Final Revised

Manually Operated Double Dumbwaiter
Andaya, J.M.; Balagtas, A.J.; Mendoza, J.M.; Reyes, A.; Salazar, C.M.
Acknowledgement
The researchers would like to give our gratitude to the members of the group for cooperating and placing
their efforts in making this Project possible. Members sacrifice their time just to finish this project.
To the researchers’ adviser and professor Alan Padilla for leading the way to the project. Made the project
easier by giving useful ideas and techniques to avoid mistakes and plan better. His enthusiasm and
knowledge in the subject matter is astonishing. The researchers are lucky to be in your care.
To the parents and guardians of each members for the support and patience throughout the project.
To God’s grace and guidance. It is possible that the projects could have not been finished on time due to
problems such as accidents and big mistakes. It can be just luck.

Abstract
Dumbwaiters are used to deliver small packages such as food, clothes, books and any object that would fit
in there. There is a weight limit of course. It is not very popular in our country and South East Asia. It is more
known in the western hemisphere. It is an improve pulley system that helps us bring our things to the higher
floor. It is very similar to an elevator but elevators are designed to carry bigger, heavier space consuming
objects.
The research plans to create a dumbwaiter that has two loading containers. Thence the name Double
Dumbwaiter. Making two loading containers we make it faster and efficient in bringing up materials and
objects. The two containers are at opposite locations meaning that if one of the containers is up the other is
down below it. You can load one of the containers first and bring it up. Now load the other container and bring
the first one below.

Table of Contents
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………………………….i
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………..ii
List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………………………...iii
List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………………………….iv
Chapter 1: Project Background
The Project………………………………………………………………….……………………………1
Project Objectives……………………………………………………………………………………….1
The Client………………………………………………………………………………………………...1
Project Scope and Limitations………………………………………………………………………....2
Project Development…………………………………………………………………………………....3
Engineering Design Process……………………………………………………………………………3
Engineering Design Process Flowchart………………………………………………………………..4
Table I. Gantt Chart………………………………………………………………………………………5
Chapter 2: Design Input
2.1 Related Literature……………………………………………………………………………………6
2.1.1 Elevator…………………………………………………………………………………………6
2.1.2 Dumb Waiter……..……………………………………………………………………………7
2.2 Materials……………………………………………………………………………………………..8
2.2.1 Bearing…………………………………………………………………………………………8
2.2.2 Sprocket………………………………………………………………………………………..9
2.2.3 Roller chain…………………………………………………………………………………….10
2.2.4 Wire rope………………………………………………………………………………………11
2.2.5 Crank………………………………………………………………………………………...…12
2.2.6 Structural steel…………………………………………………………………………………13
2.2.7 Pulley……………………………………………………………………………………………14
2.2.8 Bart Stock………………………………………………………………………………………15
2.2.9 Caster…………………………………………………………………………………………..16
Table 2.3.1 Perspective Specification………………………………………………………………17
Table 2.3.1 Performance Specification…………………………………………………..…………17
Table 2.3.2 Performance Specification……………………………………………………………..18
Table 2.3.3 Material Strength of Certain Materials………………………………………………..19
2.4 Research Paradigm………………………………………………………………………………..20

Chapter 3: Project Design
3.1 Computation for the Design
3.1.1 Computation for the Torque………………………………………………………………..24
3.1.2 Computation for the Stress of the Shaft…………………………………………………..25
3.1.3 Computation for the Deflection of the shaft………………………………………………25
3.1.4 Computation for Wire Elongation………………………………………………………….26
Chapter 4: Standard/Constraints/Trade-offs
4.1 Codes and Standards………………………………………………………………………….27
4.2 Standards used ………………………………………………………………………………..28
4.2.1 Safety………………………………………………………………………………………..28
4.2.2 Economic……………………………………………………………………………………28
4.2.3 Manufacturability……………………………………………………………………………28
4.3 Constraints………………………………………………………………………………………29
4.3.1 Pair wise table………………………………………………………..…………………….30
4.4 Trade offs……………………………………………………………………………..………..31
4.4.1 Angle bar …………………………………………………………………………………...31
4.4.2 Shaft………………………………………………………………………………………….31
4.4.3 Sprocket……………………………………………………………………………………..32
Chapter 5: Final Design
5.1 Selected design………………………………………………………………………………33
5.2 3D View of Prototype………………………………………………………………………..33
5.5 Bill of materials and list of Equipment……………………………………………………..34
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………….35
Recommendation………………………………………………………………………………….35
Appendices…………………………………………………………………………………………36
Reference…………………………………………………………………………………………..37
Manual……………………………………………………………………………………………..38
Documentation …………………………………………………………………………………...39
Chapter I
Project Background
1.1 The Project
The project is about creating a dumbwaiter that has two cars. A normal Dumbwaiter has of course only
one car. It makes it easier to bring objects upstairs. It uses pulleys to lift objects. Having two cars gives more
capacity to carry more objects. Note that the compartments are not lifted in parallel. If one of the cars goes
up the other container goes in other direction. This could be helpful for the young and old people because it
can avoid back pains which is cause by heavy luggage.
1.2 Project Objective
General Objectives
 Design and fabricate a working dumbwaiter to carry the maximum load of 30kg with two
containers using seven machine elements. These elements are shafts, bolts and nuts,
pulleys, chains, bearings, lever and cables.
Specific Objectives
 Present a design of manually operated double dumbwaiter considering the machine design
principles that we have learned and studied.
 Fabricate a prototype using the knowledge that we gained from machine shop practices.
1.3 The Client
The target clients would be people that have heavy luggage. This will help them avoid carrying heavy
and bulky objects making their lives easier and better. Carrying heavy object can be hazardous to health.
1.4 Project Scope and Limitation
The project focuses on creating a double dumbwaiter that has a capacity of 30 kg. It is intended for small-
scale industry and household use. It is not an elevator, it’s purpose is to bring objects to different floors. The
project will not use electric motor. It was intended to be hand cranked.
The Scope
Study of designing, calculating and evaluating of a scaled model of a double dumbwaiter. Study of pulleys in
the system. Study of chain in the system.
The Limitation
It is not an elevator. Elevators carries bigger, bulkier and heavier objects and it carries people and our design
cannot carry weight after 30 kg. The container can be only used for luggage that means no food, water
containers shall be placed. Will work optimally to the people who have enough strength to rotate the crank.
1.5 Project Development
In Project Development you will see the Processes and Plans created and used by the researchers. It
includes Flowcharts of Engineering Design Process and a Gantt Chart where when was it was planned, build
and tested.
1.6 Engineering Design Process
Engineering Design Process is used as a guide to create a prototype for a project. This should make
creating a project easier. The process is as follows:
 Identifying the Problem
 Brain Storming
 Conceptual Design
 Project Design
 Output Design
 Build and Test
 Fail go back to Concept/ Continue the Project
 Polishing Design
 Presentation of design
Engineering Design Process Flowchart
Identifying the
Problem
Brain Storming
Conceptual
Design
Project Design
Output Design
Build and Test
If failed go back to
conceptual design
NO
Or
Continue Project
Polishing Design
YES
Presentation of
the Design
Table I. Gantt Chart
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH

