Makalah Bangunan Air

Laporan Tugas Perancangan Perkerasan Jalan
SIA-314 BANGUNAN AIR
FOREWORD
The writer wants to thank to Almighty God because of His bless and
grace, he can finish this paper. This paper titled ” Waterworks Task ”. The writer
wrote it to fulfill the final assignment of waterworks course.
The writer also delivers his gratitude to Mr. Yedida, the waterworks
lecturer of ITENAS Bandung and Mr. Bangbang, the waterworks lecturer
assistant of ITENAS Bandung, for their guidance to complete it. This paper
provides the reader about the design of waterworks. The writer realizes that this
paper is far from perfect in the arrangement or in the content of the paper. The
writer hopes that the suggestions from the reader can be a support to make
her better in the next paper project.
Finally, the writer expects that it can be a medium for the reader to deepen
the knowledge about the figure of speech and its application.
Bandung, April 28th, 2019
Yori Raymizard Fahrudin
Yori Raymizard 22-2016-050 Page i

FOREWORD ........................................................................................................... i
CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ ii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1
1.1 Background .............................................................................................. 1
1.2 Formulation Of the Problem..................................................................... 1
1.3 Purpose ..................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Benefits ..................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................. 2
2.1 Theoritical basis ....................................................................................... 2
2.2 The classification Dam is follows: ........................................................... 2
2.3 Discharge Rating Curve ........................................................................... 3
2.4 Dam Hydraulics ........................................................................................ 3
2.5 Olak Pool .................................................................................................. 7
2.6 Intake Dam ............................................................................................... 7
2.7 Lantai Muka ............................................................................................. 8
2.8 Dam Stability ............................................................................................ 9
CHAPTER 3 CALCULATION ............................................................................ 11
3.1 Tahap 1 Lengkung Debit ........................................................................ 11
3.1.1 Mencari kecepatan (chezy) ............................................................. 12
3.1.2 Mencari debit .................................................................................. 12
3.2 Tahap 2 Hidraulik Bendung ................................................................... 14
3.2.1 Menghitung elevasi mercu bendung ............................................... 14
3.3 Tahap 3 Lebar Bruto Dan Lebar Efektif Bendung ................................. 15
3.3.1 Tinggi pengempangan (P) ............................................................... 15
3.3.2 Lebar efektif bendung ..................................................................... 15
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3.3.3 Rencana pintu pembilas .................................................................. 15
3.3.4 Lebar pembilas ................................................................................ 15
3.3.5 Lebar efektif mercu bendung .......................................................... 16
3.4 Tahap 4 Hitungan Hi, Beff Dan Lengkung Debit Setelah Ada Mercu .. 17
3.4.1 Menghitung Hi ................................................................................ 17
3.4.2 Mencari B Efektif ............................................................................ 18
3.4.3 Menghitung Hd ............................................................................... 19
3.5 Tahap 5 Elevasi Tembok Pangkal Udik Dan Hilir Bendung ................. 20
3.5.1 Elevasi Muka Air di Udik Bendung ................................................ 20
3.5.2 Elevasi Garis Energi ........................................................................ 20
3.5.3 Elevasi Tembok Pangkal di Udik Bendung .................................... 20
3.5.4 Elevasi garis energi di udik bendung .............................................. 20
3.5.5 Elevasi muka air di hilir bendung ................................................... 21
3.5.6 Elevasi Tembok Pangkal di Hilir .................................................... 21
3.6 Tahap 6 Perencanaan Detail Mercu Bendung ........................................ 22
3.6.1 titik Upstream .................................................................................. 22
3.6.2 Titik Downstream............................................................................ 22
3.7 Tahap 7 Kolam Olak Dan Peredam Energi ........................................... 24
3.7.1 Menghitung Peredam Energi Tipe Vlugter ..................................... 24
3.8 Tahap 8 Pintu Pengambil ....................................................................... 25
3.8.1 Pintu Pengambil .............................................................................. 25
3.9 Tahap 9 Pintu Pembilas .......................................................................... 27
3.9.1 Pintu Pembilas Bawah (Under Slice) .............................................. 27
3.9.2 Kontrol kecepatan pembilas ............................................................ 28
3.9.3 Jika pintu dibuka setinggi pembilas bawah (under slice) ............... 28
3.9.4 Jika pintu dibuka setengah pembilas bawah (under slice) .............. 28
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3.10 Tahap 10 Kantong Lumpur ................................................................. 30
3.10.1 Waktu pembilasan ........................................................................... 30
3.10.2 Volume kantong lumpur ................................................................. 30
3.10.3 Luas daerah pengendapan ............................................................... 31
3.10.4 Penentuan In (eksploitasi normal, kantong lumpur hampir penuh) . 31
3.10.5 Penentuan Is (pembilasan, kantong lumpur kosong) ....................... 32
3.11 Tahap 11 Perencanaan Lantai Muka Dan Pondasi Bangunan ............ 33
3.11.1 Perencanaan Lantai Muka Bendung ............................................... 33
3.12 Tahap 12 Stabilitas Bendung .............................................................. 38
3.12.1 Akibat Beban Sendiri ...................................................................... 38
3.12.2 Akibat Gempa ................................................................................. 38
3.12.3 Akibat Tekanan Lumpur ................................................................. 38
3.12.4 Akibat Tekanan Tanah .................................................................... 39
3.12.5 Akibat Gaya Hidrostatis .................................................................. 40
3.12.6 Akibat Uplift Pressure ..................................................................... 41
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1. CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Dams are buildings that are designed for the river stem so that the river
water reservoir is obtained. On making dams must be designed with high safety
standards . So this dam is safe against runoff (in floods plan), piping and
earthquake loads that occur. Dam to dam can be caused by overtopping or piping.
Overtopping, is collapse of the dam due to overflow of water through the top of
the dam because the large inflow discharge exceeds the capacity of water in
capacity. Dam to dam can be caused by overtopping or piping. Overtopping, is
collapse of the dam due to overflow of water through the top of the dam because
the large inflow discharge exceeds the capacity of water in capacity . Dam
collapse can also be caused by the flow of water through the holes in dam body
foundation which is often called piping, in the process . Seepage water will slowly
bring material to the body's stability dam. In addition to seepage that occurs due to
overtopping or piping, the incidence of rain that is quite high in the upstream part
of the dam can also becausing additional volume on the dam that trigger scollapse
of dams that have conditions that are not stable.
1.2 Formulation Of the Problem

Based on the background described previously, then the formulation of the
problem obtained is how how the stages of designing a dam are safe from
collapse ?
1.3 Purpose
The purpose of this task is to learn how to and planning and design dam ,
draw cross-sections and lengthen the dam .
1.4 Benefits
Provide an overview or knowledge of how to plan a building complement
to the dam.
Yori Raymizard 22-2016-050 Page 1

2. CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Theoritical basis

Dam is a transverse river building that functions to raise the river's water
level so that it can be tapped. Dam is one of the main building parts. The main
building is a hydraulic structure consisting of parts: weir structure, diversion
structure, taking building (intake structure), flushing structure, and mud bag
building (sediment trapstructure). The main function of the dam is to elevate the
elevation of the water from the dammed river so that water can be tapped and
flowed into the channel through intake structures, and to control flow, sediment
transport and river geometry so that water can be used safely, efficiently, and
optimal, (Mawardi & Memet, 2010).
2.2 The classification Dam is follows:
1. Dam based on its function:
a. Tapping dam, used as river tapper for various purposes such as for
irrigation, raw water and so on.
b. The flood dividing dam, built in the river branch to regulate the river
water level, so that there is a separation between the flood discharge
and the discharge low according to this capacity.
c. Tide retaining dams, built in parts of the river that are affected by tides,
are among others to prevent the entry of salt water.
2. Weir based on the type of structure:
a. Fixed weir, fixed dam is a type of high weir the dam cannot be
changed, so that the water level in the upstream of the dam cannot be
adjusted as desired. At fixed dam the water level in the dam changes
according to the flow of the river that is overflowing (the water level
cannot be adjusted up or down). Fixed dam are usually built in the
upper reaches of the river. In the upper reaches of the river, most river
cliffs are relatively steeper than in the downstream area.
b. Dam motion, dam motion is a type of weir that is high the dam can be
changed as desired. On the motion dam the water level elevation in the
weir can be controlled up or down as desired by opening or closing the

floodgates. Motion weir is usually built downstream of a river or

estuary.
c. Based on its nature:
Permanent weirs, such as masonry, concrete, and combination of concrete
and stone pairs; Semi-permanent weir, like a bronchial dam; Emergency
dams, which are made by rural communities such as rock piles and so on.
(Mawardi and Memet 2010)
2.3 Discharge Rating Curve
Curve that describes the relationship between water level and discharge.
Made based on debit measurement data from various water levels, which include
low to high water level conditions. The number and distribution of discharge
measurement data that can describe the relationship between water level and
discharge from the lowest to the highest water level must be sufficient to represent
the actual situation in the field. Discharge measurement, for practical purposes, is
only carried out regularly, at least once every month. Observation of water level
can be carried out continuously by using an automatic or regular water apparatus
by reading ordinary water level (board water predictor) .
Cross-sectional area (A)
𝐴 = (𝐵 + 𝑚ℎ)ℎ
Wet Roving (P)
𝑃 = 𝐵 + 2ℎ (𝑚2 + 1)𝑜,5
Hydraulic Radius (R)
𝐴
𝑅=
𝑃
2.4 Dam Hydraulics

a. Effective dam width (Be)
The effective width of the dam is the width of the dam which is useful for
passing debits. To determine the effective width of the dam , it is known

about the exploitation of weirs, because the drainage of water above the
door is more difficult than the irrigation of water above the dam, so the
ability to rinse doors for drainage is only 80%.
𝐵𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝐵𝑛 − 2(𝑛𝐾𝑝 + 𝐾𝑎)𝐻𝑖
Explanation :
n = number of pillars
Kp = coefficient of contraction pillar
Ka = coefficient of contraction
Hi = height of energy (m)
Bn= the actually width of mercu
Beff = effective dam width
Table. Coefisien for Ka and Kp
a. Round Dam
For round beams we have a much higher discharge coefficient (44%)
than a wide threshold coefficient. This type has many advantages
because it will reduce upstream water level during floods. Price of the
debit coefficient become higher because of the arc stream line and
negative pressure on the mercu. For dam with 2 downstream radii, it
will be used to find the price of the discharge coefficient.

Padma (2013 [5]) states that weir height (P) can be calculated by the
formula:
𝑃 = 𝑑𝑎𝑚 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑖 𝑑𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑖 𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑘 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑛𝑔
The high energy above the mercu can be calculated by the high energy
discharge equation
2 3
𝑄 = 𝐶𝑑 × 2⁄3 √ × 𝑔 × 𝐵𝑒𝑓𝑓 × 𝐻 2
3
Information :
Q = debit, m3/dt
Cd = debit coefficient ( Cd = CoC1C2 )
H1 = high energy above the mercu (m)
Co = H1/r (r = mercu radius)
C1 = p/H1 (P = height of mercu)
C2 = p/H1 upstream slope
Chart Value for C1

Chart Value for C2
If design using Ogee shape then value of C0 is 1,39.

2.5 Olak Pool

The olak pool consists of several types, one of which is the type of
vlughter. The shape of the olak space will be influenced by the upstream water
level above the lighthouse and the difference in upstream and downstream water
levels. Olak vlughter pool is used on rivers that do not carry large stones. In the
floor of the treated room from the top of the mercu it is no deeper than 8 m or the
difference in water level in upstream and downstream is not more than 4 m.
Formula :
q2
hc = √
g
If 0,5 < Z/hc ≤ 2,0 then = 2,4.hc + 0,4.Z
If 2,0 < Z/hc ≤ 15,0 then t = 3,0.hc + 0,1.Z
ℎ𝑐
𝑎 = 0,28ℎ𝑐 × √
𝑧
Explanation :
hc = critical water depth (m)
q = Debit / unit width (m3/dt)
g = (9,8 m/dt2)
Z = (elevasi dasar sungai udik + P + H) - ((elevasi dasar sungai hilir -

degradasi)+hb))
2.6 Intake Dam

The taking building functions to deflect the flow of water from the river in
the desired amount for irrigation needs. The elevation of the intake floor is taken
at least one meter above the upstream floor of the dam because the river transports
sand and gravel (Nugroho and Indra, 2006 [4]). The formula determines the plan
debit using the formula:

𝑄𝑛 = 𝜇 × 𝑎 × 𝑏√2 × 𝑔 × 𝑧
Explanation:
Qn = Debit plan (m / dt)
Q = Need for water in the fields (m / s)
μ = discharge coefficient
a = Height of openings (m)
b = Width of opening (m)
g = Gravitational force (m / dt2)
z = Loss of high energy when openings are between 0.15 - 0.3 m
2.7 Lantai Muka

The empirical method used in determining face floor length is the Lane or
Blight methode
If using Lane : LT = LV + 1/3 LH
If using Blight : LT = LV + LH
Explanation :
LT = total length (m)
LV = Vertical length of field contact (m)
LH = Horizontal length of field contact (m)

2.8 Dam Stability

Dam stability is taken into account, namely:
a. Stability to the carrying capacity of the soil

This carrying capacity calculation is used the terzaghi carrying capacity
theory formula :
𝐵 ∑ 𝑀𝑇 − ∑ 𝑀𝐺 𝐵
𝐸𝑘𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 (𝑒) = ( ) − ( )<
2 𝑅𝑉 6
Explanation :
𝑅𝑉 6𝑒
𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 (𝜎) = (1 + ) < 𝜎𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛
e = Eccentricity 𝐵𝑒 𝐵𝑒
B = Basic width
MT = Moment of detention
MG = Bolster moment
RV = Vertical style
σ = Land tension
b. Stability for rolling

