before attemptinga theft.
Sports€t llobbies
The opening ceremoniesand most of the wheelchair
basketballgameswereso d out ong beforethe startof
the AtlantaGames. This new interestis
especiallypleasingfor Bob Steadward,
presidentof the
Lookat the titleand guesswhatthe text is about.
International
ParalympicCommtiee, whose.job it is to
Guesswhetherthe followingstatements are true or
lalse,then quicklyreadthe textand see if your promotegreaterawarenessoi and moreparticipation in
guesseswerecorrect. the disabledversionof the Games.
Fewspectators are attraciedto the Paralympic
Games. " A sa r e s ui c ' : ' t e m o n e yw e h a d ,a n dt h e
The International Paralympic Committee do noi spon-
sor disabledathleles. moneywe receivedfron.ri.: IOC (lnternationai Olympic
lvloreand moresportsare beingaddedto the Committee),we wereao e ic sponsormorethan 100ath-
Paralvmoic Games. Ietesirom 35 countries..,.J ..,oLrld otherwisenot have
had a chanceto come
Thisis quiteinteresting
it you bearIn mind SPEAKERS'
thatin manypastevents,ticketshadto be
givenawayto attractspectators.
"Wearedemonstratingourabilitiesin an
environment whereour disabilities
don't
count." . Readthroughthete)dagainandanswerthese
Buttheyarepushingbackthe barrlers ouestions:
which,untilrecently,keptthe disabledfrom a) Whatarethe Paralympic Gamesandwho
lakingpartin sports. takespartin them?
b) Howmanyandwhatkindof Paralympic
eventsarementioned in thete)d?
c) HowwereParalympic athleleshelpedto
2 Look at the words in bold and try to explain participate
in the Gamesby the IOC?
them.
. Howaredisabled/handicapped peopletreated
in oursociety?Talkaboutthis in termsof
3 Choose the correct item. education,mobility and employment.
Thedog wasso ..........
thateveryonewasafraidof it.
A tame B fierce C violent D wild
5 Fill in each gap with one of the prepositions
The ............
in the stadiumreallyenjoyedthe match. below.
A soectatorsB audiencec onlookersD viewers
Somepeoplelackthe ............
to excelat sport. into - of - up - in - rouruI- at - out of - betueen
- for -
A capabilityB suitability
C quality D ability
We usuallyplaya ............
of chessafiertea.
tp"
A game B set C sport D match
N o t h i n gc o u l dk e e ph i m . . . . . . . - . .t .a.k i n gp a r t i n t h e
game.
Aofi B outside C from D out of
out so we couldn'tget any
Thematchwas............
tickets.
A bought B given C put D sold
53
Unit8 Sports€t Hobbies
10 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct Johnfoundit difficultto usethe Internet.
form of the infinitive or -ing form. difiicultyJohn ..............
Internet.
Markwisheshe hadgot a computerinsteadof a ry
Jorhis birthday.
rather Markwould
thana ry for his birthday.
Theydon'tlet peoplesmokein the auditorium.
allow Theydon't ...............
in
theauditorium.
TheyforcedJackto payhis debt.
made Jack.................... payhisdebt.
"l wantto knowwhyyou areso late,"Mothersaid
ro me.
(junp)fromtheaero-
AtfirstI wasafraid................... reason Motherwantedto know
planebut my instructorhelpedme so late.
(ovetcome)my teat. Youdon'tneedto wasteanymoretimeon this.
I suggested that she should............-.........(start) point There's no ............any
exercisingbut she told me she couldn't afford moretimeon this.
(join) a gym.
He intends (reave)earlyin the morning, OPEN CLOZE TEXT
afthough (wakeup) aI
thismeans...........................
5:30am.
12 Fill in eachgap with one word only,
f wouldprefer (have)my own business
ratherthan (work)for somebodyelse. Since(0).its..inven-
"Do you regret (turn down) his job tion in the late 1970's,
offer?""No, becausethe job involved the mountainbike (1)
(travel)abroada lot.' .........
become incredibly
He was made (reveal)tne nameof his popular. lts attractions
accomplice afterhe wasseen................... (leave) (2)........
obvious: moun-
the disusedfactorywithher. tainbikingcombines the
(go)somewhere
"Let's................... else.There'sno
point...................
(wait)fora tablein thisplace." excitement ol a fast
(larrdforhoursabouthistrip
Hewenton ................... theper
sport(3)....-......
to Africa and how he would always remember lect excuseto get (4)
(meet)a tribeof natives. ............
andreallyenioy
They were advised................... (take) plentyof the countryside.
warmclothing withthemto avoid................... (feer) Mountainbiking (s)
coldoncetheywereon the mountain. .....inventedin California
Sheloves (be) givengifts,and shewill in the 1970'sby people
neverforget (receive)a hugebouquet
of pinkroseson herlastbirthday. looking (6) ..............a newthrill.Theytooktraditional
.. (live)in a tropical
1 1 Keithisn'tusedto ................. cli- bicyclesand startedtryingto find waysof makingthem
mafe; he is often heard (comptain) strong(7).............
to takeofftheroadsandintothecoun-
aboutthe humidweatherandthe unbearable heat. tryside.At (8) . . ... ., mountainbikingwasonlya down-
12 Shewas advisedby her doctor .-................ (So) hillsport,but (9) ..-..........
the sportdeveloped, people
on a diet,so shehasstopped....................... (eat) beganmakingthebikeslighterandfittingthemwithmore
sweetsandchocolates. gears,allowing themto be riddenuphillas (10)........... .