ACTIVITY
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Identifying and selecting the problem
Conceptual Framework
Gathering Information
Canvassing the needed materials
Making partial Constraints of the material
Finalizing the needed materials
Buying materials and start
the heart of the prototype,
the double dumbwaiter
Test and Trials
Polishing the the two pulley and chains
Building the body of the prototype
Test and Trials powered by the hand crank
Polishing and Designing the Prototype

Chapter 2
DESIGN OF DOUBLE DUMBWAITER
Design Input
In this chapter, the related literature will be discussed and also the materials that will be used are
carefully selected to meet the needs in the design project, the material is carefully evaluated and it is based
on some parameters.
2.1 Related Literature
2.1.1 Elevator
An elevator or lift is a type of vertical transportation that moves people or goods between floors
(levels, decks) of a building, vessel, or other structure. Elevators are typically powered by electric motors that
either drive traction cables and counterweight systems like a hoist, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a
cylindrical piston like a jack.
In agriculture and manufacturing, an elevator is any type of conveyor device used to lift materials in a
continuous stream into bins or silos. Several types exist, such as the chain and bucket elevator, grain auger
screw conveyor using the principle of Archimedes' screw, or the chain and paddles or forks of hay elevators.
Languages other than English may have loanwords based on either elevator or lift. Because of wheelchair
access laws, elevators are often a legal requirement in new multistory buildings, especially where wheelchair
ramps would be impractical.

2.1.2 Dumbwaiter
A dumbwaiter refers to a device that is technically similar to an elevator. It is used to lift light weight
materials or lift intended to carry objects rather than people. Dumbwaiters found within modern structures,
including both commercial, public and private buildings, are often connected between multiple floors. When
installed in restaurants, schools, hospitals, retirement homes or in private homes, the lifts generally terminate
in a kitchen.
The term seems to have been popularized in the United States in the 1840s, after the model of earlier
"dumbwaiters" now known as serving trays and lazy Susans. The mechanical dumbwaiter was invented by
George W. Cannon, a New York City inventor. Cannon first filed for the patent of a brake system (US Patent
no. 260776) that could be used for a dumbwaiter on January 6, 1883. Cannon later filed for the patent on the
mechanical dumbwaiter (US Patent No. 361268) on February 17, 1887.Cannon reportedly generated a vast
amount of royalties from the dumbwaiter patents until his death in 1897.
The project objectives are to give ease on lifting materials from floor to floor. Through this there are several
key strategic drivers that have been considered in the definition of the objectives of this study.
One of the strategic drivers in this study is to design a double dumbwaiter that will provide an ease of work
in industry that include lifting materials
The materials that will be used is depend on there durability, strength, availability and affordability in the
design sample prototype, the material will be based on their affordability, strength and affordability
2.2 Materials
2.2.1 Bearing
A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and
reduces friction between moving parts. The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear
movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling
the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts. Most bearings facilitate the desired motion by
minimizing friction. Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed,
or to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts.
2.2.2 Sprocket
A sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth, or cogs, that mesh with a chain, track or
other perforated or indented material. The name 'sprocket' applies generally to any wheel upon which radial
projections engage a chain passing over it. It is distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never meshed
together directly, and differs from a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth.
Sprockets are used in bicycles, motorcycles, cars, tracked vehicles, and other machinery either to transmit
rotary motion between two shafts where gears are unsuitable or to impart linear motion to a track, tape etc.
Perhaps the most common form of sprocket may be found in the bicycle, in which the pedal shaft carries a
large sprocket-wheel, which drives a chain, which, in turn, drives a small sprocket on the axle of the rear
wheel. Early automobiles were also largely driven by sprocket and chain mechanism, a practice largely
copied from bicycles.
Sprockets are of various designs, a maximum of efficiency being claimed for each by its originator. Sprockets
typically do not have a flange. Some sprockets used with timing belts have flanges to keep the timing belt
centered. Sprockets and chains are also used for power transmission from one shaft to another where
slippage is not admissible, sprocket chains being used instead of belts or ropes and sprocket-wheels instead
of pulleys. They can be run at high speed and some forms of chain are so constructed as to be noiseless
even at high speed.
2.2.3 Roller chain
Roller chain or bush roller chain is the type of chain drive most commonly used for transmission of
mechanical power on many kinds of domestic, industrial and agricultural machinery, including conveyors,
wire- and tube-drawing machines, printing presses, cars, motorcycles, and bicycles. It consists of a series of
short cylindrical rollers held together by side links. It is driven by a toothed wheel called a sprocket. It is a
simple, reliable, and efficient means of power transmission.