The formula used is:
∑ 𝑀𝑇
𝑆𝐹 = ≥ 1,5
∑ 𝑀𝐺
Explanation :
SF = safety factor
MT = The amount of total resistance moment
MG = The amount of total bolster moment

c. Stability to shear
The formula for calculating shear stability is :
Explanation : ∑𝑉
𝑆𝐹 = ≥ 1,2
∑𝐻
SF = safety factor
∑ V= Vertical force (KN)
∑ 𝐻= Horizontal force (KN)

3. CHAPTER 3 CALCULATION
3.1 Tahap 1 Lengkung Debit

Diketahui
1. Bentuk penampang sungai : trapezium
2. Lebar dasar sungai rata-rata : 52 meter
3. Kemiringan sungai : 0,0042
4. Koefisieen kekasaran chezy : 58
5. Q 100 tahun : 370 𝑚3 /𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑘
Perhitungan
Asumsi y : 0,5 meter
Mencari luas trapezium
A = (𝑏 + 𝑚 × 𝑦) × 𝑦
= ( 52+1×0,5)×0,5
= 26,25 𝑚2
Mencari keliling trapezium
P = b+2y √1 + 𝑚2
= 52 + 1 × 0,5√1 + 12
= 53,41 m
Mencari jari-jari hidrolis
𝐴
R =𝑃
26,25
= 53,41
= 0,491 m

3.1.1 Mencari kecepatan (chezy)

V = 𝐶√𝑅 × 𝐼
= 58√0,491 × 0,0042
= 2,633 m/s
3.1.2 Mencari debit

Q =𝐴×𝑉
= 26,25 × 2,633 𝑚/𝑠 2
Mencari lebar banjir dengan Q= 370 𝑚3 /𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑘
(Q = × 𝑉 ) = (𝐶√𝑅 × 𝐼 ) × (𝑏 + 𝑚 × 𝑦) × 𝑦
(𝐶𝐵+𝑚×𝑦)×𝑦
370 = √ × 0,0042 × (52 + 1 × 𝑦) × 𝑦
𝑏+2𝑦√1+𝑚2
(52+𝑦×𝑦 2 )
370 = √(52+ 2,828𝑦) × 0,0042 × (52𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
yb = 1,526 m
b h A P R v Q
52 0.000 0.000 52.00 0.000 0.00 0.000
52 0.500 26.250 53.41 0.491 2.64 69.17
52 0.700 36.890 53.98 0.683 3.11 114.630
52 0.900 47.610 54.55 0.873 3.51 167.194
52 1.000 53.000 54.83 0.967 3.70 195.868
52 1.100 58.410 55.11 1.060 3.87 226.029
52 1.200 63.840 55.39 1.152 4.04 257.608
52 1.300 69.290 55.68 1.245 4.19 290.550
52 1.400 74.760 55.96 1.336 4.34 324.802
52 1.500 80.250 56.24 1.427 4.49 360.319
52 1.529 81.846 56.32 1.453 4.53 370.850
Tabel perhitungan debit Q 100 tahun

Grafik lengkung debit

3.2 Tahap 2 Hidraulik Bendung
3.2.1 Menghitung elevasi mercu bendung

 Elevasi muka air pada Bangunan Bagi I = 65.00 m
 Jarak Bangunan Bagi I ke lokasi bendung = 238 × 0,00045
= 2,511 m
 Kehilangan energi pada alat ukur debit = 0,45 m
 Kehilangan energi akibat bangunan bilas = 0,4 m
 Kehilangan energi pada bangunan pengambil = 0,3 m
 Faktor keamanan = 0,1 m +
66.36 m
Maka elevasi mercu bendung adalah: 66.36 m.

3.3 Tahap 3 Lebar Bruto Dan Lebar Efektif Bendung
3.3.1 Tinggi pengempangan (P)

P = Elevasi mercu bendung – Elevasi dasar sungai di udik bending
= 66.36 – 62 = 4.36 m
3.3.2 Lebar efektif bendung

Bn +( hn × m) + (hn × m) (karena saluran trapesium)
Bn = 53.53 m
Syarat: Bn< Bb<1,2 Bn
53.53 < Bb < 64.23
diambil Bb = 55 m
3.3.3 Rencana pintu pembilas

Lebar rencana pembilas
1 1
𝐵𝑏 < 𝑏 < 𝐵𝑏
10 6
5.5< b < 9.17 diambil b = 7,5 m
Dipakai 3 pintu pembilas dengan lebar 1,5 m
3.3.4 Lebar pembilas

Syarat: 0,8 sampai dengan 1,2
Diambil 3 buah pilar dengan lebar (b) 1 m
Gambar Sketsa pintu pembilas

3.3.5 Lebar efektif mercu bendung

B efektif = 𝐵 − 2(𝑛 ∙ 𝐾𝑝 + 𝐾𝑎)𝐻𝑖
1 Kondisi Pilar Kp
Untuk pilar berujung segi empat dengan sudut-sudut yang
a dibulatkan pada jari-jari yang hampir sama dengan 0,1 dari 0,02
tabel pilar
b Untuk pilar berujung bulat 0,01
c Untuk pilar berujung runcing 0
2 kondisi tembok pangkal bending Ka
Untuk tembok pangkal segi empat dengan tembok udik 900
a ke arah aliran 0,20
Untuk tembok pangkal bulat dengan bagian udik pada 900

b 0,10
ke arah aliran dengan 0,5 H > r > 0,15 H
untuk tembok pangkal bulat dimana r 0,5 H dan tembok

c 0
udik tidak lebih dari 450 ke arah aliran
Tabel Koefisien Ka dan Kp
 Koefisien konstruksi pilar berujung bulat (Kp) = 0
 Koefisien konstruksi tembok pangkal (Ka) = 0,2
 Jumlah pintu (n) = 3 buah
b =1m
B = Lebar mercu sebenarnya (Bb – n.b)
= 55 – 3.1 = 52 m
B eff = 52 − 2(3 × 0 + 0,2)𝐻𝑖
= 52 – 0,40 Hi

3.4 Tahap 4 Hitungan Hi, Beff Dan Lengkung Debit Setelah Ada Mercu
3.4.1 Menghitung Hi
3
2 2
Q = 𝐶𝑑 ∙ 3 × √3 𝑔 × 𝐵𝑒𝑓𝑓 × 𝐻𝑖 2
Q = Debit (m3/detik)
Cd = Koefisien debit (Co.C1.C2)
Cd = 1.9 - 2.1 (ogee)
Cd =2
Jika Ogee maka gunakan Co = 1.39
𝑃 4,36
𝐶1 → = = 2.64470 → 𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑘 (𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑟 6)
𝐻𝑖 1.647
𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑒ℎ 𝐶1 = 1
C2 = 1, karena hulu bendung tegak.
G = Gravitasi (9,81 m/s)
Hi = Tinggi energi di atas mercu (m)
2 2
Q = 2 ∙ 3 × √3 9,81 × (52 – 0,40 𝐻𝑖 1,5 × 𝐻𝑖 2,5
2 2
370 = 2 ∙ 3 × √3 9,81 × (52 – 0,40 𝐻𝑖 1,5 × 𝐻𝑖 2,5 )
370 = 2 ∙ 1,704 × (52 – 0,40 𝐻𝑖 1,5 × 𝐻𝑖 2,5)

