1. This is the preferred modality for diagnosing myositis.

A. CT Scan

B. MRI

C. X-ray

D. Ultrasound\

E. Infrared thermography

2. May help reveal the extent of tissue viability in clostridial myonecrosis

A. CT Scan

B. MRI

C. X-ray

D. Ultrasound

E. Infrared thermography

3. What condition/disease could predispose a child to C septicum myositis?

A. Neutropenia

B. Intussusception

C. Trauma

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

4. useful in defining the extent of soft-tissue involvement

A. CT Scan

B. MRI

C. X-ray

D. Ultrasound

E. Infrared thermography

5. is helpful in the suppurative phase

A. CT Scan

B. MRI
 C. X-ray

D. Ultrasound

E. Infrared thermography

6. Nagler's reaction is useful for the identification of

A. C tetani

B. C perfringens

C. C botulinum

D. C difficile

7. Which of the following types of Clostridium perfringens produces alpha toxin most abundantly?

A. Type A

B. Type B

C. Type C

D. Type D

8. Spontaneous gangrene principally is associated with which Clostridium spp?

A. C. perfringens

B. C. novyi

C. C. histolyticum

D. C. septicum

9. In which setting/s would predispose the patient to be exposed to Clostridium?

A. arterial insufficiency

B. aseptic abortions

C. surgery involving the bowel or biliary system

D. A and C only

E. All of the above

10. Which Clostridium spp. Are known to cause Myositis?

 E. C. perfringens

F. C. novyi

G. C. histolyticum

H. A and C only

I. All of the above

11. Clostridium botulinum food poisoning is due to

A. invasion of bacteria in the intestine

B. preformed toxin

C. A and B only

D. None of the above

12. Typical drumstick appearance of bacilli is generally seen in

A. C perfringens

B. C botulinum

C. C tetani

D. C histolyticum

12 – 25. Matching Type.

Match the following description with the causative agent:

12. Occurring in persons with recent seawater exposure - B

13. Uncommon with most cases occurring in immunocompromised patients. - D

14. Abrupt onset of severe myalgia in calf muscles, inability to walk, and elevated serum creatine kinase
levels - E

15. Include involvement of the intercostal muscles through extension from the lung or striated muscles
of the leg - C

16. Manifesting as pleurodynia is most common - A

 A. Coxsackie B virus

B. Vibrio vulnificus

C. Mycobacterium spp.

D. Candida spp.

E. Influenza-associated myositis

17. Muscle injury resulted in increased cellular vimentin expression - D

18. α-toxin, phenol-soluble modulins, and Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes - A

19. Pore-forming cytolysin, α-toxin, which triggers fulminant myonecrosis – C

20. Exotoxin-induced microvascular dysfunction - B

A. Staphylococcus aureus

B. Clostridium perfringens

C. Clostridium septicum

D. Streptococcus pyogenes

21. Appear to be a complication of transient bacteremia and typically develop without penetrating injury
or other clear portal of entry - A

22. Usually occurs after penetrating trauma in a freshwater environment - D

23. The exanthem of primary varicella and various forms of minor skin trauma are important
predisposing factors - E

24. Most frequent cause of trauma-associated gas gangrene. - B

25. Malignancy underlies >50% of cases, with acute myelocytic and lymphocytic leukemias the most
common - C
A. Staphylococcus aureus

B. Clostridium perfringens

C. Clostridium septicum

D. Aeromonas hydrophila

E. Streptococcus pyogenes