2.2.4 Wire rope
Wire rope is several strands of metal wire twisted into a helix forming a composite "rope", in a pattern
known as "laid rope". Larger diameter wire rope consists of multiple strands of such laid rope in a pattern
known as "cable laid".
In stricter senses the term "wire rope" refers to diameter larger than 3/8 inch (9.52 mm), with smaller gauges
designated cable or cords. Initially wrought iron wires were used, but today steel is the main material used
for wire ropes.
Historically, wire rope evolved from wrought iron chains, which had a record of mechanical failure. While
flaws in chain links or solid steel bars can lead to catastrophic failure, flaws in the wires making up a steel
cable are less critical as the other wires easily take up the load. While friction between the individual wires
and strands causes wear over the life of the rope, it also helps to compensate for minor failures in the short
run.
Wire ropes were developed starting with mining hoist applications in the 1830s. Wire ropes are used
dynamically for lifting and hoisting in cranes and elevators, and for transmission of mechanical power. Wire
rope is also used to transmit force in mechanisms, such as a Bowden cable or the control surfaces of an
airplane connected to levers and pedals in the cockpit. Only aircraft cables have WSC (wire strand core).
Also, aircraft cables are available in smaller diameters than wire rope. For example, aircraft cables are
available in 3/64 in. diameter while most wire ropes begin at a 1/4 in. diameter. Static wire ropes are used
to support structures such as suspension bridges or as guy wires to support towers. An aerial tramway relies
on wire rope to support and move cargo overhead.

2.2.5 Crank
A crank is an arm attached at a right angle to a rotating shaft by which reciprocating motion is
imparted to or received from the shaft. It is used to convert circular motion into reciprocating motion, or vice
versa. The arm may be a bent portion of the shaft, or a separate arm or disk attached to it. Attached to the
end of the crank by a pivot is a rod, usually called a connecting rod (conrod). The end of the rod attached to
the crank moves in a circular motion, while the other end is usually constrained to move in a linear sliding
motion.
The term often refers to a human-powered crank which is used to manually turn an axle, as in a bicycle
crankset or a brace and bit drill. In this case a person's arm or leg serves as the connecting rod, applying
reciprocating force to the crank. There is usually a bar perpendicular to the other end of the arm, often with
a freely rotatable handle or pedal attached.

