Lincoln,

Reconstruction Johnson,
&
Plans Congressional
Republicans
▪ What were the main points of
presidential Reconstruction under
Lincoln?
▪ What were the main points of
presidential Reconstruction under
Johnson, and what conflicts arose
between Johnson and Congress?
▪ What were the major policies and
achievements of Congressional
Reconstruction?
Plan for restoring the rebel states in Ten Percent Plan
1863

• Southerners who swore loyalty to the

U.S. and agreed that slavery was
illegal would receive amnesty and
regain citizenship.
• New state governments could be
formed after 10 percent of the state’s
1860 voters swore loyalty.
• States constitutions had to ban
slavery
• AR., LA, and TN rejoined the Union
under this plan
▪ Many Republicans thought he was too
lenient (soft)
▪ Congress refused to seat new members
from Lincoln’s Ten Percent states
▪ Wade-Davis Bill
▪ Loyalty oath must be taken by a
majority of the state’s adult white
males
▪ State constitutions amended to
abolish slavery and prohibit secession.
▪ Voluntary supporters of the
Confederacy could not vote or hold
office
▪ Lincoln pocket-vetoed: he thought it
encouraged southerners to keep fighting
▪ Abraham Lincoln was shot fatally on April
14, 1865 by a southerner named John
Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater in
Washington, D.C.
▪ Andrew Johnson became president
▪ White southerners swore loyalty for amnesty,
getting back citizenship and property.
▪ High-ranking Confederates and owners of
property over $20,000 needed presidential
pardon for amnesty (most were pardoned.
Pardons allowed former confederates to gain
political office
▪ States had to abolish slavery, repeal
secession, and nullify all Confederate debts.
▪ Southern voters elected 10 Confederate
generals, 2 former Confederate Cabinet
members and the V.P. of the Confederacy
▪ Congress did not recognize the newly elected
southern representatives.
New southern governments started passing
discriminatory laws against African American

Hoped to restore the white power structure by

ensuring the white planters a dependent black labor
force.

Most states allowed marriage No interracial

and testifying in court marriages or testifying
against other blacks against a white citizen

Other Discriminatory Laws: Labor contracts, could not

buy land or rent property, ex-slaves had to pay tax if
they did not work on plantation or as a domestic
servant
▪ Many Congressmen wanted to make sure the south
made dramatic changes before they rejoined the
Union
▪ Radical Republicans: opposed Johnson’s
Reconstruction plan
▪ Wanted African Americans to have the right to
vote and a role in the new state governments
▪ Johnson wanted each state to decide what black
civil rights to provide
▪ Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 that
gave African Americans the same rights as whites.
Johnson Vetoed → Congress still passed it.
▪ Granted U.S. citizenship to all people born
or naturalized in the United States
▪ Overturned the Dred Scott decision
▪ U.S. citizens equal protection under the
law and prohibited
▪ Guaranteed Due Process
▪ Prohibited all prewar officials who had
supported the Confederacy from holding
state or national political office
▪ Worried the U.S. Supreme Court might
overturn the Civil Rights Act of 1866
All states except for Tennessee refused to ratify the 14th
Amendment

• Race Riots broke out in Louisiana and Tennessee

Reconstruction Acts

• Invalidated southern state governments approved by

Johnson
• Divided the South into Five Military districts under U.S.
Army Control

States had to

• Ratify the 14th amendment

• Give adult black male citizens the vote on the state level
Reconstruction acts only
gave the right to vote to
black men in the South

Ratified in 1870: No citizen

could be denied the right to
vote because of…
• Race
• Color
• Or Previous condition of Servitude