Diperoleh Hi = 1.647 m
Cek Q=Q
No Cd awal H Q H/R P/H Co (tabel) C1 (tabel) C2 Cd akhir Cek
100 th
1 2 1.647 370 Sama 2.64470 1.39 1 1 1.39 tidak sesuai
Tidak
2 1.39 2.104 370 Sama 2.070853 1.39 0.99 1 1.3761 tidak sesuai
ada
3 1.3761 2.118 370 Sama 2.056871 1.39 0.99 1 1.3761 asumsi benar
Tabel Perhitungan Cd

Gambar Grafik mencari Co
Gambar Grafik mencari C1
3.4.2 Mencari B Efektif

3
2 2
Q = 3 × √3 9,81 × (52 – 0,40 Hi) × 𝐻𝑖 2
3
2 2
370 = 1.3761 ∙ 3 × √3 9,81 × (52 – 0,40 Hi) × 𝐻𝑖 2
3
370 = 1.3483 ∙ 1,704 × (52 – 0,40 Hi) × 𝐻𝑖 2
Diperoleh Hi yang digunakan pada perhitungan tinggi muka air banjir setelah ada
bending adalah = 2,1183 m
Maka B efektif : 52 – 0,40 × 2.1183 = 51,153 𝑚

Hi (m) Cd g (m/det) Beff (m) Q (m3/det)

0 1.3761 9.81 52 0.000
0.25 1.3761 9.81 52 15.213
0.5 1.3761 9.81 52 42.945
0.75 1.3761 9.81 52 78.742
1 1.3761 9.81 52 120.997
1.25 1.3761 9.81 52 168.771
1.5 1.3761 9.81 52 221.425
2 1.3761 9.81 52 339.579
2.118 1.3761 9.81 52 370
2.25 1.3761 9.81 52 404
2.5 1.3761 9.81 52 472.723
Tabel Perhitungan tinggi muka air banjir setelah ada bending
Gambar Lengkung Debit
3.4.3 Menghitung Hd
Kesimpulan: Setelah ada bendung didapat debit Q = 370 m3/detik dengan tinggi
muka air 2,1183 m yang sesuai dengan debit banjir rencana yaitu Q100 = 370
m3/detik.
Mencari Hd (tinggi energi rencana di atas mercu)
𝑄100 2
𝐻𝑖 = ℎ𝑑 +
((ℎ𝑑 + 𝑝) × 𝐵𝑒𝑓𝑓)2 × 2 × 𝑔
3702
2,1183 = ℎ𝑑 +
((ℎ𝑑 + 4,36) × 51,153)2 × 2 × 9.81
hd = 2,053 m
hd < hi 2,053 < 2,1183….ok

3.5 Tahap 5 Elevasi Tembok Pangkal Udik Dan Hilir Bendung
3.5.1 Elevasi Muka Air di Udik Bendung

Elevasi Mercu + hd = 66.36 + 2,053 = 68,413
Pengaruh Tinggi Pengempangan di Udik Bendung
𝑄 𝑄
𝑉= =
𝐴 (ℎ𝑑 + 𝑃) × 𝐵𝑒𝑓𝑓
370
𝑉= = 1,1279 𝑚⁄𝑑𝑒𝑡
(2,0535 + 4,36) × 51,153
𝑉2 1,12792
ℎ = ℎ𝑑 + = 2,053 + = 2,1179 𝑚
2𝑔 2 × 9,81
3.5.2 Elevasi Garis Energi

Elevasi muka air di udik bendung + V2/2g = 68,413+ 0,0648 = 68,4778
3.5.3 Elevasi Tembok Pangkal di Udik Bendung

Elevasi muka air di udik bendung + 1 = 68,413 + 1 = 69,8633
Pengaruh tinggi penampang di udik bendung
2∆ℎ
L = 𝐼
∆h = P + h – Hb = 4,36+ 2,1183 – 1,53 = 4,948 m

I = kemiringan dasar sungai = 0,0042
L = Panjang pengaruh pengempangan ke arah udik dari bendung
2×(𝑃 + ℎ – 𝐻𝑏)
L =
𝐼
2×4,948
= = 2357 m
0.0042
3.5.4 Elevasi garis energi di udik bendung

hGEU = Elevasi mercu + H1
hGEU= 66.36 + 2,1183 = 68,478 m

3.5.5 Elevasi muka air di hilir bendung

Degradasi : 1 m ~ 2 m
Asumsi degradasi dasar sungai : 1 m
hMAH = Elevasi dasar sungai terdalam 300 m hilir bendung + Hb – Degradasi
hMAH = 59 + 1,53 – 1 = 59,53
3.5.6 Elevasi Tembok Pangkal di Hilir

Elevasi muka air di hilir bendung + 1 = 58,53 + 1 = 59,62

3.6 Tahap 6 Perencanaan Detail Mercu Bendung

Jenis Mercu : Ogee
3.6.1 titik Upstream

Hi = 2,118 m
Hd = 2,053 m
R1 = 0,5 Hd = 1,0265 m
R1 = 0,2 Hd = 0,4106 m
D1 = 0,175Hd = 0,3593 m
D2 = 0,282 Hd = 0,5789 m
3.6.2 Titik Downstream

Tegak k =2, n =1,85
Xn = K x Hd (n – 1) x Y
Y = x 1.85 = 2 x 2,053 (1.85-1) x Y
𝑥 1.85
Y= 2 (2,035)0.85
𝑑𝑦 1.85 𝑥 0.85
= 1; = 1, 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑎 𝑥 = 2,250 𝑚
𝑑𝑥 3,6585
2,2501.85
𝑦= = 1,217 𝑚
2 (2,053 )0.85
x (m) y (m) x (m) y (m)

0 0.00 1.5 0.574392
0.1 0.00 2 0.978014
0.2 0.0138 2.1 1.070398
0.3 0.03 2.2 1.166598
0.4 0.05 2.24 1.206141
0.5 0.08 2.245 1.211127
0.6 0.11 2.25 1.216122
0.7 0.14
0.8 0.18
0.9 0.22
1 0.27
1.1 0.32
1.2 0.38
1.3 0.44
1.4 0.51
1.5 0.57
1.6 0.65
Tabel Perhitungan xmaks dan ymaks

Gambar penampang memanjang mercu ogee
Grafik mercu ogee

3.7 Tahap 7 Kolam Olak Dan Peredam Energi
3.7.1 Menghitung Peredam Energi Tipe Vlugter

Data :
Q100 = 370 m3/s
Elevasi dasar sungai udik = 62 m
Elevasi dasar sungai dihilir bendung = 59 m
Beff = 51,153 m
Z = (Elevasi dasar sungai udik + P +Hi) – (Elevasi dasar sungai hilir – z + Hb)
= (62 + 4.36 +2,118) – (59 - 2 + 1,529)
= 9,949 m
H = Hi = 2,118 m
𝑍 9,949
= = 4,6973 𝑚
𝐻 2,118
Syarat :
4
< 4,6973 < 10 (terpenuhi)
3
𝐻
a = 0,15 H √ 𝑍 = 0,1465
D = L = R = (1,1×9,949) + (2,118) = 13, 0619 m