2.2.6 Structural steel
Structural steel is a category of steel used for making construction materials in a variety of shapes.
Many structural steel shapes take the form of an elongated beam having a profile of a specific cross section.
Structural steel shapes, sizes, chemical composition, mechanical properties such as strengths, storage
practices, etc., are regulated by standards in most industrialized countries.
Most structural steel shapes, such as I-beams, have high second moments of area, which means they are
very stiff in respect to their cross-sectional area and thus can support a high load without excessive sagging.
2.2.7 Pulley
A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and change of direction
of a taut cable or belt, or transfer of power between the shaft and cable or belt. In the case of a pulley
supported by a frame or shell that does not transfer power to a shaft, but is used to guide the cable or exert
a force, the supporting shell is called a block, and the pulley may be called a sheave.
A pulley may have a groove or grooves between flanges around its circumference to locate the cable or belt.
The drive element of a pulley system can be a rope, cable, belt, or chain.
Hero of Alexandria identified the pulley as one of six simple machines used to lift weights. Pulleys are
assembled to form a block and tackle in order to provide mechanical advantage to apply large forces. Pulleys
are also assembled as part of belt and chain drives in order to transmit power from one rotating shaft to
another.
2.2.8 Bar stock
Bar stock, also (colloquially) known as blank, slug or billet, is a common form of raw purified metal,
used by industry to manufacture metal parts and products. Bar stock is available in a variety of extrusion
shapes and lengths. The most common shapes are round (circular cross-section), rectangular, square and
hexagonal or hex. A bar is characterised by an "enclosed invariant convex cross-section", meaning that pipes,
angle stock and objects with varying diameter are not considered bar stock.
Bar stock is commonly processed by a sequence of sawing, turning, milling, drilling and grinding to produce
a final product, often vastly different from the original stock. In some cases, the process is partially automated
by specialized equipment which feeds the stock into the appropriate processing machine.
2.2.8 Caster
A caster (also known as castor according to some dictionaries is a wheeled device typically mounted to a
larger object that enables relatively easy rolling movement of the object. Casters are essentially housings,
that include a wheel and a mounting to install the caster to objects (equipment, apparatus and more). Casters
are found virtually everywhere, from office desk chairs to shipyards, and from hospital beds to automotive
factories. They range in size from the very small furniture casters to massive industrial casters, and individual
load capacities span 100 pounds (45 kg) or less to 100,000 pounds (45 t). Wheel materials include cast iron,
plastic, rubber, polyurethane, polyolefin, nylon, thermoplastic rubber, forged steel, stainless steel, aluminum,
and more.
Table 2.3.1 Perspective Specification
Equipment name Specification
Welding machine I max=28A
I left=21A
U0=56V
U1=220V
Drill ( Barena ) 220V N= 2700RPM
Grinder 220-240V N= 12000RPM
Sprocket 45 Teeth-18Teeth
Marine Flywood 1/2in
Angular bar 1in x 1in x 1/8in
Wire Rope T= 1/8
Bearing d (inside diameter)= 0.472441in
D (Outside Diameter)= 1.456693in
B (Width)= 0.472441in
Basic Load Ratings
Dynamic: 10,1kn
Static: 4,15kn
Speed Ratings
Reference speed: 45000 r/min
Limiting speed: 28000 r/min
Chain ( Motorcycle Chain ) Average Strength 1850
Cylinder CC (max) 125

Table 2.3.2 Performance Specification
Equipment name Specification
Welding machine I max=28A
I left=21A
U0=56V
U1=220V
Drill 1.07282HP and 2700RPM
Grinder 0.724152HP and 12000
RPM
Angular bar 1in x 1in x 1/8in
Wire Rope T= 1/8
Bearing Basic Load Ratings
Dynamic: 10,1kn
Static: 4,15kn
Speed Ratings

Table 2.3.4 Material Strength of Certain Metals
Material Shear Modulus Shear Modulus
(GigaPascals) (Million Psi)
Steel 79.3 11.5
Stainless 81 11.7
Marine Flywood 0.170 in plane (rolling shear) 0.025
0.700 Through thickness 0.1015
(edgewise shear)
2.4 Research Paradigm
Input Process Output
Knowledge:  Planning  Prototype
 Knowledge in  Canvasing  Evaluation
machine shop  Fabrication  Conclusion
 Knowledge in  Design  2d model of the
safety  Testing project
engineering  Revision  Recommendation
 Knowledge in  Presentation
computer  Finalization
applications
Market:
 Angle bar
 Chains and sprockets
 Bolts and nuts
 Bearings
 Steel shafts
 Welding electrodes
 Crank
 Steel wire
 Ply wood
People:
 Mechanical engineering
students
faculty
practitioners
The input box contains all the skill and knowledge in fabricating the manually operated double
dumbwaiter and the materials to be used in constructing the project. Mechanical engineering faculty and
practitioners are needed in this project because it requires expertise in the field of mechanical engineering
especially in machine design.

The process box includes the manufacturing of the project; brainstorming to share some ideas
related to the project, canvasing for materials needed in fabricating and testing for some errors if there is any.
The output box is the manually operated double dumbwaiter or the project design, the 2d model of
the design and documentations and recommendations.

