Physiotherapy in Eldery

Presented by:
Teresa Asali

Supervisor :
dr. Achmadi Eko Sugiri, Sp.PD

Introduction
In the elderly there are
physical changes that can
cause instability of the
locomotor / neuromuscular
system, so that it often
disrupts functional
activities in carrying out
daily life activities.
Physiotherapy is based on
scientific and dynamic theories
that are widely applied in terms
of healing, recovery,
maintenance, and promotion of
optimal gesture functions.
Physiotherapy prevent the
occurrence of disorders,
symptoms, and possible
disabilities produced by
disease, disorder, condition or
injury.

Physical therapy can help

older adults to remain
strong and independent, as
well as productive.
Branches of Physiotherapy
Musculo-skeletal physiotherapy

Cardio-Thoracic Physiotherapy

Neurological Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy in Rehabilitation

Physiotherapy in Obstetrics

Sports Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy in fitness and postural care

Pediatric Physiotherapy
 Common condition seen in old age
Cardiovascular Oral and
Musculoskeletal Cancers
disease dental

Bone marrow
Hormonal Lungs and immune Infections
system

Neurologic Kidneys Gastrointestinal Psychiatric

General
Visual Skin and Hair Urinary
problems

Geriatric physical therapy is a proven means for older

adults from every level of physical ability to improve
their balance and strength, build their confidence, and
remain active
Exercise therapy
Exercise therapy
 Exercise therapy is a means of accelerating
the patient’s recovery from injuries and
diseases which have altered his normal way
of living.

 The aims of exercise therapy

1. To promote activity and minimize the effects of inactivity.

2. To increase the normal range of motion.
3. To strength the weak muscles.
4. To improve the performance in daily activities
Exercise therapy
Indication Contraindication
1. Cases of 1. Fracture
paralysis 2. At site of effusion or
Movement 2. When there is an swelling.
inflammatory 3. Immediately following
reaction and surgical procedure to
active movement tendon, ligaments, joint
is painful. capsule.
Position 3. Coma. 4. When a bony block
4. In relaxation as limits joint motion e.g.
a factor helping myosities ossificans.
to reduce spasm 5. Recent injuries
in group of 6. Severe muscle
Posture muscles. weakness.
7. Acute inflammation or
infection as arthritis,
osteomylities etc
Exercise therapy

In position therapy, equilibrium and stability

Movement is maintained in these positions by a balance of
forces acting upon the body, and when the force
of muscular contraction is used for this purpose
the contraction is isometric.

Position Fundamental position

1. Standing
2. Kneeling
3. Sitting
4. Lying
5. Hanging.
Posture
Exercise therapy
Good posture is the attitude
which, is assumed by Body
parts to maintain stability and
balance with minimum effort
Movement
and least strain during
supportive and non supportive
positions.

Position The effects of good posture include:

1. Helps the muscles in the body to be unloaded and
relaxed.
2. Improves respiratory and circulatory efficiency.
3. Prevents unnecessary strain and fatigue.
4. Decreases the incidence of diseases resulting from
Posture bad posture.
5. Improves the subject’s state; mentally or
psychologically.
Human Locomotion (Gait)
 Human Locomotion (Gait)
 Gait training is a type of physical therapy that
helps people improve their ability to stand and
walk. One goal of gait training is preventing falls.

Effects of gait training:

• Gait training helps strengthen muscles and joints, improves
balance, improves posture, develops muscle memory, builds
endurance, and retrains the legs for repetitive motion.

• Reduction of other illness, such as heart disease and

osteoporosis, through physical activity and movement.
People who choose gait training may become healthier
overall than people who choose immobility.
Hydrotherapy
Hyrotherapy
Hydrotherapy is the use of water in the treatment of
different conditions, including arthritis and related
rheumatic complaints.

People use hydrotherapy to treat many illnesses and

conditions, including:
 Arthritis
 Colds
 Headaches
 Stomach problems
 Joint, muscle, and nerve problems
 Depression, Sleep disorders and stress.
Hydrotherapy

Pooltherapy

Contrast bath

Aquatic exercise is especially helpful

for rehabilitation of leg injuries or for
Cryotherapys
conditions with limited tolerance for land-based
therapy such as fibromyalgia, arthritis, and
some types of back pain.
 Contrast bath also known as “hot/cold
Hydrotherapy immersion therapy is a method of treating muscle
soreness, swelling, and inflammation. It was also
used for treating joint injuries, mild sprains,
symptoms of chronic pain and repetitive strain
injuries.
Pooltherapy

Contrast bath

Procedure

• Place the body part(s) to be treated in hot water 40 degrees

Cryotherapys C for 3-4 minutes. Apply a cold compress to the head. Then
place the body part in ice water 6-21 degrees C for 30
seconds to 1 minute. While they sare in the cold, increase the
temperature of the hot water each time, but do not exceed
43 degrees C.
Hydrotherapy
Cryotherapy in physical therapy is the application of
cold for treatment of symptoms of or problems
associated with musculoskeletal conditions, such as
Pooltherapy strains and sprains.

Contrast bath

Cryotherapy Cryotherapy should be the initial treatment for

acute injuries, such as muscle strains and sprains.
Cold can help relieve your pain.
Suspension therapy
Suspension therapy
 Therapeutic exercises given to the patients
to increase ROM and muscle power while
supporting body parts by using ropes,
pulleys and slings.
Relaxation
 Relaxation
A relaxation technique is any method,
process, procedure, or activity that helps a
person to relax; to attain a state of
increased calmness; or otherwise reduce
levels of pain, anxiety, stress or anger.

Relaxation techniques are often

employed as one element of a wider
stress management program and can
decrease muscle tension, lower the
blood pressure and slower heart rate
and breath rates.
Chest physiotherapy
Chest physiotherapy
Chest physiotherapy is a treatment that helps to remove
the excess secretions from inside the lungs. It is used to
assists a cough, re- educate breathing muscles to impove
ventilation of the lungs.

Aims of chest physiotherapy:

 To prevent accumulation of secretion.
 Drainage of secretion.
 To reduce the work done in breathing.
 To maintain and improve chest wall mobility.
 To improve breathing pattern.
 To educate normal and efficient breathing pattern.
 To develop respiratory muscles endurance.
 To improve cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance.
Percussion involves rhythmic strikingof the chest wall over the area
being drained. The manual method is done. Withhands cupped, fingers
flexed, and thumbs held tightly against index fingers. If done properly,
a hollow sound is heard and there is no discomfort to the patient.

Vibration is done immediately after percussion and is directed to the

same area.While the patient performs a prolonged exhalation through
pursed lips, thetherapist presses the flat of the hands or the
mechanical device against the thorax in a downward movement toward
the midline of the body.
Electrical therapy
Electrotherapy
 Electrotherapy is a form of medical treatment,
which uses small electrical impulses to repair
tissue, stimulate muscles and increase
sensation and muscle strength

The benefits of electrotherapy are wide-ranging and include a

more advanced healing process, a more effective circulatory
system and increased muscle tone.
Electrotherapy equipments

Infrared Ultrasound Short wave

lamp therapy Diathermy

Interferential Transcutaneous Laser

Therapy Electrical Nerve
Stimulator
(TENS)
Thank you