Some environmentalists claim that carelesscyclists
tl Completethe sentencesusing the words in (11)............
destroying thecountryside, andwantto see
bold. thesportbanned. Thiscould (12) ...-.....
avoidedby cre-
Sharonlikessoltdrinksmorethancoffeeor tea. atingmarkedtracksfor the cycliststo use,and making
prefers Sharon .. coffeeor tea. (13)..- . . thattheydo notjustcycleanywhere. Then
"Canyou openthe doorfor me,please?" perhapsthe sportcouldcontinueto grow(14)
mind "Wouldyou afiectingthe numerous others(15) ..............
enjoythe
the doorfor me.olease?" outdoorsas well.
Unit8 Sports&Hobbies
ERROR CORRECTION
B
t5 Cross out the unnecessary word in each of
the sentencesbelorv.
Dear Sheila,
(1): '. '
I'm iust uriting nor John is not NeitherPeter good enoughto play
,[],"x,x,],ii,:ill,riJi::,!.oi::l,k,,i:'^,:i:::7,
advircon a prlblcn
l'm cricketfor England.
lou'nf ,r^, -" i,.,r /rasbcr
2 I detestplayingrugbyand so doesdetestmy brother.
ts lho,t.o.lncno '3
lrrout fn, Probhn Swimmingit is the form of exerciseI like best.
' {ii'"lil; [,!;;i::::":::.':,'";,
,1,' o,^ ,i,t,,,, ,i, We had not neitherthe time nor the patienceto listen
", ",, to him complaining aboutthe trainingschedule.
',1:.:lIl^ll#'",^ol:t,e::;';i"':ii";';io2t2t'',yi',s,,
',:;f,:;,:; t''
d" ;i '1.1i;it;;'zt 'rPatt)
The vegetables need to washing before you chop
;;';i; );; them.
6 He doesn't mind for coming to the mee ng on
Friday.
Lotsof Io'Le' I havebeen fishingall day long and so has been my
Pennl father.
They saw her to come out of the shop carryinga lot
of bags.
56
Sports€t Hobbies
'.1-'
The engineof this car has to be servicedeverythree
months.
needs The engineof this car
everythreemonths.
She didn'tintendto tell us her secret.
i n t e n t i o n S h eh a d . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .u. s. .h. .e. .rs e c r e t .
Whetheryou like being l'd rathernot watch the late tilm on TV.
(0) ... (athlete) like I don'tfeel ....the late
and running around a film on ry.
track or prefer sitting It's possiblethat we will be given a testtomorrow.
indoors playing chess, might We.......................................-........
sports and hobbies romorrow.
nowadays are so (1) 1 0 Someonestolemy car radiowhileI was at work.
(vary) thal had 1........................................,..,......
there is something to I was at work.
suit everyone.The pace 1 1 Whenhe becomesan adult,he will be an artist.
of life today is so fasl grows W h e nh e . . . . . . . . . . .a. n
..
a n d ( 2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(. s. .f./.e s s )t h a t b e i n g a b l e t o d o artist.
something(3) (/erax)is becomingmoreand
more important.Greater(4) (aware) ot Ihe
needto exercisehas led lo the huge (5) ......,
(grow) of the sports industry.But the (6)
(rmportant)of lessactivehobbies,suchas chessor even
stampcollecting,shouldnot be ignored.For some peo-
p l e ,m e n t a(l 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .(.a. .c.l i v e )i s j u s ta s b e n e l i c i a ls
any physicalsport.Althoughpeopleare (8)
( i n c r c a s e )a w a r e o f t h e n e e d f o r ( 9 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(involve)in someform of recreation outsidetheirnormal
routine,the influenceof television and the growinguseof
home computersoften mean that people lack the (10)
(willing) lo lake up other interests.
grown She............................................herfear
of heights.
My sistercan alwaysborrowmy clothesif she needs
them.
mind I don't.................. my clothes
if she needsthem.
John'sbusinessis stillbasedin Essex,isn'tit?
works J o h ns t i l l. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
he?
I wish I hadn'tmovedintothis flat.
regret L.................................................thisf|at.
Thereare only a few biscuitsleftin the jar.
many T h e r ea r e . . . . . . . . . . . i.n. . .
the jar.
Earth:SOS
READING COMPREHENSION
58
Earth:SOS
1 T h ed r i v e rs w i t c h e d . .s. i t w a s g e t t i n g
o n t h e . . . . . . . . .a
oarK.
A aedd B bumperC headlightso windscreen wipers
b y t h e r i v e ri s . . . . . . . . . .w
T h e{ o o t p a t h . . t. h c o n c r e t e .
A made B paved C producedD done
G r e g. . . . . . . . . . . t. o. . p
. a yl o r t h e m e a la s i t w a st o o d i s -
gustingto eat.
A refused B denied C claimed D oroppeo
O u r( 1 ) . . . , . , . , . . . . . . E . .r,t hi,s p a r to i a ( n )( 2 )
. .a
Wood and concreteare just two oI the c a l l e dt h e M i l k yw a y . o u r ( 3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . .s. .y. s. t e mh a sn i n e
usedin the construction industry.
majorplanets,but Earthis the only one whichcan sup-
A labrics B matters C ingredients D materials
port lile.Of these planets,l\4ercury is the nearestto the
T h e . . . . . . . . . . . .m. .e. t a dl e a l e rw e n ta r o u n dt h e h o u s e s sun,whichalso makesit the hottest.Plutowas only dis-
collectingbrokenmachinesthat peopledidn'twant coveredin 1930,so it is still a fairly 'young' planetin
any more. termsof science.Peoplewho studythe starsor groups
A remnant B leftover C scrap D waste
o f s l a r s , k n o w n a s ( 4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a. .r.e, c a l l e d ( 5 )
B i gp o s l e r s. . . . . . . . . . .a. .l.lo. v e rt h ec i t yu r g i n gp e p l et o . Since ancienttimes, many people have
drive more carefully. enjoyed star-gazing,and it used to be thought thal
A appearedB lifted C raised D introduced s h o o t i n gs t a r so r ( 6 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., .a. .s.t.h. e ya r eo t h e r -
7 We took all the empty bottles to the recycling w i s ek n o w n ,w e r eb a d o m e n s W . h e na ( n )( 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(a with a 'lail" whichtravelsroundthe sun)
. . . . . . . . . . . a. .f.t.e rt h e p a r t y . brighlobject
A shop B centre C induslry D market appeared,it was saidto bringwith it a periodof change.
