NAMA : MOHAMMAD FAISAL YUDHA PRATAMA

NIM : 170531527514
PRODI : D3 TEKNIK ELEKTRO A 2017

DESIGN OF ELECTRIC POWER LOAD CONTROL SYSTEM

Background
Technological developments have helped a lot in improving the quality and welfare of human
life. Along with these developments, presents several technologies that can be applied in the
life of the wider community to assist in every human activity. One of the systems is a tool
capable of monitoring and controlling the use of electrical energy. A technology that is able
to monitor the use of electrical energy and its performance becomes necessary in improving
the security system and convenience for its users. In its study the system is included into a
smarth home system that meets several of its stops, including in terms of safety, convenience
and energy use.

The use of electrical energy can be done through the socket and through the switch. As for
limiting the use of the amount of power used in an installation is generally used Miniature
Circuit Breaker (MCB). MCB will disconnect the electric current instantly when the power
used in an installation exceeds the power limit shown on the MCB such as 450 watts, 900
watts, or 1300 watts. The occurrence of such instantaneous termination will lead to a decrease
in the quality of electronic equipment and electrical equipment, and may result in an increase
in the amount of power used when the on-off flame process is too frequent. Therefore we
need a system capable of monitoring and limiting the use of power in order to prevent the
occurrence of electrical outage immediately.

In addition to limiting the use of the amount of power, the system must also be able to
monitor how much use of power is used, so that the electric user can monitor the large use of
power in order not to overcharge when the payment of electricity bills.

Based on this, then in this final project designed a system to be able to control and supervise
the use of electrical energy. Electrical load control systems are designed to limit the use of
electronic equipment and electrical equipment to be used when the use of electrical energy
exceeds the maximum power limit, and is also able to monitor the use of electric power used.
Problems
Formulation of the problem

The planning of this electrical load control system involves several problem formulations,
namely how to create a power limiting control system and its monitoring, and how to make it
when the excessive electrical energy consumption does not cut off electricity instantaneously.

Theory

Electrical power is defined as the rate of conductivity of electrical energy in the electrical
circuit. The international unit (SI) of electrical power is watts. Electric current flowing in
circuits with electrical resistance causes work. The tool converts this work into useful forms,
such as heat (such as electricity heating), light (such as a light bulb), kinetic energy (electric
motor), and sound (loudspeaker). Electricity can be obtained from power plants or energy
storage such as batteries.

Electricity of alternating current (AC) is an electric current where the magnitude and
direction of the current change alternately. Unlike the direct current (DC) where the direction
of the flowing current does not vary with time. The waveform of alternating current is usually
a sinusoidal wave, because this allows the most efficient flow of energy. In other specific
applications, however, other waveforms may be used, such as triangle waveforms or
rectangular waveforms.

In an alternating current (AC) power system there are three types of power known, especially
for loads having impedances, namely:

1. Power on
In the AC power circuit the waveform changes every time, and the magnitude of the
power at any time is not the same. The power which is the average power is measured
by the unit of watt (W), this power forms the unity of the active energy of time and
can be measured by kwh meter and is also the real power or active power (shaft
power, real power) used by the load to perform specific tasks.
2. Apparent power
The apparent power is expressed by a volt-ampere (VA) unit, indicating the capacity
of the electrical apparatus, as shown in the generator and transformer equipment.
 3. Reactive power
In an installation, especially in a factory / industry there are also certain loads such as
electric motors, which require another form of power ie reactive power (VAR) to
create a magnetic field, or in other words reactive power is power used as a magnetic
arise magnetization and this power is returned to the system because of the
electromagnetic induction effect itself, so that this power is actually a load (need) on a
power system.
Electric power is developed by the letter P in the electric equation. In DC current circuits,
instantaneous electrical power is calculated using joule law, in the name of British physicist
James Joule, who first showed that electrical energy can turn into mechanical energy, and
vice versa.

P=VI
Where :
P is power, with unit watt (W)
V is voltage, with unit volt (V)
I is a current, with an ampere unit (A)

From the base formula, it can be concluded and summed up with the final work done, that if
the load used has a voltage V and current I, it will produce a power quantity W.

For frequent use of power such as those listed in the MCB is 450 watts, 900 watts and 1300
watts. If the power used is 450 watts assuming a voltage of 220 volts, then the current is 2
amperes. Likewise with 900 watts of power and 1300 watts using the assumption of 220 volts
voltage can be known also how much current.

From the above description, it is concluded that if the load used exceeds the power limit
listed in the MCB then the power will instantly disconnect the current flow. Therefore, for the
flow of electricity does not break instantaneously, it takes a control system to limit the
amount of power usage and also be applied to help mengefesiensi use of electric power
Methodology
Diagram block

The design of this system is intended to limit the amount of electricity usage by giving
warning sign of the amount of power usage exceeding the maximum limit, and also able to
supervise the use of power used that can be monitored or monitored through LCD display