𝑄 370
q=𝐴= (2,0535+4,36)×51,153
= 1,125 𝑚2 /𝑠
2 2
hc = 3 𝐻𝑖 = 3 × 2,118 = 1,412 𝑚
𝑧
2< < 15 didapat t = 3 hc + 0,1 z
ℎ𝑐
2< 7,0785 < 15 didapat t = 4,943

3.8 Tahap 8 Pintu Pengambil
3.8.1 Pintu Pengambil

Kapasitas pengambil adalah 1,2 dari debit kebutuhan intake (pengambil), maka:
Qi = 12 m3/s
Qs= 1,2×124 = 14,4 m3/s
Untuk mengetahui lebar dan tinggi bukaan, bisa menggunakan rumus debit
pengambilan melalui aliran bawah :
𝑄 = 𝜇. 𝑏. 𝑎. √2𝑔𝑧
14,4 = 0,9 × 𝑏. 𝑎 × √2 × 9,81 × 0,2
0,9 × √2×9,81×0,2
14,4
𝑏. 𝑎 = 8,077 𝑚2
d : 0,15 – 0,25 m Diambil d = 0,15 m
p : 0,5 – 1,5 m Diambil p = 0,5 m
z : 0,15 – 0,3 m Diambil z = 0,15 m
μ : 0,8 – 0,9 m Diambil μ = 0,8 m
t : 0,1 m Diambil t = 0,1 m
Gambar kondisi hidraulik pintu pengambilan (ai) aliran bebas (b) aliran tenggelam

Menggunakan tipe a kondisi hidraulik aliran bebas

Elevasi MAN = Elevasi Mercu – Faktor Keamaan
= 66,36 – 0,1
= 66,26 m
Elevasi ambang = EI.D.S.udik bending + 1
= 62 + 1
= 63 m
Sehingga mendapatkan tinggi bukaan tipe aliran bebas (tidak tenggelam) :
𝑎 = (𝑀𝐴𝑁 − 𝑧 − 𝑡) − 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑖 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑔
= (66,26 − 0,3 + 0,1) − (63 + 0,5) = 2,71 m
𝑏. 𝑎 = 8,077 𝑚2
8,077 = 𝑏. 2,56
maka b = 3,155 m

3.9 Tahap 9 Pintu Pembilas

Perencanaan ini akan menggunakan pintu tipe pembilas under slice
3.9.1 Pintu Pembilas Bawah (Under Slice)

Lebar pembilas telah dibahas dengan syarat :
1 1 1 1
𝐵𝑏~ 6 𝐵𝑏 (55)~ 6 (55)
10 10
 5,5~9,17 (dalam meter)

Diambil = 6,5 meter
- Direncanakan pintu pilar = 3 buah
 Syarat lebar max 2,5 m (diambil lebar = 1,5 meter)
- Jumlah pilar(n) = 2
 Syarat Lebar pilar 0,8 – 1,2 m (diambil lebar = 1 meter)
Sehingga sketsa gambarnya seperti dibawah ini :
Gambar pintu intake

3.9.2 Kontrol kecepatan pembilas

Kecepatan untuk mengangkat sedimen
Dimana :
d = diameter sedimen = 0,05 m
c = koefisien sedimen = 3,2 ~ 5,5 = diambil 3,5
vc = 1,5Cb√𝑑 = (1,5)(3,5)(√0,05) = 1,174 m/s
3.9.3 Jika pintu dibuka setinggi pembilas bawah (under slice)

Tinggi bukaan (y) = 0,3 ~ 1,5 = diambil 1,5
µ = 0,80 (jika dibuka penuh)
P = tinggi pengempangan = 4,36 m
𝑦 1,5
Q = µ.b. (𝑦). √2. g (P − ( 2) = (0,80) (1,5×3)( 1,5)√(2)(9,81) (4,36 − ( 2 )
= 45,635 m3/s
Direncanakan 3 pintu
A = b*y = (3)(1,5)(1,5) = 6,75 m2
𝑄 45,635
v=𝐴= = 6,760 m2/dt
6,75
v > vc → 6,760 > 1,174 (ok, endapan/sedimen dapat dibilas)
3.9.4 Jika pintu dibuka setengah pembilas bawah (under slice)

y = 1,5
µ = 0,65 (jika dibuka setengah)
p = 4,36 m
𝑦
Q = µ.b. (𝑦). √2. g (P − ( 2)
1,5
= (0,65)(3)(1,5)(1,5) √(2)(9,81) (4,36 − ( 2 ))
= 36,924 m3/s

Direncanakan 3 pintu
A = b*y =3× (1,5) × (1,5) = 6,75 m2
𝑄 36,924
v=𝐴= = m2/s
6,75
v > vc → 5,470 > 1,174 (ok, endapan/sedimen dapat dibilas)

3.10 Tahap 10 Kantong Lumpur
3.10.1 Waktu pembilasan

T = 6 hari
= 6 x 24 x 3600
= 518400 detik
3.10.2 Volume kantong lumpur

V = 0,001 x Qi x T = (0,001)(12)(518400) = 6221 m3
Luas rata-rata kantong lumpur
Qn = Qi = 12 m3/s
𝑄𝑛
LxB= 𝑤
w didapat dari grafik (hal. 104 Bahan AjarBangunan Air, lampiran)

d0 = 0,02 – 10,00 = (diambil 0,07)
t = 200 (suhu air sungai ) untuk t = 300 Red adalah 0,01

w = 0,01 × 5 = 0,005 m/s

3.10.3 Luas daerah pengendapan

𝑄 𝑑𝑒𝑠 12𝑚3 𝑠
1. L.B = =
𝑤 0,005
Luas = 2400 m2
2. L/B ≥ 8
3. Trial coba – coba
Ambil L = 200 m dan B 12 m

L × 𝐵 = 200 × 12
= 2400 m2 ( syarat terpenuhi karena luas untuk Q desain adalah
2400 m2 )
𝐿 200
=
𝐵 12
= 16,667 ( syarat terpenuhi karena L/B ≥ 8 )
Jadi dengan L = 200 m dan B = 12 m maka syarat terpenuhi
3.10.4 Penentuan In (eksploitasi normal, kantong lumpur hampir penuh)

vn = 0,4 m2/s ( untuk mencegah vegetasi dan partikel-partikel yang lebih besar
tidak langsung menghadap hilir intake)
Ks = koefisein kekasaran = 58 m1/3 /s
𝑄 12
An = 𝑣𝑛 = 0,4 = 30 m2
𝑛
𝐴𝑛 30
hn = = 12 = 2,5 m
𝐵
Pn = B + 2√2ℎ𝑛 = (12) + (2) √(2)(2,5) = 16,473 m