Unit9 Earth:SOS
Kathycares...........hersonverymuchandis proud
...........
himforhaving founda jobso soonafterleav-
inguniversity.
"Didyou hear........... what happened to Michael
whenhe wenton safarilastmonth?He fell out of a
treewhilehe wastryingto takea photo........... an
aoe.
I haven'theard........... Jamessincehe was out
...........
barsforstealing a car.
Keithsutfers.-.......low bloodpressure, whichpre-
playing
ventshim........... tootball.
Chlldren aredependent theirparents,
......... whoare
responsible for protectingthem...........
anyharm.
Anneis alwaysmoving........... oneplaceto another
searchof a quietareato livein.
...........
My teacherbelieves that I havea chance...........
passing the exam...........
anyditticulty as longas I
studyhard.
Brianenjoyswalkingalongthecoastline.......... any
6 Match the animals with the sound they make.
weather.
Manywildanimals arethreatened ...........
extinction,
becausenot enoughis beingdoneto protectthem
...........
ruthless hunters.
llionlahiss 1 0 Busesin thisarearun........... regulartimes.
2snakelbroa,
3 wolf I c miaow 9 Grres" the meaning of the following idioms,
4mouseldhowl then fill in the gaps.
scatlesqueak
6 cow I f bleat lh(.salt 0t'th?nrth .fiomal.lcannrsol'theeaflh.
7 dog I gmoo a drol: in the orctn Lite off thela.t,o/ thal.anll
Ssheeplhbark wipedofl tltet'uct of the earth
60
Earth:SOS Unit9
She is againstanimaltesting.Hersisterisn't.
'i;'i^.,;;;!#:f
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . y. .o. .u.n. .g. .
::i'f::;n:{;'r
w h e r e a s S h ei s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .
;;n,i
r;:;;,
.,,r0,"
her sisterisn't.
Therewereno busesrunningowingto the strike.
a c c o u n t T h e r ew e r en o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the strike.
i:,,,ii: r$ii,!;;rf
i -ii, "'il'' r'!\/rur\nurl
The city is polluted:it's overpopulated, too. n.l:ll'l;)' l,;;,,i
'
d tihe (0t/
also T h ec i t yi s n o t . , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i'rito too" tt
overpopulated. I'otte,
7 Wild animalsare still killedfor their skin althouoh
JenniJer
huntingthem is illegal.
despite
*:"
::l'i::l: :lil::::*:: :::i :::
6l
li;rir* Earth:SOS
In the introduction
of an argumentative
composi- il,IUX,TIPLECHOICE CLOZE TEXT
Iion(fotandagains,youcanstatethetopicby:
*+4 For quesriions ]. - 15 .-:arl r-hetext ancl fill in
makingreference to an unusual
sceneor sit-
eaclr of the qaps rr iti; oirt, r.;ord from the
uation.
iable below. The fir'.t ha. uecti done as an
addressing thereaderdirectly.
question. erample.
a startingwitha rhetorical
Certain(0) ...species..
u.5 :ir H. : 'i a : '...
dF) .. ^
e q i ; , i .r , . _ ,_) of animalsare in dan-
,,,,hicl- a:e ec:rtl a.rri -,yilicie are bad. i;i-.'ing ger for a number of
reas*lts io_r""y'll-1r:
at:is!i'€i':r. reasons.lt (1) .
that humans are the
63
Educntion
useda computerto get information 1 , . . _ .
aboutan oil spillage?
''t
get bothtun and practicalhelplrom . i-i :ii-f
r.-_ i ".-
Look at the title below and say what the text could the computer?
be about.
Guesswhetherthe followingstatements are true or usesa computerfor extrahelpat :l!--l
preferscomputer-printed
workto
hand-written
work?
PhilipEagle
{
J
lan Blomfield I
I
Cliff Harris
ChadesPalmer :
HelenBrown I
ChrisRichmond /
a
saysthatstudentsusetheirPCsto
communicate with eachother? ChurchillCommunitySchool in Somersetis a place
where pupils and staff have mastered the art of getting
Jseda computerto readold newspa-
what they want out of their computers.Like many school
pers?
boys, and his friends enjoy making paper
neededto learnto read beforehe aeroplanes.Theonlydifferenceis thattheseboysare being
giventips by a computer."lt's physics,aeronaulics and
couldplaya computergame?
education,"insistsPhilip.He torgetsto add thatit's alsoa
th nks pupilscan usethe Internet pleasant way oJ passingthe time duringthe morning
withoutany difiiculty? break.He is currentlyworkingon his personal statement
for the UCASuniversityentranceform. "l'veword-
doesn'talwaysunderstand
expla- processedit so I can get morewordsintothe spaceon the
nationsin class? form.Apartfrom that,it looksmuch bettertype-written."
He is one of the many pupilsat ChurchillCommunity
saysthat computersas teachers Schoolwho havechosento spendtheirtwentyminutesof
wouldbe veryboring? freedom in the learningresourcecentre, Here they can
borrow books, do last-minutehomework,catch up on
useda computerto fill in an appli- gossip or take a turn on one of the computersthat are
cationform? alwaysavailablefor them to use.
