UNIT 2 ENVIRONMENT (2)

KHÓA HỌC CHINH PHỤC TỪ VỰNG TIẾNG ANH

Cô Vũ Thị Mai Phương

_________________________
pollutant (n) /pəˈluː.tənt/

chất ô nhiễm

Ex: The conference highlighting the increasing risks posed by air pollutants was
organized by WWF-Pakistan.

poisonous (adj) /ˈpɔɪ.zən.əs/

có độc, độc hại

Ex: A couple who ate poisonous mushrooms were transferred to a medical clinic in
France by the Cyprus state, reports said on Saturday.
fertilizer (n) /ˈfɜː.tɪ.laɪ.zər/

phân bón

Ex: The prices for farm equipment, fertilizer and fuel climb relentlessly.

litter (v) /ˈlɪt.ər/

xả rác

Ex: Regulations imposing heavy fines of up to VNĐ7 million on those who litter in
public areas have been in effect for a year-and-a-half.
landscape (n) /ˈlænd.skeɪp/
phong cảnh

Ex: The garden has been designed to harmonize with the natural landscape.

cliff (n) /klɪf/

vách đá

Ex: Keep away from the edge of the cliff - you might fall. the cliff edge.
illegal (adj) /ɪˈliː.ɡəl/

bất hợp pháp

Ex: Provincial fish and wildlife officers are seeking information on two separate
cases of illegal hunting activity in the province.

marine (adj) /məˈriːn/

dưới nước, dưới biển

Ex: The oil slick seriously threatens marine life around the islands.
ocean current (n) /ˌəʊʃn ˈkɜːrənt/

dòng hải lưu

Ex: Ocean currents are actually primarily driven by the winds.

disperse (v) /dɪˈspɜːs/

rải rác, phân tán

Ex: Once the seeds are released into the air, the wind quickly disperses them.

Quiz

1. Habitats in San Francisco Bay are impaired by _______ including mercury.

A. pollutants B. pollution
2. The atmosphere surrounding this dispute has gradually changed from fraught to
______.

A. illegal B. poisonous

3. Darren looked up at the ceiling fan _______ his cigarette smoke as it hit.

A. approaching B. dispersing

sprayer (n) /ˈspreɪ.ər/

bình phun thuốc

Ex: At the same time, farmers are still looking for efficiency and capacity
in sprayers.

irritate (v) /ˈɪr.ɪ.teɪt/

kích thích

Ex: In addition to reducing visibility, smog makes the eyes smart and irritates the
respiratory system.
deforestation (n) /diːfɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən/

sự tàn phá rừng

Ex: Deforestation is destroying large areas of tropical rain forest.

die out (phrV)

biến mất, mất dần

Ex: Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.

predator (n) /ˈpred.ə.tər/

động vật ăn thịt

Ex: With fewer natural predators in the city than the forests, the frogs are free to
call as loudly as they want without fear of being detected.

erosion (n) /ɪˈrəʊ.ʒən/

sự xói mòn

Ex: The city of Mentor is trying to gain ground in the fight against erosion.
fell (v) /fel/

đốn chặt

Ex: A man was killed Sunday afternoon when a tree fell on him while he was felling
trees on his property in Jackson Township, Indiana.

logging (n) /ˈlɒɡ.ɪŋ/

việc đốn gỗ

Ex: The rule changes will allow logging of the last old-growth trees in many of the
northwest forests.
terrestrial (adj) /təˈres.tri.əl/

trên mặt đất

Ex: Around 15% of the world’s terrestrial area is better safeguarded by

conservation measures.

vanish (v) /ˈvæn.ɪʃ/

biến mất

Ex: Meanwhile, forest-dependent birds have largely vanished.

Quiz

1. Dolphins enjoy relatively lower travel costs than do the ________ mammals.

A. terrestrial B. vanishing

2. China accounts for 30% of the wood exported from Brazil’s _______ operations.

A. dying out B. logging

3. A great number of trees were ______ to provide space for grazing.

A. felled B. irritated

scarcity (n) /ˈskeə.sə.ti/

sự khan hiếm

Ex: More than 2.7 billion people around the globe currently suffer from water
scarcity, according to World Wildlife Fund.
degrade (v) /dɪˈɡreɪd/

làm suy thoái

Ex: However, one third of the world’s soil is degraded.

the brink/ verge of extinction /brɪŋk/ vɜːdʒ əv ɪkˈstɪŋk.ʃən/

bờ vực của sự tuyệt chủng

Ex: India's national aquatic animal is on the verge of extinction.

impose (v) /ɪmˈpəʊz/

áp đặt

Ex: Imposing petrol tax is known as a measure that the government can take to
curb car use.

fertility (n) /fəˈtɪl.ə.ti/

sự màu mỡ

Ex: Every farmer should soil test their land every three to five years to gain a full
and true understanding of actual soil fertility levels.
depletion (n) /dɪˈpliː.ʃən/

sự suy giảm

Ex: Ozone layer depletion has increased snowfall over Antarctica in recent decades.

carbon footprint (n) /ˌkɑː.bən ˈfʊt.prɪnt/

lượng khí thải cacbon

Ex: Different studies highlight that there are four effective ways to cut on your
individual carbon footprint.
aggravate (v) /ˈæɡ.rə.veɪt/

làm nghiêm trọng hơn

Ex: The influx of many more new residents will aggravate existing parking and
traffic problems.

evaporate (v) /ɪˈvæp.ər.eɪt/

làm bay hơi

Ex: Plants keep cool during the summer by evaporating water from their leaves.
discharge (v) /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/

thải ra

Ex: Large amounts of dangerous waste are discharged daily by the factory.