𝐴 30
Rn = 𝑃𝑛 = 16,473 = 1,822 m
𝑛
𝑣𝑛 2 0,42
In = 2 = 2 = 2,138 x 10-5
(𝑅𝑛 3 𝑥 𝐾𝑠 )2 (1,8223 𝑥 58)2

3.10.5 Penentuan Is (pembilasan, kantong lumpur kosong)

Vs = 1,0 m/dt ( kecepatan pembilasan untuk pasir halus)
Ks = koefisein kekasaran = 33 m1/3 /s
Qs = 1,2Qn = (1,2)(15) = 14,4 m3/s
𝑄 14,4
As = 𝑣𝑠 = = 14,4 m2
𝑠 1,0
𝐴𝑠 14,4
hs= = = 1,2 m
𝐵 12
Ps = B + 2√2ℎ𝑠 = (12) + (2) √(2)(1,2 ) = 15,099 m

𝐴 14,4
Rs = 𝑃𝑠 = 15,099 = 0,954 m
𝑠
𝑣𝑠 2 1,02
Is = 2 = 2 = 3,1653 x 10-4
(𝑅𝑠 3 𝑥 𝐾𝑠 )2 (0,9543 𝑥 33,3)2

3.11 Tahap 11 Perencanaan Lantai Muka Dan Pondasi Bangunan
3.11.1 Perencanaan Lantai Muka Bendung

Diketahui :
Koefisien Bligh (Cb) = 6,5 El. Ambang Hilir = + 59 m
Koefisien Lane (Cl) = 5 El. Muka Air Udik = + 68,413 m
El. Mercu Bendung = +66 m El. Muka Air Hilir = + 59,53 m
1. Menghitung Muka Air Normal (∆Hn)

∆Hn = El. Mercu Bendung – El. Ambang Hilir
∆Hn = 66. – 59
∆Hn = 7 m
2. Menghitung Muka Air Banjir (∆Hb)

∆Hb = El. Muka Air Udik – El. Muka Air Hilir
∆Hb = 68,413 – 59
∆Hb = 8,883 m
∆Hb > ∆Hn, maka diambil nilai ∆H = ∆Hb = + 8,883 m
3. Metode Bligh
𝚺Lv + 𝚺Lh ≥ Cb × ∆H × 1,5
𝚺Lv + 𝚺Lh ≥ 7× 8,883 × 1,5
𝚺Lv + 𝚺Lh ≥ 93,27m
4. Metode Lane
𝐿ℎ
𝛴𝐿𝑣 + ≥ 𝐶𝑙 × ∆𝐻
3
𝐿ℎ
𝛴𝐿𝑣 + ≥ 4,5 × 8,883
3
𝐿ℎ
𝛴𝐿𝑣 + ≥ 39,97 𝑚
3

 Metode Bligh
𝚺Lv + 𝚺Lh ≤ Cb × ∆H × 1,5
18,5 + 23 ≤ 6,5 × 8,883 × 1,5
41,5 m ≤ 93,27 m
LAda ≤ LPerlu
Maka, perlu lantai muka sejauh 93,27 – 41,5 = 52 m
 Metode Lane
𝐿ℎ
𝛴𝐿𝑣 + ≤ 𝐶𝑙 × ∆𝐻
3
23
18,5 + ≤ 4,5 × 8,883
3
26,167 ≤ 39,97 𝑚
LAda ≤ LPerlu
Maka, perlu lantai muka sejauh 44,415 − 27,176 = 16,249 m
 Kesimpulan
Jadi, perlu ada lantai muka sepanjang 52 m

Segmen LV LH 1/3LH LV+LH LV+1/3+LH

A-B 1 0 0 1.0 1.00
B-C 0 1 0.333333 1.0 0.33
C-D 1 0 0 1.0 1.00
D-E 0 1 0.333333 1.0 0.33
E-F 2 0 0 2.0 2.00
F-G 0 1 0.333333 1.0 0.33
G-H 2 0 0 2.0 2.00
H-I 0 1 0.333333 1.0 0.33
I-J 2 0 0 2.0 2.00
J-K 0 1 0.333333 1.0 0.33
K-L 2 0 0 2.0 2.00
L-M 0 1 0.333333 1.0 0.33
M-N 2 0 0 2.0 2.00
N-O 0 1 0.333333 1.0 0.33
0-P 2 0 0 2.0 2.00
P-Q 0 5 1.666667 5.0 1.67
Q-R 1 0 0 1.0 1.00
R-S 0 10 3.333333 10.0 3.33
S-T 1 0 0 1.0 1.00
T-U 0 1 0.333333 1.0 0.33
U-V 2.5 0 0 2.5 2.50
Σ 18.5 23 7.666667 41.5 26.17
Grafik sebelum ada lantai udik

Segmen LV LH 1/3LH LV+LH LV+1/3+LH

A-B 1 0 0 1.0 1.00
B-C 0 1 0.333333 1.0 0.33
C-D 1 0 0 1.0 1.00
D-E 0 1 0.333333 1.0 0.33
E-F 2 0 0 2.0 2.00
F-G 0 1 0.333333 1.0 0.33
G-H 2 0 0 2.0 2.00
H-I 0 1 0.333333 1.0 0.33
I-J 2 0 0 2.0 2.00
J-K 0 1 0.333333 1.0 0.33
K-L 2 0 0 2.0 2.00
L-M 0 1 0.333333 1.0 0.33
M-N 2 0 0 2.0 2.00
N-O 0 1 0.333333 1.0 0.33
0-P 2 0 0 2.0 2.00
P-Q 0 5 1.666667 5.0 1.67
Q-R 1 0 0 1.0 1.00
R-S 0 10 3.333333 10.0 3.33
S-T 1 0 0 1.0 1.00
T-U 0 1 0.333333 1.0 0.33
U-V 2.5 0 0 2.5 2.50
V-W 5 0 0 5.0 5.00
W-X 0 2 0.67 2.0 0.67
X-Y 4 0 0.00 4.0 4.00
Y-Z 0 16.5 5.50 16.5 5.50
Z-AA 4 0 0.00 4.0 4.00
AA-AB 0 2 0.67 2.0 0.67
AB-AC 4 0 0.00 4.0 4.00
AC-AD 0 16.5 5.50 16.5 5.50
Σ 35.5 60 20.00 95.5 55.50
Grafik setelah ada lantai udik

 Metode Bligh
𝚺Lv + 𝚺Lh ≥ Cb × ∆H × 1,5
35,5 + 60 ≥ 7 × 8,883 × 1,5
95,5 m ≥ 93,27 m
LAda ≥ LPerlu …..0K
 Metode Lane
𝐿ℎ
𝛴𝐿𝑣 + ≥ 𝐶𝑙 × ∆𝐻
3
60
35,5 + ≥ 4,5 × 5,4242
3
55,5 𝑚 ≥ 39,97𝑚
LAda ≥ LPerlu…..OK