EducationUnitl0
65
Unitl0 Education
66
Educatiort
Un,rl0
4A Haveyouheardthenews?Tom..............(rcthe)
at the endof the month. 3 Areyouoneof thosepeoplewho owna carand :
(work)
B Yes,I know.By thattimehe ................. believetheyhavean advantage overotherswho l
herefor thirtyyears. usepublictransport? Thismaybe trueup to a point,'l
but owninga caralsohasits disadvantages.
5 A We'd betterhurry.Tom'splane...................
(arrive)at sixo'clock.
(get)thereon
B Yes.Do youthinkwe ..-..............
time? youngmenmustservein themil-
\ 4 In manycountries,
\ itaryfora specific periodof time.lt is my beliefthat
(start)atsix.We'dbetterhurry
6 A Thefilm................ .;
\ sucnlawsarebeneficial to a countryandonly
or we'llmissthebeginning. strengthen its militaryforces.
(drive)usto thecinema. \
B Don'tworry.Dad...........
67
Unitl0 Education
.KEY'
WORD TRANSFORMATION Althoughthe examwas djfficult,everybodypassed.
spite I n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .d. i.f.f.i.c. .u. l.t.,.
13 A. Cornpletethe sentencesusing the words everybodypassed.
in bold. I'm sureJamesbookedthe theatretickets.
must J a m e s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t.h. e ....
1 Theyarrangeda meetingso thattheycoulddiscuss theatretickets.
the contract. 1 0 You can only borrc,r c''.e videotape at a time.
view Theyarrangeda meeting borrowed O-.! o/.€
the contract. a: a :r"€
2 We took our umbrellasin caseit rained.
fear W e t o o ko u r u m b r e l l a s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .r .a. i.n. ..
I 4 nead the m(de i ixi,,' ir,d use the following
3 She had the brakescheckedbecauseshe didn't
topic senl€ni6 ro l-r,. tr. rhe gaps:
want to havean accident.
as She had the brakeschecked a. On the otht- :cz!. : -. -. -, tlurseutho choose
an accident. t o s p e n d h t ; , : + : - - . : ' : . , n e to u n n e c -
4 "l didn'tlie to her,"Jonathansalo. e s s q r yo p , r c : i ' i t : . " - .,rbt to
become
lied Jonathan . . . . . . . .t.o. h e r . "pedect".
5 Theyput a fencearoundthe houseto stop burglars b. To begin uith. '.. :, : . :re axtremely
from gettingin. ttnhappy iuill .ir:;. . -' - . : or bod.yfeahtes
prevent Theyput a fencearoundthe house ,........ which they consider unattructiL'e.
gettingin. c- Moreouer, plastic srlrgery can proae beneficial
6 Shespokein a low voiceto avoidbeingheard. to people whose careers depend on their
as Shespokein a low voice appearance.
nearo.
7 She has arrangedto visither uncletomorrow.
is She . . . . , . . . . .t.o. .m o r r o w . CosruerrcSuncenv-
WHo nenuv NEEDs
tr?
B. Complete the sentencesusing the words
in bold. The first one has been done as Nowadays, cosmeticsurgery
an example. has becomevery popularnol
only with celebritiesbul with
Tom mightnot bringenoughmoneywith him,so l'll
ordinary peopleas well.ln my
take some extra.
case l'li take some exlra moneywith me
opinion,this type of self-
..in caseTomdoesn't.bringenough. improvement canbe benefcialil
I'veneverseensuch a talltree before. donefor the rightreasons.
ever l t ' st h e . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . I [--l rnese"imperfections" can havenegative
seen. effectson a person'spsychological well-being,making
I adviseyou to studyharder. them leel self-conscious.In such cases, cosmetic
better Y o u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s t u d y h asurgery
r d e r . not only improvesa person'soutwardappear-
John lookslikehis grandfather. ance but it also makesthem leel betteraboutthemselves.
takes John.......,............. hisnran.t- Actors,modelsand evenpoliticiansresort
E n
father. to it in orderto correctany partsof their body they are not
Sheilawas late becauseshe forgot to set the alarm
happywith.Problemssuch as wrinkles,prominentears,
clock.
scars and moles can be improvedby surgery.
r e m e m b e r e dl f S h e i | a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the alarm clock, she wouldn't have E l-Irhis can be very dangerousto their health,
beenlate. and may also have psychologicalside effects,as perfec-
, .. att.. .
Hrs-r healthwas causedby too much smoking. tion can neverbe reached.
brought Too much In conclusion,lthink thal cosmeticsurgerycan be
his ill health. usetul in certaincases.It is important,however,that
"l'm sorry,I didn'tmeanto interruptyou,"he sajdto us. people carefullyconsjder the reason why they want to
apologised He........................ have such an operationbeforemakingthe decisionto
US. "go underthe knife".
EducationUnit l0
l5 fru in the gaps in the model below using link- discovering new ideasat theirown pace.(9) ..................
ing words or expressions from the list. For (su/prrse), Montessori'sschoolchildrendid not become
each item there may be more than one answer. (10) ............
(bore) very easily,and undisciplined chil-
dren became much better behaved. Today, there are
To sum up, Firstb, In my opinion, Wat is more, schoolsall over the world which bear MariaMontessori's
Contrary to what most/mqnj people beliez:e,In nameand use her methods.
addition, To begin with, In conclusion,Some
people argue that, In my aiew, Finally
ERROR CORRECTION
Sendingone'schildrento boardingschoolusedto be
the most acceptableway of educatingthem, but over the | 7 Cros" out the unnecessary words.
pastlew years people'sopinionshavebegun to change.