Quiz

1. The _______ of mangroves has also affected the fish wealth of the State

A. evaporation B. depletion

2. Even a slight traffic accident or a train delay __________ the problems and stress.

A. aggravates B. deters

3. 13 rare animals that are teetering ______ the brink of extinction.

A. in B. on

Vocabulary highlights

✓ pollutant (n): chất ô nhiễm

✓ poisonous (adj): có độc, độc hại

✓ fertilizer (n): phân bón

✓ litter (v): xả rác

✓ landscape (n): phong cảnh

✓ cliff (n): vách đá

✓ illegal (adj): bất hợp pháp

✓ marine (n): dưới biển

✓ ocean current (n): dòng hải lưu

✓ disperse (v): rải rác

✓ sprayer (n): bình phun thuốc

✓ irritate (v): kích thích

✓ deforestation (n): sự tàn phá rừng

✓ die out (phrV): biến mất dần

✓ predator (n): dã thú

✓ erosion (n): sự xói mòn

✓ fell (v): đốn chặt

✓ logging (n): việc đốn ngã

✓ terrestrial (adj): trên mặt đất

✓ vanish (v): biến mất

✓ scarcity (n): sự khan hiếm

✓ degrade (v): làm suy thoái

✓ the brink/ verge of extinction (n): bờ vực của sự tuyệt chủng

✓ impose (v): áp đặt

✓ fertility (n): sự màu mỡ

✓ depletion (n): sự suy giảm

✓ carbon footprint (n): lượng khí thải cacbon

✓ aggravate (v): làm nghiêm trọng hơn

 ✓ evaporate (v): làm bay hơi

✓ discharge (v): thải ra

PRACTICE

Fill each gap in the sentences with one suitable word from the box.

irrigated blown

dry normal

because of suffer

drops wells

a causes

Drought is a condition that results when the average rainfall for a fertile area (1) _______
far below the normal amount for (2) _____ long period of time. In areas that are not (3)
_______, the lack of rain (4) _________ farm crops to wither and die. Higher than (5)
________ temperatures usually accompany periods of droughts. They add to the crop
damage. Forest fires start easily during droughts, the soil of a drought area becomes (6)
______ and crumbles. Often the rich topsoil is (7) _______ away by a hot, dry, winds.
Streams, ponds, and (8) _______ often dry up during a drought, and animals (9)
________ and may even die (10) ____________ the lack of water.

Choose the best answer

Water is our life source. It makes up 70 per cent of (1) _____ bodies, and the average
person actually spends 18 months of his life (2) ____ the bath of shower. But we are only
now learning how to look (3) ______ water. Acid rain (4) _____ polluted as many as
18,000 lakes and our seas and rivers are polluted with waste products. It is now (5) ____
expensive to try to repair the damage which has been done. We have some hope for the
future, though, (6) ______ new sources of water have been discovered. People (7) _____
in the Sahara Desert have (8) ______ fish swimming in deep underground steam.
Scientists also believe (9) _______ is a huge lake underneath London. If we have (10)
_______ anything from our mistakes; we will try to keep these new areas of water clean.

Complete each gap with the correct form of the word

Water Pollution

Estimates suggest that nearly 1.5 billion people lack safe (1) __________ (drink) water
and that at least 5 million (2) ________ (die) per year can be attributed to waterborne
diseases. Water (3) _______ (pollute) may come from point or non-point sources. Point
sources discharge (4) ___________ (pollute) at specific (5) ________ (locate) – from, for
example, factories, sewage treatment plants, or oil tankers. The technology exists for
point sources of pollution to be monitored and regulated, although political factors may
complicate matters. Non - point sources – runoff water (6) ___________ (contain)
pesticides and fertilizers from acres of (7________ (agriculture) land, for example – are
much more difficult to control. Pollution arising from non-point sources accounts for a
(8) _________ (major) of the contaminants in streams and lakes. With almost 80 percent
of the planet covered by oceans, people have long acted as if those bodies of water could
serve as a (9) ______ (limit) dumping ground for wastes. Raw sewage, garbage, and oil
spills have begun to overwhelm the diluting (10) ________ (capable) of the oceans, and
most coastal waters and now polluted.

Fill each gap in the sentences with one suitable word or phrase

On the other hand range

undergo fabrics

distinguish environments

1. The simplest plants and animals are often difficult to __________ from each other. In
more complex plants and animals, however, clear differences can be observed.
2. Plants inhabit all sorts of __________
3. They are the source of _________ and of various building materials.
4. Some of the simplest plants consist of little more than a single cell. ____________,
more complex plants consist of millions of cells, which vary greatly in shape and perform
many different functions.
5. Plants and animals are similar in that both __________ growth and react to external
stimuli.
6. Plants _________ in size from microscopic to giant trees more than 300 feet tall.