Chapter 3
Project Design
The Manually Operated Double Dumbwaiter consists of eight (8) mechanism: frame, bearings,
shafts, linkages/crank, chains and sprockets, bolts and nuts and pulleys.
Frame
It is used as the foundation of the project. It holds all the elements of the design project.
Bearings
It holds and provides support for the shafts while transmitting motion.
Shafts
It transmits the motion of the design project starting from the crank to pull the pulley.
Crank/linkage
Motion starts at the crank and transmitted to the sprocket means of chains.
Chains
It connects the sprockets allowing a uniform motion of the shafts.
Sprockets
It meshes with the chain and the shaft, which moves along as the crank starts its rotary motion.
Bolts & Nuts
It is used to attach the wheels and rollers to the frame and the load.
Pulleys
It supports the movement and change of direction of the steel rope to lift loads.
3.1 Computation for the Design
There will be computation for each machine elements in this design. The computation may not be
accurate, and some changes in sizing that is not accurate and precise in the computation. The formula that
used for the design gathered from different books.
3.1.1 Computation for the torque
Using the formula for shafting in machine design and the average human cranking power of 54 watts
±14 and an average of 80 rpm we can have the value of torque by:
2𝜋𝑇𝑁
P= 60
60𝑃
𝑇=
2𝜋𝑁
(𝟔𝟎)(𝟓𝟒)
𝑻=
𝟐(𝝅)(𝟖𝟎)
𝑻 = 𝟔. 𝟒𝟒𝟓𝟕𝟕𝟓 𝑵. 𝒎
3.1.2 Computation for the Stress of the shaft
The measurement of the diameter of the shaft is 17mm, the stress of the shaft can be computed
as:
𝟏𝟔𝑻
𝑺 = 𝝅𝑫𝟑
𝟏𝟔(𝟔.𝟒𝟒𝟓𝟕𝟕𝟓 𝑵.𝒎)
𝑺= (𝝅)(𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟕)𝟑
𝑺 = 𝟔𝟔𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟕. 𝟑𝟔𝟔 𝑷𝒂
3.1.3 Computation for Angle of Deflection of the Shaft
The length of the shaft is measured to be 22cm, using the equation:
𝑇𝐿
𝜃 = 𝐽𝐺
𝜋𝑟 4
𝐽= 2
𝜋(0.0085)4
𝐽= 2
𝐽 = 8.19965𝑥10−9 𝑚4
(6.445775 𝑁.𝑚)(0.22 𝑚)
𝜃= 𝐾𝑛
(8.19965𝑥10−9 𝑚4 )(77200000 2 )
𝑚
𝜃 = 0.0390987 𝑟𝑎𝑑
3.1.4 Computation for wire elongation
𝑭𝑳
𝜹 = 𝑨𝑬
(𝟐𝟗𝟒.𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝑵)(𝟒.𝟓𝟕𝟑𝟏𝟕𝟎 𝐦)
𝛅= 𝛑 𝐤𝐍
( )(𝟑.𝟏𝟕𝟓𝐱𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝐦)𝟐 (𝟖𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟐 )
𝟒 𝐦
𝜹 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟐𝟔 𝒎𝒎
3.1.5 Computation for the maximum load (30kg)
𝑭=𝒎𝒙𝒈
(𝟑𝟎 𝒌𝒈)(𝟗.𝟖𝟎𝟔𝟔)
𝑭= 𝑲𝒈−𝒎
(𝟏 )
𝑵−𝒔𝟐
𝑭 = 𝟐𝟗𝟒. 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝑵
3.2.5 Computation for bearing torque
𝑻=𝑭𝒙𝒓
𝑻 = 𝟐𝟗𝟒. 𝟏𝟗𝟖𝑵 𝒙 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟓𝒎
𝑻 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝑵 − 𝒎
3.2.6 Computation for the pitch diameter of small sprocket
𝒑
𝑫𝒑 = 𝝅
𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝒛
𝟎.𝟓 𝒊𝒏
𝑫𝒑 = 𝝅
𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝟏𝟒
𝑫𝒑 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟒𝟔𝟗𝟕 𝒊𝒏
3.2.7 Computation for the pitch diameter of big sprocket
𝒑
𝑫𝒑 = 𝝅
𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝒛
(𝟎.𝟓 𝒊𝒏)
𝑫𝒑 = 𝝅
𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝟒𝟓
𝑫𝒑 = 𝟕. 𝟏𝟔𝟕𝟕𝟗𝟑 𝒊𝒏
3.2.8 Computation for the number of chain links from big sprocket to small sprocket
|𝒛 −𝒛 |
𝑪𝒐 𝒛𝟏 + 𝒛𝟐 𝒑 ( 𝟐 𝟏 )(𝟏𝟐 )
𝟐𝝅
𝑿𝒐 = 𝟐 + +
𝒑 𝟐 𝒄𝒐
𝒄 = 𝒇 . 𝒑 (𝟐𝒙 − (𝒛𝟏 − 𝒛𝟐 ))
𝟏
𝒇= (𝟒) 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜹(𝜹+𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜹)
𝑫𝒑𝟏 −𝑫𝒑𝟐
𝜹 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝑪
𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟐.𝟗𝟏𝒎𝒎 −𝟑𝟐𝟒𝟐.𝟔𝟗𝒎𝒎
𝜹 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐(𝟔𝟓𝟔𝟎𝒎𝒎)
𝜹 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟒𝟕𝟐𝟕
𝟏
𝒇= (𝟒) 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟎.𝟓𝟒𝟕𝟐𝟕𝟐)(𝟎.𝟓𝟒𝟕𝟐𝟕𝟐+𝒄𝒐𝒕(.𝟎𝟓𝟒𝟕𝟐𝟕𝟐))
𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟗𝟓𝟏𝟗𝟖
𝒄 = (𝟎. 𝟖𝟗𝟓𝟏𝟗𝟖) (𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟕𝒎) (𝟐(𝟒𝟐𝟖) − (𝟒𝟓 − 𝟏𝟒))
𝒄 = 0.93794
| 𝟏𝟑− 𝟒𝟓|
𝟎.𝟗𝟑𝟕𝟗𝟒 𝟒𝟓+ 𝟏𝟑 𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟕 ( )(𝟏𝟐 )
𝟐𝝅
𝑿𝒐 = 𝟐( 𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟕 ) + +
𝟐 𝟎.𝟗𝟑𝟕𝟗𝟒
𝑿𝒐 = 𝟓𝟕 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒌𝒔
3.2.9 Computation for the number of chain links from big sprocket to big sprocket
|𝒛 −𝒛 |
𝑪𝒐 𝒛𝟏 + 𝒛𝟐 𝒑 ( 𝟐 𝟏 )(𝟏𝟐 )
𝟐𝝅
𝑿𝒐 = 𝟐 + +
𝒑 𝟐 𝒄𝒐
𝒄 = 𝒇 . 𝒑 (𝟐𝒙 − (𝒛𝟏 − 𝒛𝟐 ))
𝟏
𝒇= (𝟒) 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜹(𝜹+𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜹)
𝑫𝒑𝟏 −𝑫𝒑𝟐
𝜹 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝑪
𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟐.𝟗𝟏𝒎𝒎 −𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟐.𝟗𝟏𝒎𝒎
𝜹 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐(𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟎𝒎𝒎)
𝜹 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟔𝟐𝟔𝟗
𝟏
𝒇= (𝟒) 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟎.𝟎𝟖𝟔𝟐𝟔𝟗)(𝟎.𝟎𝟖𝟔𝟐𝟔𝟗+𝒄𝒐𝒕(𝟎.𝟎𝟖𝟔𝟐𝟔𝟗))
𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟔𝟓𝟐23
𝒄 = (𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟐𝟑) (𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟕𝒎) (𝟐(𝟒𝟐𝟖) − (𝟒𝟓 − 𝟏𝟒))
𝒄 = 0.528918
| 𝟏𝟑− 𝟒𝟓|
𝟎.𝟓𝟐𝟖𝟗𝟏𝟖 𝟒𝟓+ 𝟏𝟑 𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟕 ( )(𝟏𝟐 )
𝟐𝝅
𝑿𝒐 = 𝟐( )+ +
𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟕 𝟐 𝟎.𝟓𝟐𝟖𝟗𝟏𝟖
𝑿𝒐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟑 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒌𝒔
3.2.10 Computation for the counter weight
𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒏 𝒄𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 + 𝒄𝒂𝒃 𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕
𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 = 𝟏𝟓𝒌𝒈 + 𝟏𝟐 𝒌𝒈
𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 = 𝟐𝟕 𝒌𝒈
4.0 Data and Results
Test nad Results Table
Trials Height Time
1 0-4.8ft 31 seconds
Average: 4.775ft 35.75 seconds
The table above shows the average time of our trials to lift the car/load into its desired height.
Chapter 4
DESIGN OF DOUBLE DUMBWAITER
Standards/ Constraints/ Trade-Offs
In this chapter, it will represent the constraints and tradeoffs that will comply in the standard, rules, codes,
and regulations in the Philippines through the Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers Code. These are
the components the will lead the proponents to improve their design.
4.1 Codes and Standards
The dumbwaiter should have a no riders sign according to section 7.2.3.4 of the PSME code to avoid any
riding stunts.
Sometime people do action that they know would injure them. It must be enforced through a sign to prevent
such shenanigans.
The dumbwaiter can carry 30 kg of luggage and it uses cable rope according to section 7.2.6.1.2 (b) of the
PSME code, you can still use rope for 35 kg. Making the rope last longer.
The dumbwaiter uses rope cable for lifting the car/s. Looking at section 7.2.6.2 of the PSME code, cable use
makes it over engineered for such usage.
4.2 Standard Used
The PSME Codes and Standards book suggested me to consult ASME A17.1-2004 which is used by United
States of America
Safety
Safety ranks as the top consideration in this design in our design. This involves operation,
construction and factor of safety:
 Operation is based on the operational procedure of the project.
 Construction of the project assesses whether the construction of the project is safe both to
the workers and the community.
 Factor of safety is based on the materials used due to their specifications and properties.
Economic
Economy is also considered in the constraints of the project this involves the principal cost of the
project and the maintenance cost:
 The principal cost of the design is the total cost covered while building the project, these includes the
cost of the materials and the electricity bill used in welding, grinding and cutting tools.
 The maintenance cost covers the miscellaneous costs for some essential parts of the project.
Manufacturability
Lastly, we consider the manufacturability of the project as a constraint, these includes the availability,
fabrication and the material properties:
 Availability of the materials to be used in the local market.
 Fabrication of the materials if they can be easily assembled.

