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Physics Investigatory Project: Year:-2017-2018
Physics Investigatory Project: Year:-2017-2018
Investigatory
Project
Year :- 2017-2018
BY :-
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
CERTIFICATE
Last but not the least I would like to thank my classmates who
have helped me a lot.
INDEX
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE / AIM
APPARATUS / MATERIAL REQUIRED
DIAGRAM
THEORY
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATIONS
CALCULATIONS
RESULTS
PRECAUTIONS
SOURCES OF ERRORS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
𝐶
𝑛=𝑉
Where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the phase velocity of light in the medium.
For example, the refractive index of water is 1.333; meaning that light travels 1.333 times
faster in a vacuum than it does in water.
APPARATUS
Convex Lens
Plane Mirror
Water
Oil
Clamp Stand
An Optical Needle
Plumb Line
Knitting Needle
Half Meter Scale
Glass Slab
Spherometer
DIAGRAM
THEORY
1. If f1 and f2 be the focal length of the glass convex
lens and liquid lens and f be the focal length of their
combination then:-
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝑭𝒇𝟐
= + or f2 =
𝑭 𝒇𝟏 𝒇𝟐 𝒇𝟏 −𝑭
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= (𝒏 − 𝟏) ⌊ − ⌋
𝒇𝟐 𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
=(𝒏 − 𝟏) ⌊ − ⌋
𝑹𝟏 ∞
𝟏
= (n-1)⌊ − 𝟎⌋
𝑹
𝟏 𝒏−𝟏
=
𝒇𝟐 𝑹
𝑹
n= +𝟏
𝒇𝟐
Where n = Refractive index of the liquid
R = the radius of the curvature of the convex lens.
𝒍𝟏 + 𝒍𝟐 + 𝒍𝟑
l=
𝟑
OBSERVATIONS
(1) AB = 3 cm
(2) BC = 3 cm
(3) CA = 3 cm
2 64 0 4 60 0.6
To measure focal length ‘f’ of convex lens
CALCULATIONS
(0.555+0.6)
Mean of h = = 0.5775 cm
2
𝑙2 ℎ
𝑅= + = 2.8861 𝑐𝑚
6ℎ 2
Measurement of refractive indices of water and oil
1) With water between the convex lens and the plane mirror:
𝑅 2.8861
𝜇1 = 1 + = 1+ = 1.0831
𝑓2 34.7
2) With oil between the convex lens and the plane Mirror
𝑅 2.8861
𝜇2 = 1 + = 1+ = 1.2886
𝑓3 10
Results
SOURCES OF ERROR