Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Academy, bhopal
2015-2016
Index
SR. NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO.
1 OBJECTIVE 1
2 APPARATUS 2
3 THEORY 2
4 PROCEDURE 3
5 OBSERVATION 6
6 CALCULATION 7
7 RESULT 8
8 PRECAUTION 8
9 SOURCES OF ERROR 9
10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 10
Objective
TO FIND REFRACTIVE INDICES OF WATER AND
TURPENTINE OIL USING A PALNE MIRROR, AN
EQUICONVEX LENS(MADE OF GLASS OF
KNOWN REFRACTIVE INDEX) AND AN
ADJUSTABLE OBJECT NEEDLE
Apparatus:
A convex lens, an optical needle, a plane mirror, a clamp stand,
a spherometer, a plumb line, metre scale, water and turpentine
oil.
Theory:
Let’s add small amount of water on a flat, plane surface and
place a convex lens over it. This forms a plano-concave lens of
water between the lower surface of convex lens and plane
mirror.
Let f1 and f2 are the focal lengths of water lens and convex lens
respectively, then focal length of the combination is:
1 1 1
= +
F f1 f2
1 1 1
The focal length of the plano-concave lens is, f 1=F −f 2 …(i)
=( μ−1 )(1/R)
∴
R1 = R and R2 = ∞ for water lens.
∴
The refractive index of water is , μ=1+fR …(ii)
1
Procedure:
(ii) Place the plane mirror with the convex lens placed
on it above the horizontal base of a clamp stand
horizontally as its tip lies vertically above the
optical centre of the lens. Adjust the needle at a
height a little more than the rough focal length of
the convex lens.
(iv) Note the distance of the tip of the needle from the
centre of the upper surface of the lens. Let it be x1.
(Use plumb line).
Observations
2
plane lens plane
mirror X1 mirror
X2
Without 1 30.5 31 30.75 f1= liquid 2 36.7 37.2 36.95 33.8
5
With 1 31.4 31.8 31.6 f2=3 water 2 37.5 38.1 37.8 4.7
With oil 1 9.4 9.6 9.5 f3=1
2 10.4 10,6 10.5 0
CALCULATIONS
Mean distance between two legs l= AB+BC3
+CA =3 cm
Mean h = 0.7557 cm
To find the radius of curvature of the convex lens:
l2 h
R= 6h+ 2=2.27366cm
2) With turpentine oil between the convex lens and the plane
mirror
μ2=1+fR3=1+ 2.27366=1.22736
Result
The refractive index of water is µ1 = 1.06552
The refractive index of turpentine oil is µ2 = 1.22736
Precautions
(ii) The screw should be moved just to touch the surface of the
convex lens or the glass slab.
(iv) The lens and the plane mirror should be properly cleaned.
Sources of error:
(i) The distances x1 and x2 may not be measured correctly.
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2. BOOKS :
Comprehensive Practical Manual for class XII