 Properties of the material mechanically and machinability if they will have an effect in the output of
project construction process.
4.3 Constraints
The designers have considered three major constraints that serve as main factors for the design.
These constraints were chosen through the use of the Pairwise Comparison. These constraints are the
safety, economic and manufacturability.
Pairwise Table
Constraints Safety Economic Manufacturability Sustainability environment Result Rank
Health and - 1 1 1 1 4 1
Safety
Economic 0 - 0 1 1 2 3
Manufacturability 0 1 - 1 1 3 2
Sustainability 0 1 0 - 0 1 4
Environmental 0 0 0 0 - 0 5
(METTHEW WETTERGREEN, 2016)
1 – row of the more important objective
0 – row of the less important objective

Health and Safety versus Economic. For the designer’s perspective, safety and health will always
be the main priority. Life is irreplaceable, as for the cost and expenses that comes with making the design, it
can be earned, regained, and obtained as time progresses.
Health and Safety versus Manufacturability. For the designer’s perspective, safety is above
anything in terms of making a design. While the manufacturability, there are different ways to produce and
manufacture a certain design using modern tools, machines, and equipment.
Health and Safety versus Sustainability. For the designer’s perspective, both are important in
terms of designing but safety will always be the main priority, for life is irreplaceable. As for the sustainability,
it is vital for a project design to operate long-term.
Health and Safety versus Environmental. For the designer’s perspective, both are important in
considering a project design, but safety will always be the main priority, for life is irreplaceable. As for the
environmental aspect, the design does not contain any chemicals or other components that are harmful to
the environment.
Manufacturability versus Economic. For the designer’s perspective, manufacturability is more
important than the cost of the design project. The more manufacturable, the design is, the lesser the
expenses will be.
Manufacturability versus Sustainability. For the designer’s perspective, manufacturability is more
important than the sustainability of the design. A well manufactured and well-made design will determine how
long would the design operate in the long run.
Manufacturability versus Environmental. For the designer’s perspective, manufacturability is
more important than the environmental effects of the design project. The design does not contain any
chemicals or other components that are harmful to the environment.