(1) ......,.. . . , however,sendingone'schildrenaway 1 He left earlyfor to avoidgettingstuck in a trafficjam.
to schoolcan be extremelybeneficialfor them in later life. 2 They will have been announced the results by
(2) .. . . ........, childrenwho go to boardingschool tomorrowafternoon.
learnat a young age to becomeindependent and to live 3 Pleaserememberto phoneus the momentyou will
withouttheir parents.This meansthat they are betterpre- arrivein Paris.
paredto live on their own when the time comesfor them 4 You'd better cook plenty of food in case they will
to go to universityor start work after leavingschool. stay for dinner.
(3) ...... . . , boardingschoolteaches youngpeo- 5 She lett the phone off the hook so as that she would
ple how to get along better with others, since they live not be disturbed.
with their classmatestwenty four hours a day. This can
help them later on in life to cooperatewith colleaguesat OPEN CLOZE TEXT
work and with peoplearoundthem in general.
(4) ....................
boardingschoolsare bad for children 18 fiU in each gap with a suitable word.
becausechildrenneedto be able to soend time with their
parentson a daily basis. lt is said that this is especially
The first informationrevolution
true Joryoungerchildren,who may feel that their parents
took (0) ...prace... five hundred
haveabandonedthem by sendingthem away. yearsago(1).................. Johann
( 5 ) . . . . . . . . ., l f e e lt h a tb o a r d i n sgc h o o l sh a v ea l o t printingpressmade
Gutenberg's
to offer.This is shown by the fact that childrenwho have books big business.The printed
been to boardingschoolare oftenfar betterequippedfor pagechangedthe (2) ............. people
life than those who have not. thoughtandhowtheyrantheirlives.Now
we are in the (3) ................ ol a secondrev-
WORD FORMATION 'Will
olution,andthe questionto be asked(4) .................,
the Drintedword survive?"
1 6 Complete the following text with the correct
Paper books are cheap and efficient,(5) . . . ....
derivatives of the words in bold. The first
electronicbookscan store(6) ..-........... moreinformation
one has been done as an exarnple. - a thousandpaperbacks on one disk- and managethat
MARrA MoNTEssoRl information in waysthatpaperbookssimply(7) ............ .
This revolutionarynew system is called CD-ROM,(8)
Maria Montessori is not (0) ..primari/y.. (Wimary) means"compactdisc read only memory"as
remembered for being ltaly'sfirstwomanto graduatein once the disk is made (9) ............... contentscannot
medicine,althoughthis was the first of her many signifi- ( 1 0 ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a. l. t. e. .r e d .
. (accomplish).Montessori
cant (1) ................ wenton to lmagine the twenty volumes of the Oxford English
becomeone ofthe leading(2) .............. (educate)of the Dictionary- which in book lorm weighs sixty-sixkilos
twentiethcentury.Sheworkedwith3l ............... (mental) and has 21,720pages- (11) on one disc.
disabledchildrenat the beginningof the century,and in For small children,there alreadyexistsa superb ency-
1907openedher iirstschoolfor childrenof "normal"(4) clopaediaon two discs which offersvisualexperienceas
(inteltigent).Whatmadeher approachunique ( 1 2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . a
........-...... . .s. .i.n f o r m a t i o n
l f .,i o r ( 1 3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . a
....,
was her (5) (betieve)that childrenlearnmore child wants informationon a tiger, they are not (14)
il their (6) ...........(create) talentsare encouragedto given the informationrequested,but in the
develop.Individual,ratherthan cooperative,learningwas top right-handcornerof the screenthey can seea real-life
stressed. Montessori used (7) (interest) naturefilm of the tiger.
objectsto capturethe (8) ............ (attend)ot her pupils. thingis sure - learningis setto become
(15) .............
They were allowedto work on their own, exploringand more exciting with CD-ROMs.
69
Entertainment
Slone'sdetermina'tion
to succeedcan be seenin the way
she dealswiththe nastyrumoursthatcheapnewspapers
printabouther.
.dH
Unitl1 Entertainment
72
Entertainment Unit I I
3 Saradoesn't know if she (accept) the job 3 The party was quite (enjoy) and I
yet - she (sti lthink) about it. I met a lot of interestingpeople.
(meeq net this eveningso I hope she 4 Marsha bought a {reverse) coat
(telr)me whatshe...................
(dectde) whichis red on one sideand blackon the other.
ro oo, (aclapt)
5 Balphis an .......................... person,
so he
4 Thistime nextweekSue and Ron ...................(sait) quicklygot usedto livingin a foreigncountry.
aroundthe world.They (look) lowad 6 . (conveft)i it opens up
The sofais ........................
to thistripfor years.Eversincetheyfirst...-............... intoa bed.
(meet), they (dteam) oI travelling 7 The teacher said that the naughty student's
(rook) as though
togetherand now it ................... (accept).
behaviourwas not ..........................
their dream (come) lrue.
73
UnitI I Entertainment
l6 11 n ua tle following beginnings and decide which of the plans above have been used to write
them. Then write an appropriate title or headline for eaih one.
EEelNNIrUeS...
13 Everyyear in June,the NewhavenFestivaltakes
I placein Newhaven, Kent.lt is one of the largest
{ culturaltestivalsin the southof England,during
I whichhundredsof differenteventstake placeto
! celebrate the beginningof the summer.
alongthe pavement.
i lvlodern ballet has a
long and colourful(0) ..4..
