Limitations:

The number of rows of fasteners is limited to 1 because of the

large stress they carry in a multi-row system.
Effect of Prying Force

For A325;

F[(100b)(db)  18w(tf) ]
2 2
Q
70a(db)2  21w(tf)2

For A490;

F[(100b)(db)2  14w(tf)2 ]
Q
62a(db)2  21w(tf)2
where: Q = prying force/ fastener in kips
F = tensile force / fastener in kips
b = distance from bolt to edge of web – 1/16”
a = distance from bolt to flange edge not to be
more than 2tf
db = diameter of bolt in inches
w = tributary width of each fastener
tf = thickness of flange
3 Items to Check
1. Tension in bolts (F + Q)

2. Bending of the flange

3. Tension of the web

Example:
Estimate the prying force and the bending moment in the flange
of the tee section cut from W16x65, A36 6 – 7/8” dia. each side
A325 bolts spaced @ 4.5” O.C. longitudinally.
w = 4.5”
a = (7.59 – 6 1/2)/2 = 0.545”
b = (6 ½ - 0.45)/2 – 1/16 = 2.96”
db = 7/8”
tf = 0.75”
F = 60/12 = 5 kips

5[(100)(2.96)(7/8) 2  18(4.5)(0.75) 2 ]
Q  10.99 kips
70(0.545)(7/8)  21(4.5)(0.75)
2 2
PT = F + Q = 5 + 10.99 = 15.99 kips
Check bolts in tension
FtA325 = 40 ksi
P 15.99
25
ft =  = 26.59 ksi < 40 ksi OK!
A π (7 / 8 2 )
4

Check bending of flange

M1 = Qa = 10.99(0.545) = 5.98 kip-in
M2 = Q(a+b) – (F + Q)(b)
= 10.99(0.545 + 2.96) – (15.99)(2.96) = -8.81 kip-in
c = tf /2 = 0.75/2 = 0.375

3 3
I= w(tf) 4.5(0.75) = 0.158

12 12

A36 Fb = 0.75Fy = 27 ksi

fb = Mc/I = (8.81)(0.375) / 0.158 = 20.88 ksi < 27 ksi OK!