3.12 Tahap 12 Stabilitas Bendung

Perhitungan Stabilitas Bendung
Perhitungan stabilitas bendung, yaitu :
 perhitungan gaya-gaya yang bekerja dan kontrol stabilitas bendung.
 Gaya-gaya yang Bekerja
3.12.1 Akibat Beban Sendiri

Menghitung gaya akibat berat sendiri dari konstruksi bendung,
peninjauan dilakukan pada setiap satu meter, sehingga gaya yang
diperhitungkan adalah luas bidang dikalikan dengan berat jenis pasangan
beton (2,4 t/m3).
Berat jenis Lengan Momen
Gaya Luas (m2) 3
Besar Gaya (t)
(t/m ) momen terhadap L
A1 83.9665 2.4 201.5196 14.69 2960.32
Tabel Gaya akibat vertikal beban sendiri
3.12.2 Akibat Gempa

Gaya gempa yang diperhitungkan terjadi terhadap konstruksi
bendung adalah gaya horisontal, dengan menggunakan rumus :
K = E x Ng
Dimana : K = gaya gempa, Ton
E = koefisien gempa = 1,10
Ng = Berat Sendiri
Lengan
Momen
Luas besar momen
Gaya K K x Besar Gaya terhadap L
(m2) gaya (t) terhadap
(ton.m)
sb. X (m)
A1 67.1214 161.0914 1.15 185.255064 6.01 1113.38
Tabel Gaya horizontal akibat Gempa
3.12.3 Akibat Tekanan Lumpur

Endapan lumpur dianggap setinggi mercu bendung dengan sudut geser
dalam diambil () = 28o dan berat jenis lumpur (lumpur) = 1,70 t/m3 dan.
Perhitungan menggunakan rumus berikut ini.
  1
Ka  tg 2  45 o   Ps   s .h 2 .K a
 2 2

Dimana : Ps = gaya akibat tekanan lumpur, Ton

s = 1,70 – 1,00 = 1,70 t/m3
h = kedalaman lumpur, (2,3232 m)
 = sudut geser dalam lumpur
Ka = koefisien tekanan tanah aktif
∅ 28
Perhitungan : - 𝐾𝑎 = 𝑡𝑔2 (45° − 2) = 𝑡𝑔2 (45° − ) = 0,361
2
1 1
- 𝑃𝑠 = 2 𝛾𝑠 . ℎ2 . 𝐾𝑎 . 1 = . 0,70. 1,492 . 0,361.1 = 0,6813 𝑡
2
besar gaya (t) Lengan Momen (m) Momen Terahadap titik L ™

Gaya Luas (m2)
Horizontal Vertikal x y x y
A1 9.6141 0.6813 0 0 4.36 0 2.970468
Tabel Gaya akibat tekanan lumpur
3.12.4 Akibat Tekanan Tanah

Perhitungan menggunakan rumus berikut ini.
 
Ka  tg 2  45 o  
 2
 
Kp  tg 2  45 o  
 2
1
Pa   .h 2 .K a
2
1
Pp   .h 2 .K p
2
Dimana : Pa = gaya akibat tekanan tanah aktif (Ton)
Pp = gaya akibat tekanan tanah pasif (Ton)
t = berat jenis tanah (1,70 t/m3)
h = kedalaman tanah, m
 = sudut geser dalam (28o)
Ka = koefisien tekanan tanah aktif
Kp = koefisien tekanan tanah pasif
Perhitungan :

1 1
- 𝑃𝑎 = 2 𝛾. ℎ2 . 𝐾𝑎 = . 0,60. 102 . 0,361 = 30,625 𝑡
2
1 1
- 𝑃𝑝 = 2 𝛾. ℎ2 . 𝐾𝑝 = . 0,70. 12 . 2,768 = 2,35 𝑡
2
Momen
Besar Gaya (t) Lengan Momen (m)
Tekanan Terahadap
Horizontal Vertikal X Y titik L (tm)
Pa 30.625 0 0 3.300 101
Pp 2.35 0 0 1 0,264
∑ 32.975 0 0 4.300 101
Tabel Gaya akibat tekanan tanah
3.12.5 Akibat Gaya Hidrostatis

Perhitungan akibat gaya hidrostatis ditinjau terhadap waktu air normal dan
air banjir, dengan menggunakan rumus berikut :
1
PH   w .h 2
2
Dimana : PH = gaya akibat tekanan hidrostatis, Ton
h = tinggi air, m
γw = berat jenis air (1 ton/m3)
1. Pada Waktu Muka Air Normal (MAN)
Perhitungan Gaya dan Momen Akibat Gaya Hidrostatis Muka Air Normal
H = 2,3132 m
1
𝑃𝐻 = × 12 × 4,472 = 2,235 𝑡𝑜𝑛 (Besarnya gaya)
2
Momen terhadap Z = Besar Gaya × Lengan Momen

= 2,235 × 12,47
= 27,870 tm (→)
2. Pada Waktu Muka Air Banjir (MAB)

Tabel Perhitungan Gaya dan Momen Akibat Gaya Hidrostatis Muka Air Banjir
Besar Gaya (ton) Lengan Momen (m) Momen terhadap Z
Gaya Luas (m2) gamma w
horizontal vertikal X Y X Y
V1 21.7567 1 21.7567 13.17 286.535739
V2 3.3773 1 3.3773 21.17 71.497441
V3 57.9766 1 57.9766 6.73 390.182518
∑ 83.1106 61.3539 27.9 13.17 461.679959 286.535739
Tabel 10.5Gaya akibat tekanan MAB
3.12.6 Akibat Uplift Pressure

Perhitungan akibat gaya hidrostatis ditinjau terhadap waktu air normal dan
air banjir, dengan menggunakan rumus berikut :
 Lx H 
Ux  H x   w
 Ltot 
Dimana : Ux = gaya angkat pada x, (t/m2)
Ltot = panjang total bidang kontak bangunan dan tanah bawah,
m
Lx = jarak sepanjang bidang kontak dari hulu sampai x, m
Hx = tinggi energi dihulu bendung, m
∆H = beda tinggi energi, m
γw = berat jenis air, 1 t/m3

1. Uplift Pressure Vertikal (Pada Waktu Air Normal)
Muka Air Normal

No Lengan (m) Y Gaya (t) Momen (tm)
Luas (m2)
1 21.71 0.5 0.5 10.855
2 19.71 0.5 0.5 9.855
3 18.71 0.5 0.5 9.355
4 17.71 0.5 0.5 8.855
5 16.71 0.5 0.5 8.355
6 14.38 12.5 12.5 179.75
7 7.71 50 50 385.5
8 0.7 1.0959 1.0959 0.76713
JUMLAH 66.0959 93.47639 613.29213
Uplift 70% 46.26713 65.43347 429.304491
2. Uplift Pressure Horizontal (Pada Waktu Air Normal)
Muka Air Normal