As its aristocraticlook (1)
....,this dancelorm has its
j . Microwaveovens have long been seen as time- :
rootsin the (2) ....courtsof
) savingdevicesthat the modernfamily can't do . western Europe. At first,
i without.However,many people feel that they are 1 the graceful(3) .,..accom-
j dangerous.There definitelyseem to be both i paniednot only music,but
j advantages and disadvantagesto owning a i speech and poetry as (4)
, microwave. ...., The RoyalAcademyof
Dance was (5) .... in the
mid-17th century by the
FrenchKing,LouisXlV, in
(6) .... to perfectthe art
form which so many peo-
ple love today. lt was not
until the 18th centurythat
balletbegan to be used to (7) .,.. stories,or in other
-,cl -:r. . rl:: ., : " words, to become a dramaticand theatricalspectaclein
lriI ir,.:r: :r; : r' , itself.Both seriousand comic balletswere (8) .... at that
l ' - - ! r . . .5 a l i , ' - ' , i ' l time. lt was (9) ..,.the 19thcentury,however,that clas-
i . . .i
',:".t I
_: -i:.: . sical ballet (10) .... its final form. Ballerinasbegan to
':, danceon the (11) ....ot theirtoes,and the (12) ....musi-
ir: . , t.', .
cians and choreographersbeganto developballetaway
l'.iii-!i .1 i 1! r')- from its "socialdance" roots and into a(n) (13) .... art
::,1:,iri a: l:; I .- l
form.The Danesand the Russians(14)....to refineballet
''lrlt over the following decades.Today, new types of steps
i::: r: 1 r'r:
iirttrr; .r1. ,:: i,:r:.,r and musicare used, but its aristocratic (15) .... are still
j'::, .
.ll;r,: rr., t : i-,,,,:r;,.t:, verymuchin evidence.
RE.\DING COMPRtrIJENSION
lvlostbusinesstravellerswould turn up their nosesat the
ideaol not travellingbecauseof a simplecold.Bui colds,
Readthroughthe articlequickly,find a suitabletifle sinusitisand inner ear infections all block the tubes
for it and brieflystatewhat it is about. which connecteach ear with the throat, and reduced
Try to answerthe iollowingquestions,then read the cabin pressurein aeroplanes couldcauseconsiderable
text and see if your answerswere correct. pain or evena burst eardrum. To find out if the tubes are
What can make passengersbreathlessduring a
flight? clear,a simpletest can be done on the ground.Try to
b ) Why shoulda tootrestbe used? makeyour earspop by holdingyournoseshutand blow-
c) What is the effectof crossingdifferenttime zones ing gently.lf your ears do not pop, you may be in for a
called? miserable fliqht.
E
Mindthosestitches. t
l
Operations,however,are a differentmatter.There is a
great risk that stitches may come undone if you travel
D In-flighteating.
i too soon after surgery.This is a result of the swellingof
the stomachwhich is causedby reducedair pressure.
Exercise
on board. I This may only causepain, but if you havejust beenoper-
ated on, you shouldthinktwiceabouttravellingby air.
a Mythsaboutmoisture. {
Timezonetrouble.
l E
t Whiletravellingwith new stitchescan be risky,the prob-
H A caseof nerves.
{
I lems caused by the dry atmospherein an aircraft have
been exaggerated.Kidneys react to the dryness and
storeenoughwaterto make up for it, so it is reallyonly
\he skn and e\es \'rH'\chsuiter. Consun'rng a \o\ ol t\u\ds
whileilying is unnecessary just drink enoughto stay
comfortable, and use a good moisturiser on your skin.
r
The drawback of flying that most busy executivesreluse
to face is sittingstill.lf you spendyour day rushingfrom
meetingto meeting,havinga seven-hour fllghtto spend
relaxingmay seemlikeheaven.Not movingenoughcan
causeproblems,though,blood clots in the legs being
the worst of them. Although these clots are normally
harmless, if a clot endsup in the lungit quicklybecomes
a seriousmatter.
76
Transport Unit 12
77
Unit 12 Transaort
3 The............
ordered thecrewtogofullspeedahead. Theoldladywasconfined ................
herflat,so she
4 Beingan air.............-......
involves a greatdealof relied................
hergrandson to do allhershopping
travellingaroundtheworld. forher.
A zebracrossingis a placewhere...................can Thisresortcaters.................
families withyoungchil-
crossthe roadsafely. dren,so we comeheretwicea year,............... aver-
The.....................
blewhiswhistle andthetrainslow- age,to get awayfromit all.
ly pulledout of the station.
Thecrowdcheered as the.....................
spedby 8 Match the idioms with their definitions.
duringthe bicyclerace.
Thenumberof drivingin citieshas
doubledin the lasttenyears.
Wheneverhis car breaksdown, he takes it to a
..............
forrepair. drivingforce a. to begintravelling
1 0 The....................
of theBounlyrebelled against their b. to do slh thatcauses
captainandtookoverthe ship. problems
hitthe road c. of an unspoiltplace
6 Fill in the correct prepositions. that is far awayirom
otherplaces
Thehotelcaters............ allkindsoi dinnerfunctions ott the beatentrack d. sb who startssth or
and relies............ localcompanies Jormostof its proposesa ptan,
business. idea,etc.
Unlesspassengers pay ............
a first-class
cabin, missthe boat e. to losethe chanceto
they are confined............ the lowerdecksof the do sth becauseone
cruiseshio. didn'tact quickly
............
average, trainsaretested............ wearand rockthe boat
tearonceeverythreemonths.
Claire depends ............
herfather to payforthethings
shewants;sheis always askinghim............
money. 9 Underline
the correct word.
7 PRNPOSITIONCHECK ON UNITS IO _ 12
1 Johnis tarlmorefriendly thanhissister,but hissis-
Fill in the correct prepositions. ter is much/verymorepatientthanhe is.
2 Watchinga film at the cinemais very/moreinter-
Themanager discussed hisplans.............
theother estingthanwatchingit on television.
employees............detail and listenedto their 3 Theweatheris a bitfew colderthannormalfor this
suggestions. AII ............
all, it was a successful timeof year.
meeting. 4 lt is ever/muchhotterthanit wasin July.
Selfishness is alien............Tim'snature- he is 5 Thistea is farlbitsweeterthanI usuallytakeit.
always willingto participate............schemes to help 6 As a childhe was anyfar morecheerfulthan he is
thepoor. as an adult.
