1. The document discusses different types of speech styles and speech acts. It outlines four types of speech styles: intimate, casual, consultative, and formal.
2. It also describes six types of speech acts: locutionary acts (the utterance itself), illocutionary acts (the social function or effect of an utterance), prelocutionary acts (the resulting effects of an utterance), and classifications including performatives, representatives, directives, commissives, declaratives, and expressives.
3. The document then covers communicative strategies for conversations, including nomination (establishing topics), restriction (limiting what is said), turn-taking, topic control, topic shifting, repair
Original Description:
i don't care for education i just want to download this file. thank you uwu
1. The document discusses different types of speech styles and speech acts. It outlines four types of speech styles: intimate, casual, consultative, and formal.
2. It also describes six types of speech acts: locutionary acts (the utterance itself), illocutionary acts (the social function or effect of an utterance), prelocutionary acts (the resulting effects of an utterance), and classifications including performatives, representatives, directives, commissives, declaratives, and expressives.
3. The document then covers communicative strategies for conversations, including nomination (establishing topics), restriction (limiting what is said), turn-taking, topic control, topic shifting, repair
1. The document discusses different types of speech styles and speech acts. It outlines four types of speech styles: intimate, casual, consultative, and formal.
2. It also describes six types of speech acts: locutionary acts (the utterance itself), illocutionary acts (the social function or effect of an utterance), prelocutionary acts (the resulting effects of an utterance), and classifications including performatives, representatives, directives, commissives, declaratives, and expressives.
3. The document then covers communicative strategies for conversations, including nomination (establishing topics), restriction (limiting what is said), turn-taking, topic control, topic shifting, repair
Types of Speech Style (Joos, - Utterances that serve a
1968) function in communication
1. Intimate TYPES OF SPEECH ACTS - Private 1. LOCUTIONARY ACT - Occurs among close family Actual act of uttering members or individuals. Also known as - May not be shared in “utterance act” public Saying something in a - JARGON- secret language normal sense between people with same J.R Searle it is also profession or orientation called propositional act 2. Casual 2. ILLOCUTIONARY ACT - Common among peers Social function of what - Jargon, slang or is said vernacular language are “By saying something used. we do something” – JL - Absence of background Austin information Boisver (2014) - Little reliance on listener illocutionary can be participation used to warn, - TWO DEVICES: congratulate, ELLIPSES complain, command (OMISSION) apologize, bet, explain Unstressed describe, request, and words in a adjourn sentence can be omitted at the CLASSIFICATIONS (J.R beginning Searle) SLANG 1. PERFORMATIVE Very informal UTTERANCES vocabulary or Statements phraseology that which enable the would be out of speaker to place in a formal perform setting something just by saying it PERFORMATIVES 3. Consultative – verbs that - the standard style execute the - Professional or mutually speech act that a accepted language is a speaker intends must to effect - EX: students and teacher, EX: “I now doctor and patient, you pronounce you get my point dead lol” 4. Formal 2. REPRESENTATIVE - Used in a formal setting. Speech acts that This type is one way commit a speaker to - EX: sermons, formal the truth of the speeches, expressed pronouncements by proposition judges EX: assertions, statement, claims, Speech Acts hypotheses, either the speaker, the descriptions, listener, or both suggestions The response may not 3. DIRECTIVES be physical or verbal To cause the hearer Change feelings, to take particular thoughts, or actions action like request, EX: “I was born at a command, or very young age” (trying suggestions desperately to be EX: “You are funny) advised to consult Dr. Ugh for second opinin.” 4. COMMISIVES Promises or oaths Threats or vows uwu Commitments to some future action 5. DECLARATIVES Change reality with accordance with the proposition of the declaration like baptism, pronouncing whether a person is guilty or dead, or eternal commitment with someone 6. EXPRESSIVES Express the speaker’s attitude and emotion towards the proposition like congratulations, thanks, or sorry EX: “I’m sorry for not being enough.” 3. PRELOCUTIONARY ACT The resulting act of what is said. Effect is based on the particular context. Martinich(1984) – performed by saying something and not in saying something Persuading, provoking, inciting, comforting, inspiring Seen when a particular effect is sought from I GOT LAZY uwu Communicative Don’t monopolize Strategy the conversation - Tarone (1980) defines it Use nods, looks, or as mutual attempts of two gestures to interlactators acknowledge the (interlocutors) to agree on speaker a meaning in situatioins Use spoken cues like where requisite meaning “What do you strategies do not seem to think?” be shared. 4. TOPIC CONTROL - Corder (1978) systematic Covers technique employed by a procedural speaker to express his formality or ideas when faced with informality some difficulties affects the TYPES: development 1. NOMINATION of topics in a Collaboratively conversation. and Meetings vs. productively Casual establish a conversations. topic. You try Should be to open a achieved topic with cooperatively people you are REMEMBER: talking to Avoid unnecessary 2. RESTRICTION interruptions and Limitations as topic shifts the speaker Use minimal Specific responses to make instructions yourself actively that must be involved followed Ask tag questions to Confines you clarify information as a speaker like “You are and limit what interested, yes?” you say 5. TOPIC SHIFTING 3. TURN-TAKING Moving from People decide one topic to who takes the another conversation REMEMBER: floor. Give all Be very intuitive communicator Previous topic should s a chance to be nurtured enough speak. to generate adequate views REMEMBER: Use conversational Keep words relevant transitions like BTW and reasonably 6. REPAIR short enough to Refers to how express you feelings the speakers Be polite address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehendin g that they may encounter in a conversation The self- righting mechanism in any social interaction. (Schegloff el at, 1977 7. TERMINATION - Conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation - Most of the time, the topic initiator takes responsibility to signal the end of the conversation REMEMBER: Use concluding cues You may share what you learned in a conversation Solicit agreement.