Professional Documents
Culture Documents
5
5
URINE FORMATION
The extracellular fluid constitutes the internal environment of the cells of the body. It is in
this medium that the cells carry out their vital activities. Since changes inextracellular fluid
are reflected in changes the fluid within the cells and thus also in cell functions, It is
essential to the normal function of the cells that this fluid be maintained relatively constant
in composition.
This internal environment is regulated mainly by two pairs of organs : the lungs, which
control the concentrations of oxygen and CO2; and the kidneys, which maintain optimal
chemical composition of the body fluid. Thus the kidney is an organ which does not merely
remove metabolic wastes but actually performs highly important homeostatic functions.
The urinary system, composed of kidney, ureters, bladder (vesica urinaria), and urethra.
Glukosa, asam amino, dan klorida (High Threshold substances) akan di reabsorpsi
kembali karena masih diperlukan oleh tubuh.
Berbeda dengan urea, kreatinin, dan uric acid (low threashold substances) tidak akan
dipakai lagi, akan dibuang oleh tubuh.
Glikolisis
Aerob = cukup oksigen
Mitokondria nya akan aktif. Kalau oksigen kurang, rantai pernapasan tidak bisa jalan.
Maka glikolisis hanya stop sampai piruvat.
Katabolisme protein meningkat peningkatan asam sulfat dan asam fosfat yang mesti
dikeluarkan
Ketone bodies : acetone (tidak mengalami metabolism, tetapi akan dikeluarkan oleh paru
karena mudah menguap), asam asetoasetat, asam hidroksibutirat
Kedua asam tersebut adalah asam lemah.
Kalau pembuluh darah ke ginjal kurang, maka renin (enzim proteolitik dikeluarkan dari
ginjal) kurang