Sustainability versus Economic. For the designer’s perspective, sustainability is more important
than the cost of design. A project design that operates well in a long period of time will make the expenses
worth it.
Sustainability versus Environmental. For the designer’s perspective, sustainability is more
important than the environmental aspect of the design, because the design does not contain any chemicals
or other components that are harmful to the environment.
Economic versus Environmental. For the designer’s perspective, the cost of the design is more
considered than the environmental aspect of the design. Designing a project requires expenses, and the
main priority in designing a project is whether the design will operate or not. As for the environmental aspect,
the design does not contain any chemicals or other components that are harmful to the environment.
4.4 Tradeoffs
4.4.1 Angle Bar
Decision Criteria Criterion’s Scale to meet the Criterion
Importance(%) (on a scale 1 to 3)
Steel Stainless Steel Aluminum

Safety 40 2 3 2
Manufacturability 30 3 2 2
Economic 20 3 1 2
Overall rating (%) 76.67 66.67 60
Stainless steel has the highest factor of safety due to its properties but in consideration of the other criteria
the team went to buy steel angle bar because it is cheaper and it is easy to manufacture.
4.4.2 Shaft
Steel Stainless Steel Brass
Safety 40 2 2 1
Economic 20 3 1 1
Overall rating (%) 76.67 43.33 30
Based on the result of the table, steel is the most practical shaft to use in the project because in terms of
safety they are the same with stainless steel but obviously cheaper and easier to manufacture so the team
decided to use steel shaft.
4.4.3 Sprocket (material’s used in sprockets teeth)

Cast Iron Stainless Steel Steel alloys
Safety 40 2 3 3
Economic 20 3 1 1
Overall rating (%) 66.67 56.67 56.67
As a result in the comparison above, sprocket with teeth that are made with cast iron is the most suitable
material for our project since the result in strength is not as good as the stainless steel and steel alloys
sprockets but it is easier to manufacture and cost cheapest among the three.
CHAPTER 5
FINAL DESIGN
5.1 Selected Design
After further discussions and evaluations, the researchers have come up with a decision. The chosen
design met the desired objectives of the researchers, and followed the suggestions of their instructor.
5.2 3D View of Prototype
Isometric view of the design

5.5 Bill of Materials and List of Equipment
Equipment Name Specification
Angular Steel Bar 1in x 1in x 1/8in
Bearing d (inside diameter)= 0.472441in
D (Outside Diameter)= 1.456693in
B (Width)= 0.472441in
Basic Load Ratings
Dynamic: 10,1kn
Static: 4,15kn
Speed Ratings
Sprocket 45 teeth-
Welding Machine I max=28A
I left=21A
U0=56V
U1=220V
Wire Rope 1/8in
Hand Drill 220V
Grinder 220-240V
Shaft
Circular Steel Rod 3/8in x 3.5ft
Welding Rod
Roller
Table 5.5A: List of Equipment in the Design
Materials Description Cost