It is verylmportant ............
meto be ableto spend
time............
my ownsothatI canrelax. 1O fil in the, than, of or in.
Thekey............ writing wellisto concentrate ...._.......
choosing themostsuitable language possible. 1 TheRhineis longer............ theThamesbutit,snot
Roomserviceis available for hotelguests............ ............ longest river............ thewono.
request - thereis a choice............ snacksandsand- 2 The Smithshavegot............ mostexpensive car
wicheson themenu. ............ myneighbourhood; it hasmoreaccessorie
Thedishthatwas ............ displayin the shopwin- ......_..... anyone else's.
dowwasideal............ makingpies,so I boughtit. 3 JohnWaynewas one............ the mostpopurar
I'm going............ a journeyto SouthAmericanelit actorsin Hollywood;he mademorefilms
month,butI haven'tgotanyclothesthataresuitable almostanyotherstar.
............
thehotclimate. 4 He wouldpreferto eat out rather............ cook.
Afterlhad paid............ my shopping, laskedthe 5 Sally'svoice is louder-........... mine, but Anne,sis
assistant ............
a receipt. . . . . . . . . . l.o. .u d e s.t. . . . - . . .a. .l .l .
78
'l?
Transport Un:rt
6 . . . . . . . . .a. .l.lt h e p e o p l eI k n o w ,J a m e si s . . . . . . . . . m
. . .o s t 5 Judy prefersdancingto aerobics.
intelligent. would J u d y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .d. .o.a. .e. .r.o. .b i c s .
6 That film was not as entertainingas the other ones.
t{ liervrite the se:l{eircesusi:re;tlr: r,rorcisi:.r least Thatfi|m........................................
br;rclicts as irr,ti-,ee:arnpie. 7 Can't she type any fasterthan that?
the |slhat...........................................
e.g.It uas cold,ysterdal. Il is mmer todaj. (nlt as I We hadn'texpectedthatthe lecturewouldbe so bor-
... as)It is not as cold todal as it wasysterdal. ing.
much T h el e c t u r e . . . . . . . .w. .e
Lucy is twentyjour years old. Tom is twenty-four had expected.
years old. (as ... as)
2 My housewas moreexpensive than hers.(nofas ... -i*-llt - ---* ,
as)
3 Thatdressis elegant.This dressis eleganttoo. (as i ltli C,:osscui the unnr:cesrrrrr.r 1.r{,iils ,,.ilere
.,, as) nc{ressarI,
4 Theunderground stationis verycloseto my house.The
bus stationisn'tverycloseto my house.(notas ...as) 1 She is a morebetterdriverthan I am.
2 He can walk much{asterthan me.
3 Theold ladywalkedthe moreslowlythanher daugh-
{2 Fill in ar oi'lilrc.
ter.
4 Peleis amongthe bestlootballplayersin the world.
J a n ec a n s i n g . . . . . . . . . .a. .b i r d .H e r v o i c ei s
5 The longerhe exercises, the far moretiredhe gets.
g o o d , . . , . . . . .M . . .a r i a hC a r e y ' s .
6 Jim is a verymoreefficientworkerlhan Stan.
T o m w o r k s. . . . . . . . . a . . .s l a v e H . e i s r e g a r d e d. . . . . . . . . . . .
7 He spendsthe halfas muchmoneyas hiswifedoes.
the hardest-working employeein the company.
I She usedto wearthe sameclothesas with her sister.
A l t h o u g hh e l o o k e d. . . . . . . . . .h. a . r d . . . . . . . . . .n. .a i l s ,i n
f a c th e w a s . . . . . . . . .a. . c. h i l d .
L u c y ' sc o m p l e x i oins . . . . . . . . . s. .o. f t. . . . . . . . . a . . .b a b y ' s . {5r h,]r'l,r:r.1,,riir.l.i:;r r,i,, i.: r: :er eli.iisatiolrs.
H e rs k i nf e e l s. . . . . . . . .s. .i .l k .
rr .11L .iI 5i
c Shefounda job ............ a clerkat a seasidehotel. [:
6 SharonStonehas had greatsuccess........,... a pro- 1 A significantnumberof new cinemashaveopened
fessionalactress. over the past year.
7 She'streated............ a queenwherevershe goes. 2 74% o'l students have to take out a loan at some
o The ballet dancer litted the ballerinainto the air pointduringtheirstudies.
. . . . . . . . .a. . r. a g d o l l . 3 Salesof homeopathicmedicinehaveincreasedby
I can easily carry this suitcase,lt's ............. light 47Y"ovet lhe past five years.
. . . . . . . . .a. .f.e a t h e r .
1 0 F l o r e n c eN i g h t i n g a l e i s s e e n . . . . . . . . . .a. . h e r o i n e G ffi F{ E n& i. ; J A-ii I r/]i${ $
becauseof her pioneeringwork ............ a nurse.
a This demonstrates that more and more peopleare
turningto alternative healthmethods.
{ 3 Compk:ie tht' scnt,:-'ncqs :rsing the *,orris im b This shows that waiching films is a pastimethat is
bold. becoming more popular.
c This indicatesthat students are not provided with
1 Markis a fast runnerbut Jordanis faster. enoughmoneyto liveon by the government.
than Jordan............,..........,...................Mark.
2 l'd rathergo out than stayin.
rather I d p r e f e r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . { 6 aeaClthc gerrc,nii;aiiir-rs anci wl:lie th.^ tr'acis.
stay in.
3 Siuart played betteras the matchwent on. 1 This indicatesthat smokingis still on the increase
l o n g e r T h e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t. h. .e. . . . . . . . . .among
.., the youngergeneration.
hptipr St||arf nleved. 2 Thisillustrates thatpeoplearetakingmoreinterestin
4 Thatis the funniestjoke l've everheard. theirhealth.
as I haveneverhearda joke 3 This showsthat workingmothersdo not havetime to
one. preparehomemademeals.
v9
Unit 12 Transport
17 1i1 nead the two models and-say which is a survey report and which assessesgood and bad points.