No Lengan (m) x 2
Luas (m ) Gaya (t) Momen (tm)
1 8.67 0.5 0.5 4.335
2 7.67 0.5 0.5 3.835
3 5.67 0.5 0.5 2.835
4 3.67 0.5 0.5 1.835
5 1.67 0.5 0.5 0.835
6 1.67 12.5 12.5 20.875
7 2.33 50 50 116.5
8 0.35 1.0959 1.0959 0.383565
JUMLAH 66.096 66.096 151.434
Uplift 70% 46.267 46.267 106.003

3. Uplift Pressure Vertikal (Pada Waktu Air Banjir)
Muka Air Normal

No Lengan (m) Y 2
1 21.63 1 1 21.63
2 19.63 1 1 19.63
3 18.63 1 1 18.63
4 17.63 1 1 17.63
5 16.63 1 1 16.63
6 13.93 25 25 348.25
7 6.88 100 100 688
8 0.61 0.5 0.5 0.305
JUMLAH 130.5 93.47639 1130.705
Uplift 70% 91.35 65.433473 791.4935
4. Uplift Pressure Horizontal (Pada Waktu Air Banjir)
Muka Air Normal

No Lengan (m) x 2
1 8.46 1 1 8.46
2 7.46 1 1 7.46
3 5.46 1 1 5.46
4 3.46 1 1 3.46
5 1.46 1 1 1.46
6 2.71 25 25 67.75
7 4.42 100 100 442
8 0.57 0.5 0.5 0.285
JUMLAH 130.5 130.5 536.335
Uplift 70% 91.35 91.35 375.4345

Horisontal(t) Vertikal(t) Momen (t.m)

No Item
(+) (-) (+) (-) MV MH
1 Berat Sendiri 0 0 1 202 2,960 0
2 Gaya Gempa 0 1.15 0 0 0 1113.38
3 Tekanan Lumpur 0.6813 0 0 0 0 2.970468
4 Tekanan Tanah 33 0 0 0 0 101

5 Tekanan Hidrostatis MAN 2.235 0 0 0 0 27.870
6 Tekanan Hidrostatis MAB 0 0 0 0 461.680 286.536
7 Gaya Uplift MAN (diambil 0,7) 46.26713 0 0 46.267 429.304 106.003
8 Gaya Uplift MAB (diambil 0,7) 91.35 91.35 375.4345 791.4935

∑MAN 82 1.15 1 247.8 3851.307 1637.760
∑MAB 174 339 4226.742 2429.254
Safety Factor
a. Terhadap guling
∑ 𝑀𝑉 4226,742
𝑆𝐹 = = = 2,36 > 1,5 (𝑔𝑜𝑜𝑑!)
∑ 𝑀𝐻 2429,254
b. Terhadap geser
∑ 𝐹𝑉 3851,31
𝑆𝐹 = = = 1,74 > 1,5 (𝑔𝑜𝑜𝑑!)
∑ 𝐹𝐻 1637,76

Makalah Bangunan Air

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Makalah Bangunan Air

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Laporan Tugas Perancangan Perkerasan Jalan

SIA-314 BANGUNAN AIR

Bandung, April 28th, 2019

Yori Raymizard Fahrudin

Yori Raymizard 22-2016-050 Page i

1.1 Background .............................................................................................. 1

1.2 Formulation Of the Problem..................................................................... 1

1.3 Purpose ..................................................................................................... 1

1.4 Benefits ..................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................. 2

2.1 Theoritical basis ....................................................................................... 2

2.2 The classification Dam is follows: ........................................................... 2

2.3 Discharge Rating Curve ........................................................................... 3

2.4 Dam Hydraulics ........................................................................................ 3

2.5 Olak Pool .................................................................................................. 7

2.6 Intake Dam ............................................................................................... 7

2.7 Lantai Muka ............................................................................................. 8

2.8 Dam Stability ............................................................................................ 9

CHAPTER 3 CALCULATION ............................................................................ 11

3.1 Tahap 1 Lengkung Debit ........................................................................ 11

3.1.1 Mencari kecepatan (chezy) ............................................................. 12

3.1.2 Mencari debit .................................................................................. 12

3.2 Tahap 2 Hidraulik Bendung ................................................................... 14

3.2.1 Menghitung elevasi mercu bendung ............................................... 14

3.3 Tahap 3 Lebar Bruto Dan Lebar Efektif Bendung ................................. 15

3.3.1 Tinggi pengempangan (P) ............................................................... 15

3.3.2 Lebar efektif bendung ..................................................................... 15

Yori Raymizard 22-2016-050 Page ii

3.3.3 Rencana pintu pembilas .................................................................. 15

3.3.4 Lebar pembilas ................................................................................ 15

3.3.5 Lebar efektif mercu bendung .......................................................... 16

3.4.1 Menghitung Hi ................................................................................ 17

3.4.2 Mencari B Efektif ............................................................................ 18

3.4.3 Menghitung Hd ............................................................................... 19

3.5.1 Elevasi Muka Air di Udik Bendung ................................................ 20

3.5.2 Elevasi Garis Energi ........................................................................ 20

3.5.3 Elevasi Tembok Pangkal di Udik Bendung .................................... 20

3.5.4 Elevasi garis energi di udik bendung .............................................. 20

3.5.5 Elevasi muka air di hilir bendung ................................................... 21

3.5.6 Elevasi Tembok Pangkal di Hilir .................................................... 21

3.6 Tahap 6 Perencanaan Detail Mercu Bendung ........................................ 22

3.6.1 titik Upstream .................................................................................. 22

3.6.2 Titik Downstream............................................................................ 22

3.7 Tahap 7 Kolam Olak Dan Peredam Energi ........................................... 24

3.7.1 Menghitung Peredam Energi Tipe Vlugter ..................................... 24

3.8 Tahap 8 Pintu Pengambil ....................................................................... 25

3.8.1 Pintu Pengambil .............................................................................. 25

3.9 Tahap 9 Pintu Pembilas .......................................................................... 27

3.9.1 Pintu Pembilas Bawah (Under Slice) .............................................. 27

3.9.2 Kontrol kecepatan pembilas ............................................................ 28

Yori Raymizard 22-2016-050 Page iii

3.10 Tahap 10 Kantong Lumpur ................................................................. 30

3.10.1 Waktu pembilasan ........................................................................... 30

3.10.2 Volume kantong lumpur ................................................................. 30

3.10.3 Luas daerah pengendapan ............................................................... 31

3.10.4 Penentuan In (eksploitasi normal, kantong lumpur hampir penuh) . 31

3.10.5 Penentuan Is (pembilasan, kantong lumpur kosong) ....................... 32

3.11 Tahap 11 Perencanaan Lantai Muka Dan Pondasi Bangunan ............ 33

3.11.1 Perencanaan Lantai Muka Bendung ............................................... 33

3.12 Tahap 12 Stabilitas Bendung .............................................................. 38

3.12.1 Akibat Beban Sendiri ...................................................................... 38

3.12.2 Akibat Gempa ................................................................................. 38

3.12.3 Akibat Tekanan Lumpur ................................................................. 38

3.12.4 Akibat Tekanan Tanah .................................................................... 39