Angular Steel Bar 1in x 1in x 1/8in 2,311php
Bearing 600php
Sprocket 45 & 14 teeth 840php
Wire Rope D=1/8 in. 300php
Shaft 360php
Circular Steel Rod 210php
Welding Rod 147php
Pulley Set-up 3/8in 600php
Rollers 510php
Hardware Includes bolt, nuts, screws, nails, 460php
disc cutters
Transportation 1,785php
Total: 8,103php
Table 5.5B: Estimated Cost of Design
Conclusion
In this project design, the researchers concluded that in designing the double dumbwaiter, the
materials to be used should be considered. The height, width and length of the frame, as well as the sizes of
the gears and pulleys will determine how effective the design would be. The principles of machine design
and machine elements will play a factor in how the pulleys and gears will be set up. Attaching a counterweight
will make it easier for the user in using the dumbwaiter.
Recommendation
The researchers’ recommendation for the design is to replace the crank with a motor for it to be
automated and have an increase in rpm. The use of motor to control the rotation of the gears and elevation
of the containers in the dumbwaiter will no longer require physical force from the user.
Appendices
Basic Dumbwaiter
A wide range of standard Dumbwaiter Sizes which are suitable for most uses such as using the lift
as a Food Lift, Home Lift or Industrial Dumbwaiter. Dumbwaiter dimensions are often decided by the goods
the lift needs to carry. Bags have basic sizes that would fit the double dumbwaiter. It does not have to be that
big but backpacks, messenger bags should fit inside it. It design is very similar to an elevator but dumbwaiters
are smaller
Pulley
Pulley a wheel that carries a flexible rope, cord, cable, chain, or belt on its rim. Pulleys are used
singly or in combination to transmit energy and motion. Pulleys with grooved rims are called sheaves. In belt
drive, pulleys are affixed to shafts at their axes, and power is transmitted between the shafts by means of
endless (ends joined together) belts running over the pulleys. One or more independently rotating pulleys
can be used to gain mechanical advantage, especially for lifting weights. The shafts about which the pulleys
turn may affix them to frames or blocks, and a combination of pulleys, blocks, and rope or other flexible
material is referred to as a block and tackle.
Crank
A crank is an arm attached at a right angle to a rotating shaft by which reciprocating motion is
imparted to or received from the shaft. It is used to convert circular motion into reciprocating motion, or vice
versa. The arm may be a bent portion of the shaft, or a separate arm or disk attached to it. Attached to the
end of the crank by a pivot is a rod, usually called a connecting rod (conrod). The end of the rod attached to
the crank moves in a circular motion, while the other end is usually constrained to move in a linear sliding
motion.
Reference
https://www.azom.com/properties.aspx?ArticleID=965
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_modulus
http://edge.rit.edu/edge/P14418/public/4-Subsystems%20Design/Plywood%20Materials.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumbwaiter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_stock
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_steel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crank_(mechanism)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire_rope
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevator
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprocket
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_chain
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caster
PSME Book of Codes and Standards
ASME A17.1-2004 Part 7
https://www.classicmarine.co.uk/articles/reference-data/45-materials/142-types-of-rope
Manual
The Double Dumbwaiter, in which will be used in carrying heavy objects, will help the young and old
people in carrying heavy objects from one level to another in a more time-efficient way. This design will lessen
the risk of back pains and any other injuries related to carrying heavy packages. This manual will endow the
users with information on how to properly use the Double Dumbwaiter.
Before using the design, the user should take note of the following:
1. Set the design in a stable ground, both on the lower and higher levels.
2. Make sure that the container, in which will be loaded, is lowered to a position that’s suitable for the
user.
3. Place the counterweights on each of the containers.
4. Make sure that the load is properly placed inside the container to avoid slipping and dropping of the
load.
While using the design:
1. Rotate the crank in a clockwise motion to elevate the left container and lower the right container;
rotate counterclockwise to elevate the right container and lower the left container.
2. Once the container is elevated/lowered on the desired height, unload each of the containers
carefully.
3. If the user wishes to elevate or lower more objects, just load the containers again and repeat the
first procedure.
After using the design:
1. The user should make sure that there are no more objects inside of both of the containers.
2. Place the design in a secured place.

Documentation
Assembling the frame of the dumbwaiter

Welding the front load support

Frame of the dumbwaiter
Fitting and assembling of bearing and gear

Welding the crank to the shaft
Finished Project

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Manually Operated Double Dumbwaiter

problems such as accidents and big mistakes. It can be just luck.

the first one below.

Chapter 1: Project Background

Project Scope and Limitations………………………………………………………………………....2

Engineering Design Process……………………………………………………………………………3

Engineering Design Process Flowchart………………………………………………………………..4

Table I. Gantt Chart………………………………………………………………………………………5

Chapter 2: Design Input

2.1 Related Literature……………………………………………………………………………………6

2.2.3 Roller chain…………………………………………………………………………………….10

2.2.4 Wire rope………………………………………………………………………………………11

2.2.6 Structural steel…………………………………………………………………………………13

2.2.8 Bart Stock………………………………………………………………………………………15

Table 2.3.1 Perspective Specification………………………………………………………………17

Table 2.3.1 Performance Specification…………………………………………………..…………17

Table 2.3.2 Performance Specification……………………………………………………………..18

Table 2.3.3 Material Strength of Certain Materials………………………………………………..19

2.4 Research Paradigm………………………………………………………………………………..20

3.1 Computation for the Design

3.1.1 Computation for the Torque………………………………………………………………..24

3.1.2 Computation for the Stress of the Shaft…………………………………………………..25

3.1.3 Computation for the Deflection of the shaft………………………………………………25

3.1.4 Computation for Wire Elongation………………………………………………………….26

4.1 Codes and Standards………………………………………………………………………….27

4.2 Standards used ………………………………………………………………………………..28

4.3.1 Pair wise table………………………………………………………..…………………….30

4.4 Trade offs……………………………………………………………………………..………..31

4.4.1 Angle bar …………………………………………………………………………………...31

5.1 Selected design………………………………………………………………………………33

5.2 3D View of Prototype………………………………………………………………………..33

5.5 Bill of materials and list of Equipment……………………………………………………..34

1.1 The Project

can avoid back pains which is cause by heavy luggage.

1.2 Project Objective

pulleys, chains, bearings, lever and cables.

principles that we have learned and studied.

1.4 Project Scope and Limitation

the system. Study of chain in the system.

1.6 Engineering Design Process

creating a project easier. The process is as follows:

 Identifying the Problem

 Build and Test

 Fail go back to Concept/ Continue the Project

Build and Test

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH

Identifying and selecting the problem

Canvassing the needed materials

Making partial Constraints of the material

Finalizing the needed materials

Buying materials and start

the heart of the prototype,

the double dumbwaiter

Test and Trials

Polishing the the two pulley and chains

Building the body of the prototype

Test and Trials powered by the hand crank

Polishing and Designing the Prototype

DESIGN OF DOUBLE DUMBWAITER

2.1 Related Literature

cylindrical piston like a jack.

ramps would be impractical.

in industry that include lifting materials