Then decide how they differ and how they are similar.
(ii) Read model B again and underline the linking words which join contrasting points.
To:Mr BillFortham.Marketing
Manager To:MrsJanetPrice,Manager
From:BarbaraCook,AssistantMarketing
Manager From:SusanGillman, Personal
Assistant
Subjeci:Useof perfumesandcolognes Subject:Entertainers
forcompanyChristmas
party
Introduction Introduction
The purposeof this reportis to Thisreportwaswrittento assessthe possibilityof our
showthe resultsof a recentsur- companyusingEntertainment Unlimited
to entertain
the
vey into people's use of per- staff'schildrenat ourannualChristmas
partythisyear.
fumesandcolognes. Background
All the entertaineB
aretrainedand manyof themcan
Typesof fragrancesbought
also performmagic tricks.One drawbackto using
It wasfoundthata largenum-f
Entertainment Unlimitedis that, becausethey are so
ber of the women who buy
popular,bookingshaveto be madeai leasta monthin
expensiveFrenchoerfumesare
advance.
over 25, showing that many
youngerwomencannotaffordcostlyperfumes. Features
Thesurveyalsoshowedthatfew menbuyfragrances A varietyof costumes
canbe selected
for the entertain-
for themselves;
85% of the men surveyedsaid they ersto wearsuchas Ouasimodo, Pochahontas, Aladdin
weregivencolognesandaftershavesas gifts. andSnowWhite.However, theydo nothavesuperhero
costumes (suchasBatmanor PowerRangers)whichare
Whenused popularwithchildren
thesedays.
As a rule,90%of womenweara fragranceof some
kindeveryday,whereasthe remaining1O%onlywear Costs
scentson specialoccasions. Thisindicatesthat most Thereis a chargeof !30 per hourfor eachentertainer.
womenenjoywearingperfumeon a daylo-daybasis. Forthispricetheywillorganisegamesandfullyentertain
Onlya smallproportionof mensaidtheywearcologne the children,
althoughanyprizesfor gameshaveto be
everyday. This impliesthat most men prefernot to providedby us.
wearcologneon a regularbasis. Recommendation
To sum up, it is recommended that two or three
Conclusion entertainers be hiredfrom Entertainment Unlimited
for
Takingeverythinginto account,this surveyindicates our Christmas party,sincepricesare reasonableand
that womenbuy fragrancesfar more than men do. thereis a fairlywiderangeof costumesforcustomers to
Womenalsotendto wearscentsmoreoftenthanmen. choosefrom.
.KEY'
WORD TRANSFORMATION
18 Completethe sentencesusing the words in bold. Use two to live words. The first one hasbeen done as
an example.
1 "Why don't you cook some spaghetti?"she asked 4 They'llgiveusthe information tomorrow.
me. given We......................................1
suggested She ...suggested(my)cooking...some 5 Whenlwas a child,we haddinnerwithmy grand-
spaghetti. parentseverySunday.
When John left, he didn't say goodbyeto me. have Whenlwasa child, we ...................
without J o h n i e f t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m e . my grandparents everySunday.
The bomb exploded,breakingthe windowsof the 6 Therateof unemployment riseseachyear.
nearbybujldings. goes Therate.............................
eachvear.
went T h e b o m b _ . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7. . . tlt's h ea pitythe dog ranaway.
windowsof the nearbvbuildinos. not 1wish.................................
80
Transport Unit12
r9 Read the model below and provide suitable OPEN CLOZB TEXT
subheadinss.
21 Fill in eachgap with one word only.
THEDEEP-SEA
DRrvERs
To sum up, this surveyshowsthat cruisesare more Britain'srailwaynetworkhas (Ol ...recently... (recent)
popularwith retiredpeoplewho havea high income beenexperiencing a new kindof problem.lt is neither
thanwiththosewho do not.In contrast,makinghome technical (mechanic)
nor(1) ....................... butcould,
improvements is something thatmanyol thosewhodo nevertheless, leadto (2) (inlure)unlessit
not havea pensionplanintendto do. lt seems,there- receives immediate (aftend).lt appears
(3) ....................
fore,thatthereis a significant
difference
betweenwhat that rabbitshavebeendiggingtheirholesunderneath
peopleof differentincomesare planningto do when railwaytracks, (tortunatdmeans
which(4)....................
thevretire. thatthetracksareat riskof collapsing. The(5)
(soft) of the earth under the tracks makes it a (6)
(suit) placefor rabbitsto dig theirholes.
20 Readthe following topics and identify the However, the railbedbecomes(7) ...................... (sta-
type of report. bre) when it is undermined by holes, (8) . .............
(special)in heavyrain.Numerousareashavealready
1 A localmagazineneedsa reportaboutyoungpeople's experienced problems,causingdelaysto rail services.
spendinghabits.Writea reportfor the magazine. The numberof rabbitsin Britainhasincreasedoverthe
2 Yourcompanyhasaskedyou to visitan expensive past forty years becauseof their (9)
restaurant wherethey are consideringentertaining (resist) to myxomatosis, the diseaseresponsiblefor
someimportantclients.Writeyourreport. thousands of deathsinthe 1950's. Rabbits arenowcon-
3 Your school newspaperneeds an article about sideredto be (10) ................ (destrcy)nuisances,
youngpeople'sattitudesto recycling.Writea report insteadof the cuddly,friendlyanimalseveryone would
for the newsoaoer. liketo thinkthevare.
8r
Unit12 Transaort
82
'12
kansport Unit
83